Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена анализу употребления наркотических средств среди мобилизованных в условиях проведения операции объединенных сил (ООС) в Украине. Авторами рассмотрено нормативно-правовое регулирование вопросов, касающихся организации профилактики и выявления пьянства, наркомании и токсикомании. Обсуждаются нерешенные вопросы своевременного выявления больных алкоголизмом, токсикомании, наркозависимых и установка наркологических противопоказаний к службе в Вооруженных силах Украины. На основе изучения нормативно-правовой базы Украины по организации выявления больных алкоголизмом, токсикомании, наркозависимых и проведения профилактических наркологических осмотров авторами установлено, что вопросы проведения мер профилактики и выявления пьянства, наркомании и токсикомании в Вооруженных силах Украины сегодня не урегулированы. На основе полученных данных авторами разработаны предложения, предусматривающие законодательные и организационные меры по разработке и утверждению межведомственного приказа о порядке проведения наркологических и психиатрических осмотров в Вооруженных силах Украины; а также по разработке и утверждению межведомственного приказа о координации действий специалистов Министерства здравоохранения Украины и Министерства обороны Украины при оказании психиатрической и медико-психологической помощи участникам ООС. Вместе с тем предлагается усилить контроль за работой военных комиссариатов по изучению призывных контингентов, сбору необходимой информации об алкогольной и наркотической зависимости граждан, призываемых в Вооруженные силы Украины. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу вживання наркотичних засобів серед мобілізованих в умовах проведення операції об'єднаних сил (ООС) в Україні. Авторами розглянуто нормативно-правове врегулювання питань з організації профілактики та виявлення пияцтва, наркозалежності та токсикоманії. Обговорюються невирішені питання своєчасного виявлення хворих на алкоголізм, токсикоманії, наркозалежних та встановлення наркологічних протипоказань до служби в Збройних силах України. На основі вивчення нормативно-правової бази України щодо організації виявлення хворих на алкоголізм, токсикоманії, наркозалежних та проведення профілактичних наркологічних оглядів авторами встановлено, що питання організації заходів профілактики та виявлення пияцтва, наркозалежності та токсикоманії в Збройних силах України остаточно неврегульоване. На підставі отриманих даних авторами розроблені пропозиції, що передбачають законодавчі та організаційні заходи з розробки та затвердження міжвідомчого наказу про порядок проведення наркологічних та психіатричних оглядів в Збройних силах України; а також з розробки та затвердження міжвідомчого наказу щодо координації дій фахівців Міністерства охорони здоров'я України та Міністерства оборони України при наданні психіатричної та медико-психологічної допомоги учасникам ООС. Разом із тим пропонується посилити контроль за роботою військових комісаріатів з вивчення призовних контингентів, збору необхідної інформації про алкогольну та наркотичну залежності громадян, які призиваються у Збройні сили України. ; Background. To date, the problem of the drug addiction spread among young people aged 15 to 35 years has been acutely registered in Ukraine. Involving young people in the Armed Forces of Ukraine simultaneously forms the task of timely diagnosis of drug and alcohol abuse among servicemen, military and reservists. However, the procedure of identifying patients with alcoholism, substance and drug abuse, carrying out preventive narcological surveys and implementation of measures for the prevention and detection of alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse in the Armed Forces of Ukraine has not been completely regulated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal framework for the development of scientifically sound preventive measures and the detection of alcohol, drug and substance abuse in the Armed Forces of Ukraine as an important element of the system of medical support of combat readiness of troops. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out of publications on the topical issues of organizing the prevention and detection of alcohol, drug and substance abuse. The recommendations were worked out in regulations on the timely detection of patients with alcoholism, substance abuse, drug addicts and the identification of narcological contraindications for certain types of activities. The normative documents concerning anti-alcohol and drug-related measures and obligatory preventive drug tests in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other force ministries and departments are considered. Results. Prevention of alcohol, drug and substance abuse among military personnel includes organizational, social, educational, psychological and pedagogical, medical measures. It consists in timely detection and evaluation of allegations of alcohol abuse by servicemen, the creation of social and organizational barriers to the development of this negative phenomenon, a qualified explanation of the physiological, psychological and social consequences of alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse. Often, the following types of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are used: products of processing hemp in the form of chopped parts of this plant (hashish, anasha, marijuana) or bunched; hemp pitches (pills of black or brownish brown color); opium poppy products in the form of opium-raw; heroin (diacetyl morphine — a crystalline substance of white color); synthetic drugs (methadone, amphetamine, opioid alkaloids); pharmaceuticals, precursors (acetic anhydride, ephedrine, ergometrine, lysergic acid, etc.). A preventive