Suchergebnisse

TIEBOUT (1956) HYPOTHESIZED THAT "...THE CONSUMER-VOTER MAY BE VIEWED AS PICKING THAT COMMUNITY WHICH BEST SATISFIES HIS PREFERENCE PATTERN FOR PUBLIC GOODS...THE CONSUMER-VOTER MOVES TO THAT COMMUNITY WHOSE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BEST SATISFIES HIS SET OF PREFERENCES." BASED ON THIS ARGUMENT, THIS BRIEF NOTE SEEKS TO EMPIRICALLY EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF STATE INCOME TAX POLICY UPON THE GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY OF CONSUMER-VOTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE AUTHOR SEEKS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE EXISTENCE OF A STATE INCOME TAX SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES THE IN-MIGRATION OF CONSUMER-VOTERS. THE ANALYSIS FOCUSES ON THE ELDERLY AND CONCLUDES THAT THEY EXPRESS A STRONG PREFERENCE FOR STATES WITHOUT PERSONAL INCOME TAXES.

EXCEPT FOR THE SMALL GROUP OF CAPITALIST FARMERS AT THE TOP AND THE LANDLESS LABORERS AT THE BOTTOM, WHICH ARE CLEARLY IDENTIFIABLE BY THEIR CLASS INTERESTS, THE MAJORITY OF THE INDIAN PEASANTRY HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED AS "NOT CONSTITUTING ANY CLASS." IN SUCH A SITUATION, THE RESPONSE TO AND THE STRATEGY OF STATE POLICIES AND MARKET FORCES IS NATURALLY NOT THE SAME FOR EVERY SEGMENT OF THE PEASANTRY. WITHOUT EXCEPTION, GROUPS AND INDIVIDUAL PEASANTS BEHAVE RATIONALLY, ADOPTING A STRATEGY TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE THEIR ECONOMIC INTERESTS. BUT AS INTERESTS VARY, SO ALSO DO RESPONSES AND STRATEGIES. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE AUTHOR STUDIES THE RESPONSES AND STRATEGIES OF ONE PARTICULAR GROUP--THE TRIBAL PEASANTS OF NORTHEAST INDIA.

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE "RUSHDIE AFFAIR" AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. IT EXAMINES THE CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT AND THE DEATH SENTENCE PASSED ON AUTHOR SALMAN RUSHDIE BY IRAN'S AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI; BLASPHEMY AS THE OBJECT OF THE CONFLICT; THE PROCESS OF THE CONFLICT AND CRISIS; AND INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS TO THE CRISIS. SEVERAL CONCLUSIONS FOLLOW: THE RUSHDIE AFFAIR HAS CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED THAT THERE EXISTS AND IRREDUCIBLE ANIMOSITY BETWEEN ISLAM AND THE CHRISTIAN WEST; THE PROCESS OF SECULARIZATION AND MODERNIZATION WITHIN MUSLIM SOCIETIES HAD BEEN REVERSED; AND THE RUSHDIE AFFAIR HAS INCREASED THE ANIMOSITY OF LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION IN THE WESTERN SOCIETIES AGAINST MUSLIM IMMIGRANTS.

This article explores the parameters of choice available to small developing countries within the constraints imposed by the international economic system. Its thesis is that, since the 1930s, world economic recessions have helped accelerate waves of social discontent, political instability, and repression within the Central American nations. The author also discusses the dynamics of leadership transfer in the region and makes policy recommendations about how to minimize the negative impact of world economic cycles

The essay makes four points: (1) despite the assertions of some of their proponents, static game-theoretic and optimal-tariff arguments suggest that states should not undertake hegemonic responsibilities to maintain an open trading system; (2) hegemonic states have, in fact, co-operated with others, despite risks to themselves; (3) Japan, the hegemonic successor or condominial associate of the USA in the years to come, is also likely to co-operate to prevent the collapse of the international trading system. This means (4) that hegemonic or near-hegemonic powers have either acted irrationally or that their calculations have rested upon a different and more dynamic rational foundation. (DÜI-Sen)

