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Presumed competent, Asian Americans exhibit the highest level of education and median household income of all major US ethnoracial groups. On average, they outpace all groups in the domain of education, yet they do not maintain their advantage in the labor market. The question of bias against Asian Americans has taken center stage in the most recent SCOTUS ruling on affirmative action, but the attention has been on university admissions. We broaden the focus and rewrite the question to consider how Asian Americans seek to preempt bias in the labor market by strategically adapting to mitigate it. Strategic adaptation begins with precollege education, continues with college choice and major, and entails acquiring elite credentials that signal hard skills and merit. The strategy falls short of obviating bias altogether, however. We show how Asian Americans' labor market earnings and mobility vary by gender, nativity, national origin, and place of education. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 50 is July 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

A Comprehensive Survey on IIoT solutions: Challenges and issues -- A review of machine learning for smart building energy management -- A Review of the Artificial Neural Network Models for Water Quality Prediction -- Air Pollution Analysis based Raspberry Pi -- An overview of security and privacy in smart grids based IoT solutions -- Application of artificial neural network modeling for the forecast wastewater treatment -- Big Data for Internet of Things: a comparative study Decision Support System for Water Resources Management -- Edge-based Infrared-ultrasonic Radar System for Robotic Obstacle Tracking, Avoidance and Out-of-Sight Remote Control Applications.-Energy Management for Werless sensors -- Intelligent Urban Transport Decision Analysis System Based Big Data -- IoT and Reality Mining for Real-Time flood Prediction -- IoT based WSN for Air Pollution Monitoring -- IoT solutions for smart irrigation monitoring -- SMART Agriculture using IoT -- Thermochemical study of the degradation of the panels of wings in a space shuttle by utilization of HSC Chemistry Software and its database.

The aim of this article is to reconstruct ways in which Klaipeda's culture and its representations changed during the first two decades of independence. The article is based on media analysis and a series of interviews with representatives of different cultural fields. The interviewees are grouped into four categories: (1) official cultural policy-makers; (2) artists and cultural workers (curators, producers, managers etc.); (3) representatives of different subcultures; (4) culturally informed intellectuals. The qualitative interview analysis concentrates on the following aspects and dynamics: (1) the most influential 'ambassadors' of Klaipeda's culture; (2) culturally significant places and spaces; (3) representative events and cultural institutions; (4) cultural symbols of Klaipeda; (5) representative routes; (6) the (possible) multiculturalism of Klaipeda. The main questions to be addressed by the article are as follows: do current approaches enable us to discover anything that is invisible from the perspective of dominant cultural narratives? Who are the best representatives and representations of Klaipeda's culture? Who controls the cultural identity of Klaipeda? In what ways are cultural identities and ideologies constructed? Are there any alternatives to dominant cultural representations available?

"Oaxaca is known for many things--its indigenous groups, archaeological sites, crafts, and textiles--but not for mental health care. When one talks with Oaxacans about mental health, most say it's a taboo topic and that people there think you "have to be crazy to go to a psychologist." Yet throughout Oaxaca are signs advertising the services of a psicólogico; there are prominent conferences of mental health professionals; and self-help groups like Neurotics Anonymous thrive, where participants rise to say, "Hola, mi nombre es Raquel, y soy neurótica."How does one explain the recent growth of Euroamerican-style therapies in the region? Author Whitney L. Duncan analyzes this phenomenon of "psy-globalization" and develops a rich ethnography of its effects on Oaxacans' understandings of themselves and their emotions, ultimately showing how globalizing forms of care are transformative for and transformed by the local context. She also delves into the mental health impacts of migration from Mexico to the United States, both for migrants who return and for the family members they leave behind.This book is a recipient of the Norman L. and Roselea J. Goldberg Prize from Vanderbilt University Press for the best book in the area of medicine"--