narcological survey was introduced in Ukraine in order to timely detection patients with alcoholism, substance abuse, drug addicts and the identification of narcological contraindications for certain types of activities. Normative documents provide for primary, periodic and ordered drug tests. The initial survey is conducted by persons who are recruited for a certain position. A periodic survey is carried out at specified intervals (different for different professions) throughout the period of work in the office. The issue of ordered test is solved individually. A significant proportion of Ukrainian citizens are undergoing this procedure at a drug treatment institution at their place of residence, except for employees: of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; Security Service of Ukraine; Foreign Intelligence Services of Ukraine; State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Persons who work in the above-mentioned structures undergo narcological examinations in departmental medical institutions. It should be noted that the organization of mandatory prophylactic drug test of persons who enter the service to the Ministry of Defense and undergo military service in departmental health care institutions is not regulated. If it is not possible to carry out ordered examinations of persons of private and commanding staff, officers of internal affairs, servicemen, workers of the National Guard of Ukraine in departmental medical institutions, this issue is solved by conducting these surveys in public and municipal health care institutions on a self-sustaining basis, at the expense of the customer. Today, the Armed Forces of Ukraine do not have military medical institutions that have the right to carry out preventive narcological examinations in full, namely, there are no laboratories that have the right to conduct a medical laboratory examination in accordance with the procedure established of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Therefore, in order to ensure compliance with the requirements of the current le­gislation on the procedure for conducting a narcological review, the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, if necessary, conducts extraordinary narcological examinations of servicemen during military service, in particular under ATO conditions, organizes these surveys on a self-supporting basis in state and municipal health care included in the list of institutions, where it is possible to undergo a drug screening, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Conclusions. In order to increase the effectiveness of the system for the detection and prevention of drug addiction, substance abuse and alcoholism, the system of organizational measures for the development and approval of an interagency order on the procedure for conducting narcological and psychiatric examinations in the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be harmonized. The urgent issues are the ela­boration and approval of an interagency order on coordinating actions of specialists of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with provision of psychiatric and medical psychological assistance to ATO participants. The control over the work of military registration offices should be strengthened in order to study contingents, collecting the necessary information on the alcohol and drug addictions of citizens who are called to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Ph.D.(Melit.) ; The prevailing view in academic literature highlights the independence of European agencies as the rationale for their creation. Contrary to this perception, this work demonstrates that the Commission exercises considerable control through its opinions on an agency´s Single Programming Document. Being part of the budgetary procedure, European agencies are obliged to draw up a `Single Programming Document` comprising an annual and multiannual work programme together with corresponding planning of human and financial resources. Based upon performance-budgeting principles, the Framework Financial Regulation (FFR) hereby sets out detailed rules on the programming procedure and defines the Commission´s role in this respect. Apart from proposing the number of contributions from the EU budget, the Commission has the competence to give its opinion on an agency´s draft single programming document. To examine the Commission´s exercise of control, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) were part of the case study. For both agencies, the draft single programming documents for the years 2019-2021 were analysed and compared with their final programming version. It was noticed that the Commission´s comments frequently appear as instructions rather than recommendations and that the majority of their requests were observed by the agency. To establish the Commission´s role in a broader context, its opinions are analysed in terms of their content and quality of comments. Hereby, it is noticed that the Commission´s role depends on external factors and is thus a flexible one. Acting mainly as a legal supervisor, the Commission also addresses efficiency-related aspects and ensuresthat policy directions are properly considered in the programme. Several instances are noted where the Commission pursues its own interests that are outside the scope of the programme procedure. Even though, it exercises considerable powers over an agency´s programming content, the relationship between the Commission and European agencies is not yet comparable with ministry-agency constellations found at the nation-state level. Nevertheless, it is regarded that the Commission transgresses its competences as its opinions go beyond the limited scope of the Framework Financial Regulation. Possible legislative improvements are discussed in the last chapter of this work. It concludes that the Treaties lack an appropriate basis for the adoption of secondary legislation that regulates the programming procedure comprehensively. Therefore, Treaty amendments are required in addition to secondary EU legislation that sanctions today´s programming practice. Suggestions for legislative proposals are made to this end. ; N/A