THE AUTHOR ENDEAVORS TO SHOW THAT THE PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CHANGE THAT MADE THE VILLA DE CINCO DE MAYO OF 1888 SO DIFFERENT FROM THE BARRIOS ENCLOSED WITHIN THE HACIENDA DE MANZANILLA AND XOCHIAPULCO OF 1854 WAS PART OF A BROADER MOVEMENT THAT TRANSFORMED THE POLITICAL PERSONALITY OF MUCH OF THE SIERRA NORTE DURING THE REFORM AND ITS AFTERMATH. HE TRACES THE IMPACT OF THE DISSEMINATION OF A LIBERAL IDEA OF CITIZENSHIP, LIBERAL INSTITUTIONS, AND PATRIOTIC RITUAL WITHIN A ONCE CONSERVATIVE- AND POLITICALLY-MARGINAL REGION THAT GREW TO OCCUPY THE CENTER STAGE IN STATE POLITICS. HE FOCUSES ON THE NATIONAL GUARD, THE MAJOR LIBERAL INNOVATION OF THE PERIOD.

Hong Kong will be returned to the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China in July 1997. Public confidence in Hong Kong about its future is low. One perceived response to the increasing nervousness in Hong Kong is the upsurge in the numbers of people leaving the territory. The author explores whether this emigration is in response to the return of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. He believes that while the impending transfer is clearly one factor, there are many more important reasons to be found in the policies of potential destination countries and in those conditions which are giving rise to an increase in the movement of Chinese people throughout Asia. (DÜI-Sen)

On the eve of the June 4 Tienanmen massacre, mainland China's "independent and peaceful foreign policy", adopted in 1982, had already achieved considerable results. The most important of these were: (1) the close and broad ties established with the USA; (2) improved Peking-New Delhi relations; (3) normalization of relations with the East European countries and (4) normalisation of relations with the USSR at the May 1989 Peking summit. The author reviews Peking's foreign policy over the past four decades, explores the impact of the Tienanmen massacre on its foreign relations and analyses the regime's attempts to readjust its foreign policy since this tragic event. (DÜI-Sen)

According to the author, never before in human history has a political system come to hold such an overwhelming power and enjoy so many fanatical followers, yet crumble in such a short space of time. What has happened in Eastern Europe and the USSR in the past year has not only physically and perceptually changed the map of the world as it was drawn during and after World War II, but also marked the end of an era and the beginning of a new one. After looking at the factors contributing to the change in Eastern Europe and the USSR, the paper discusses Peking's reaction to the challenge from Eastern Europe and examines the possibility of democracy in mainland China. (DÜI-Sen)

The author believes that the calamitous events of 1989 left the People's Liberation Army (PLA) as the sole institution that will determine mainland China's future. Senior leader Deng Xiaoping repeated many of the mistakes made by Mao Zedong in his declining years. He destroyed the nascent political institutions with which he had hoped to assure a peaceful transition after his own death, instead making himself "irreplacable". The article examines the authority crisis of the Chinese Communist Party and the power of the PLA. It points out that only the unity of the PLA holds the PRC together. If the officer corps splits, the country will split. (DÜI-Sen)

The International Aspects of the Prevention and Control of Major Technological and Natural Risks.
The concept of major risk (whether natural or technological) excludes the very idea of liability. Nevertheless, a body of international law on compensation for disaster-related damage has gradually been developed. Risk prevention, affecting as it does the sovereignty of States, is making slower headway and is not sufficiently effective. The author recommends that a full-fledged environmental law, which goes beyond statements of co-operation and solidarity and provides for the setting up of an integrated international System for the prevention and management of major risks and the provision of compensation, be established at international level.

Jean-René Suratteau, Did the « Directoire » have religious policy ?
An established scholar of the period, the author reopens the case concerning the religious policy of the Revolution after Thermidor and investigates the first separation of Church and State and the attitude thanks to which tented to alternate repression and a certain toleration encouraging a renewal of Catholic religious practice. He follows the misadventures of a constitutional church, restored with difficulty and marginalized, describes the rather unsuccessful attempt at setting up a civic religion and concludes that the Directoire hardly had any clear policy and even less a stedfast one ; it was doubtless impossible to establish a coherent policy within such a short period.