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. ; 1.In 2010 a vaccine was licensed for use in badgers in the United Kingdom to reduce the severity of Mycobacterium bovis infection, and hence the risks of onward transmission to cattle. National legislation was enacted to allow its deployment by lay persons, but the efficiency and feasibility of badger vaccination has been the subject of ongoing debate. 2.We conducted quantitative analysis on badger vaccination records and undertook interviews and participant observation on a sample of vaccination project participants in order to investigate (a) progress in the deployment of badger vaccination in England, (b) the trapping efficiency and coverage achieved by non‐government groups, (c) motivations of participants involved in vaccination projects and (d) barriers to wider implementation. 3.Between 2010 and 2015 the number and distribution of vaccine deployment projects increased substantially, spreading from two to 17 English counties. 4.Estimates of badger trapping efficiency for non‐government groups did not differ from those achieved by highly experienced government operatives. Our estimate of vaccine coverage (i.e. the average proportion of the target badger population vaccinated during an operation) was 57% (range 48%–63%). 5.Interviews and participant observation revealed a range of motivations among individuals involved in badger vaccination including disease control, demonstration of an alternative to badger culling and personal or professional development. Barriers to wider adoption of badger vaccination expressed by interviewees related primarily to a perceived lack of confidence among farmers and landowners in the effectiveness of badger vaccination for bTB control, but also to the limited availability of funding. 6.Our study suggests that badger vaccination led by non‐governmental groups is practically feasible, and may achieve levels of coverage consistent with disease control benefits. Wider uptake of badger vaccination across England might potentially be achieved by addressing the knowledge gap of the effect of badger vaccination on cattle TB, working closely with farmers and vets to better communicate the evidence base (in order to increase confidence in badger vaccination as a viable disease management approach), and by increased financial support for new initiatives and the scaling up of existing projects. ; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ; ESRC ; Lancaster University

Why does so much literature on unlearning ignore the people who do the unlearning? What would we understand differently if we focused on those people? Much of the existing literature argues that unlearning can only be achieved, and new knowledge acquired, if old knowledge is discarded: the clean slate approach. This might be a reasonable way of organising stock in a warehouse, where room needs to be created for new deliveries, but it is not an accurate description of a human system. This article draws on a detailed qualitative study of learning in the UK Fire and Rescue Service to challenge the clean slate approach and demonstrate that, not only did firefighters retain their old knowledge, they used it as a benchmark to assess new routines and practices. This meant that firefighters' trust in, and consent to, innovation was key to successful implementation. In order to understand the social aspects of unlearning, this research focuses on the people involved as active agents, rather than passive recipients or discarders of knowledge.

While innovation occurs constantly -- incentivized by familiar devices such as patents, research grants, public procurement, and tax deductions -- some barriers prove so stubborn that they demand a different type of incentive, a more dramatic and exciting gesture: a prize. As early as 1567, European sovereigns offered prizes for solving the vexing problem of accurately determining a ship's longitude at sea. Today, prizes have become the darling of the Obama administration. Exploiting their renewed popularity and seemingly unlimited potential, President Obama formally encouraged federal agencies to adopt prize contests in his 2009 Strategy for American Innovation. Soon after, Congress passed the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010, authorizing all federal agencies to conduct prize contests. It's no surprise that public managers find prizes more attractive than contracts and grants. Prizes differ front contracts and grants because they shift the risk of failure (meaning, the risk that effort will be expended with no compensation) to contestants. Adapted from the source document.

The growing empirical literature on political corruption shows trust (interpersonal and political) to be both cause and consequence of corruption: a conclusion that largely builds on studies using cross-national measures of corruption based on perceptions of corruption rather than actual experience, raising questions of endogeneity. The lack of trust fed by corruption is considered critical in that it undermines government efforts to mobilize society to help fight corruption and leads the public to routinely dismiss government promises to fight corruption. After disaggregating the major concepts, this article empirically explores the relationship linking corruption and trust in Mexico based on data from the 2004 Americas Barometer survey. The authors discover a powerful mutual causality between perceptions of corruption and trust in political institutions that suggests that rooting out perceptions of corruption or shoring up trust in public institutions will be an extremely difficult project for anyone who takes on the task.

The paper discusses forms or patterns of policy change and how catastrophe theory may, in certain circumstances, provide a useful technique for formalising these changes. The first section reviews different configurations of change and focuses on discontinuous and incremental patterns and the factors explaining them. The second section considers, in the light of the preceding dichotomy, evidence on the nature of change in UK road policies. It is suggested that in this policy area there is a tendency for discontinuous change which may be susceptible to more rigorous analysis using techniques of catastrophe theory. In a third section these techniques are applied specifically to trunk road policies in order to examine the hypothesis that pressure groups have played an influential role. The approach is an exploratory one and the application of the technique is kept informal to encourage further research from this perspective.

The authors examine the dynamics of public opinion formation and change around a sitting president and their implications for reelection contests. Because of the biases inherent in information processing and the information environment, two distinct, but simultaneous, effects of citizen learning during a presidential term are expected. For those with prior opinions of the president, learning contributes to more polarized evaluations of the president. For those initially uncertain about the president, learning contributes to opinion formation about the president. Because the gap in uncertainty generally favors the incumbent over a lesser‐known challenger, races with an incumbent presidential candidate are typically marked, perhaps paradoxically, by both a polarization of public opinion and an incumbency advantage.