The article is devoted to the issues of interaction between the forces of the state security sector during the protection of the places of compact stay of diplomatic personnel, as well as during its evacuation. A classical definition of interaction is given, how it is achieved and what is determined during its planning, in what forms the work on its organization is carried out. A particular definition of the interaction of interagency forces in the protection of diplomatic facilities is given. Interaction methods are recommended. In relation to the planned interaction table, it is recommended that the totality (sequence) of stages of action of the state security sector forces, which are involved in the protection of places of compact stay of diplomatic personnel. Separately, the levels at which the interaction is carried out are considered, and the corresponding departmental structures that are involved. For a case of resolving a crisis situation at the local level that has developed in connection with threats to the functioning of diplomatic facilities, a list of direct subjects of interaction between representatives of law enforcement agencies is proposed. Two examples of documenting the interaction order are proposed as examples, namely, planned interaction tables indicating the preferred option. Separately, the issues of coordination and clarification of interaction during the transition from the protection of places of compact stay of diplomatic personnel and their evacuation, as well as during the evacuation itself, are considered. A variant of threats to the evacuation convoy (including those of a terrorist nature) is given, its marching order on the march, a place in this marching order is recommended for carrying out the procedure for clarifying the interaction of the marching guard in case of threats to diplomatic personnel. Attention is drawn to the importance of the last stage of the evacuation of diplomatic personnel – the passage of customs and border control procedures.In the conclusion of the article, attention is focused on the need to expand the empirical base of materials related to questions of clarifying interaction, especially in unusual crisis situations, and the role of command and staff and tactical exercises, as well as field research, in this. ; Розглянуто основи взаємодії представників силових відомств у разі загрози функціонуванню дипломатичних представництв та консульських установ іноземних держав. Викладено питання взаємодії під час здійснення охорони місць компактного перебування дипломатичного персоналу, а також під час його евакуації. Запропоновано варіанти оформлення планових таблиць взаємодії.

Досліджено зміни кількісного і якісного стану землекористування оборони в період з 1990 р. по 2017 р. В результаті чого стало відомо, що з 1990 р. зменшилася загальна площа земель оборони на 59,7%, а з 2010 р. по 2017 р. на 0,4%.Землі Міністерства оборони в складі категорії земель оборони складають – 339,8 тис. га або 84,9% від загальної площі (табл. 2.2), Міністерство внутрішніх справ – 11,8 тис. га або 2,9%, Національна гвардія – 10,0 тис. га або 2,5%, Державний комітет у справах охорони державного кордону – 6,8 тис. га або 1,7%, Товариство сприяння обороні України – 3,1 тис. га або 0,8%, інші військові формування – 10,7 тис. га або 2,7%.В землекористуванні оборони пройшли відчутні зміни після окупації АР Крим Росією. Зокрема, площа земель оборони зменшилася до 362,2 тис. га або на 9,5% (табл. 2.3 ). В складі землекористування оборони питома вага забудованих земель коливається від 0,6 до 26,2 відсотки. Питома вага забудованих земель у тих регіонах де розміщені військові частини.Встановлено, що суттєві зміни, які пройшли у землекористуванні оборони, не вплинули на підвищення екологічної, економічної та соціальної його безпеки, а відповідно і безпеки життєдіяльності населення України.Ключові слова. Землекористування оборони, землі оборони, земельні відносини, функціональне використання земель. ; The changes in the quantitative and qualitative state of use of defense lands in the period from 1990 to 2017 were researched. As a result, it became known that since 1990 the total area of defense lands has decreased by 59.7%, and from 2010 to 2017 by 0.4%. The lands of the Ministry of Defense in the category of defense lands constitute 339.8 thousand hectares or 84.9% of the total area, the Ministry of Internal Affairs - 11.8 thousand hectares or 2.9%, the National Guard - 10,0 thousand hectares or 2.5%, the State Committee for the Protection of the State Border of 6.8 thousand hectares or 1.7%, the Society for the Defense of Ukraine - 3.1 thousand hectares or 0.8%, other military formations - 10.7 thousand hectares or 2.7%.Significant changes in the land use of defense took place after the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea by Russia. In particular, the area of defense lands decreased to 362.2 thousand hectares or 9.5%. In the structure of the land use of defense the component of built-on sites varies from 0.6% to 26.2%.Established, that significant changes that took place in the land use of defense did not increase of ecological, economic and social security, and, consequently, the safety of the life of the population of Ukraine.Keywords. Land use of defense, land of defense, land and property relations.

In Schengen terminology, the establishment of common external borders and the increase o f controls on them are part of the so - called "compensatory measures".They respond to an idea of "compensating" for the absence of internal borders, and consequent free internal movement, with other measures such as a common immigration policy, judicial and police cooperation, etc. It is the origin of the Freedom, Security and Justice Area introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam. In sum, it is about guaranteeing freedom in a context of security and justice.The present paper tries to analyze the evolution o f the regulation of one of the "compensatory mechanisms" of free circulation, FRONTEX, and the causes of successive revisions of its mandate, included the new European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG). Regulation 1624/2016 about EBCG, is provoking an intense debate between the specialists of European Union Law; for some of them the EBCG is a real step towards a common policy on common control of external borders, and for others it is nothing more than "Frontex + ". For this reason, we will try to provide the cr itical news of the latest regulation for lighting and facilitate the taking of positions. ; En terminología Schengen, el establecimiento de unas fronteras exteriores comunes y el incremento de controles en estas se encuentran dent ro de las llamadas "medidas compensatorias".Estas responden a la idea de "compensar" la ausencia de fronteras interiores con otro tipo de medidas como la cooperación judicial y policial. Ese es el origen del Espacio de Libertad, Seguridad y Justicia intro ducido en el Tratado de Ámsterdam. En definitiva, se trata de garantizar la libertad en un contexto de seguridad y justicia común.El presente trabajo tratará de analizar la evolución de la regulación de uno de los "mecanismos compensatorios" de la libre c irculación, FRONTEX, y las causas de las sucesivas revisiones de su mandato, culminadas en la nueva Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas (GEFC). El Reglamento regulador de la GEFC, está provocando un intenso debate entre los especialistas en Derecho de la Unión Europea; para parte de la doctrina supone un verdadero paso hacia una política común en materia de control común de las fronteras exteriores y para otros no es más que "FRONTEX+ ". Por ello, trataremos de dar noticia de los aspectos más relevantes de la nueva regulación para dar cierta luz y facilitar la toma de posicione

Has the Juncker Commission delivered a "new start" for EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) policies? This book examines the question in relation to the performance of the European Commission's intra-institutional setting while taking stock of the most relevant legislative developments and acts in the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) from 2014 up to the end of 2018. These developments are critically assessed in view of the rule of law and fundamental rights standards enshrined in the Treaties and the EU's Better Regulation commitments. The book argues that this has been the Commission of crisis and that the 'politics of crisis' have not benefited the Juncker Commission overall. They have allowed for greater intergovernmentalism, rule of law backsliding, informalisation and exceptionalism in EU AFSJ policies. The book puts forward a set of policy priorities for the next Commission term from mid-2019. It recommends unequivocally placing EU founding principles first – rule of law, fundamental rights and democracy – as these reinforce each other and work together in safeguarding the constitutional core of the EU and its member states. They are also key ingredients for ensuring the legitimation and credibility of European integration and maintaining social trust. ; This book falls within the framework of SOURCE Network of Excellence, which is financed by the EU FP7 programme with the aim of creating a robust and sustainable virtual centre of excellence capable of exploring and advancing societal issues in security research and development. ; -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Commission's new structure: one hat too many? -- 3. Legal and policy developments: promises made, promises kept? 3.1 Schengen and securing external borders 3.1.1 The European Border and Coast Guard 3.1.2 The Schengen Area 3.2 Asylum and refugees 3.2.1 Relocation and hotspots 3.2.2 Reforming the Common European Asylum System 3.2.3 EASO: Towards an EU Asylum Agency 3.3 Legal Immigration 3.4 Irregular entries and third-country cooperation on expulsions 3.4.1 EU-Turkey Statement and the Facility for Refugees 3.4.2 Readmission and root causes 3.4.3 Returns 3.4.4 Migrant smuggling 3.5 Criminal justice and police cooperation 3.5.1 European Public Prosecutor's Office 3.5.2 Europol 3.5.3 E-evidence, data retention and terrorist content online 3.5.4 EU-US Privacy Shield 3.5.5 Interoperability, information systems and eu-LISA 3.6 Rule of law and fundamental rights 3.6.1 Fundamental rights 3.6.2 Rule of law -- 4. Conclusions and priorities 4.1 Priorities 4.1.1 Intra-Institutional 4.1.2 Substantive or Thematic

Legal and political issues left the management of the 2015-16 refugee crisis mostly in the hands of national governments, but this is incompatible with an integrated economic area that has largely abolished internal borders. It is also incompatible with some founding European Union principles, such as the existence of a common European policy on the mobility of people. A greater role for European institutions and policies is needed both for policing the common borders and imposing common welcome policy standards for refugees, based on best practices. EU measures are also required to face the long-term problems related to immigration, as it is very likely that economic and demographic differences between the EU and neighbouring countries will lead to further crises in the future. Planning for this requires ample and dedicated resources, and a long-term strategy based on agreements with immigrants' countries of origin, a task that no EU country can pursue alone. Some progress has been made to strengthen the role of the EU, with the adoption of new directives, such as the Asylum Procedures Directive, and the establishment of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency. However, the situation is still far from satisfactory. There are major differences in refugee welcome and integration policies in EU countries, as shown by differences in asylum request outcomes in different countries and the different integration processes. There is also a serious lack of information about the skills and competences of refugees in different countries. This is a problem because this information is a necessary first step for an integrated welcome policy that might transform a challenge into an opportunity for aging European economies. Such differences between EU countries are not only inequitable but also inefficient. They lead to massive distortions in the functioning of European labour markets and create incentives for refugees to seek asylum in specific countries. Moreover, the promise made by EU institutions of a refugee relocation programme is presently not being kept, leaving the countries of first entry to carry disproportionate burdens. Legal procedures are part of the problem because the Dublin Regulation, approved under different circumstances, obliges the first-entry country to examine asylum requests. However, political obstacles play the main role. EU countries are very different in terms of their cultural attitudes towards immigration and it is difficult to impose a common solution on them. Practical solutions, based on the countries that do not want refugees making compensation payments, are probably the most realistic avenues to follow.

Rozwój Europejskiej Agencji Zarządzania Współpracą Operacyjną na Zewnętrznych Granicach Państw Członkowskich Unii Europejskiej (Frontex) jest związany z funkcjonowaniem strefy Schengen i ewolucją polityki zintegrowanego zarządzania granicami zewnętrznymi. Podstawowym celem funkcjonowania agencji Frontex jest poprawa współpracy operacyjnej między państwami członkowskimi w zakresie zapewnienia wysokiego i jednolitego poziomu kontroli i ochrony granic zewnętrznych Unii Europejskiej. Jednak przyjęcie roli koordynatora tej współpracy ograniczyło zdolności kompetencyjne agencji, uzależniając jej działalność od woli państw członkowskich. Wśród szeregu zadań powierzonych agencji największe wątpliwości budzą jej uprawnienia w zakresie działalności operacyjnej, co potwierdził trwający kryzys migracyjny. W obliczu narastających zagrożeń zewnętrznych dotychczasowe kompetencje agencji okazały się nieskuteczne. Analiza wydarzeń związanych z kryzysem migracyjnym w UE nasuwa pytania o przyszłość agencji oraz całej strefy Schengen. Z pewnością konsekwencją kryzysu migracyjnego będzie przekształcenie obecnego charakteru agencji. Najnowsza propozycja zmian dotyczy bowiem utworzenia Europejskiej Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej, która byłaby zdolna do podjęcia bardziej efektywnego działania na granicach zewnętrznych UE. ; Development of the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex) is related to the functioning of the Schengen area and evolution of the integrated management of external borders, which is to ensure a high and uniform level of control and protection of external borders of the EU. The main objective of the Frontex agency is to improve the operational cooperation between Member States at the external borders of the EU. Adopting the role of coordinator has limited the competencies of the agency, making its activities conditional on the will of the Member States, which remain mainly responsible for the control and protection of external borders. Among a number of tasks entrusted to the agency, the greatest doubt arises concerning the permissions in the area of operational cooperation, which in the face of increasing external threats show the weakness of the impact of the agency on the nature of cooperation in the protection of external borders. Analysis of recent events related to the migration crisis in the EU raises questions about the future of the agency. Certainly, consequence of the migration crisis will be to transform the current nature of the agency. Latest proposal of changes concerns the establishment of the European Border and Coast Guard, which would be able to take more effective action at the external borders of the EU.

This thesis analyses key social and technical capabilities and functions in Iran through the lens of the National Innovation System (NIS) model, focusing on processes influencing the on-going online encounter between the regime and local and expatriate prodemocracy cyber-activists in the aftermath of the country's contested presidential elections in June 2009. Conceptually, it is located in Science and Technology Studies (STS), with an emphasis on constructivist theory including Social Shaping of Technology (SST) as its creative backbone. In the original Nordic conceptualisation of the NIS model, openness is considered a given. This prevents the model from adequately explaining the dynamics of innovation in repressive countries. In Iran, nationwide innovation processes are distorted by high level security officials' ideology-driven approach to the generation and diffusion of scientific knowledge and the influence of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) over Iran's national economy. Bifurcated due to significant political differences, the Iranian NIS has become dysfunctional in the absence of an integrated, democratic structure, making the country highly dependent on foreign expertise. The overreliance of Iran on cross-border technological contributions is reflected in the state's internet surveillance apparatus. Currently, major European information and communications technology (ICT) companies aid the core of the censorship infrastructure employed by the Iranian regime, while a great majority of the anti-filtering software used by the cyber-activists is developed by North American universities, research centres and human rights NGOs. This, in turn, highlights a limitation in the EU export policy regimen, which fails to promote the development of pro-democracy online innovations and remains relatively weak in terms of its ability to regulate the overseas trade of telecommunications technologies. Laying emphasis on the social responsibility of large international telecommunications companies based on the outcome of a combination of weblog content analysis, semistructured expert interviews and document reviews, the results of this project are expected to help improve Western policies on dual-use ICT exports to repressive countries. A focused attempt at the dynamisation of relevant legislation by the European Parliament (EP) can help more effectively foster egalitarian values in emerging economies through supporting legitimate, bottom-up dissent. The main body of data used by this research was collected through a longitudinal observation of 65 Persian activist weblogs evaluated against an inductively crafted checklist. The preliminary findings of the weblog content analysis were later on examined in relation to the scripts of direct discussions with 17 active scholars and practitioners sampled largely by snowballing, as well as to an extensive archive of legal and journalistic documents.

Telegrams exchanged between Gen. Plutarco Elías Calles and the following people: private citizens, Commanders of Military Operations, the Alvaro Obregón Socialist Party, Governors, the staff of the Social Security Department, Staff of the Atzcapotzalco Delegation, the president of the League of Tropical Fruit shippers, the president of the retail sales people, Mayors, the Nagateros [Butchers] League, Congressmen, the president of the Federal Zone League in Tabasco, the staff of the National Telegraphs, the State Congress of Morelos, the Branch League of Resistance from Tabasco, the Pedro José Méndez Lodge, the Border Socialist Party from Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, the Secretary General of the Palafox-Rojas District Committee from Chalchicomula, Puebla, the Christ Number Thirteen Masonic Lodge, staff of the Agrarian Delegation from Cuernavaca, Morelos, the Delegation of Immigration in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, the Manager of the Agrarian Regional Bank, Ltd., the National Agrarian Delegation from Ciudad Bravos, Guerrero and the Revolutionary Party from Chihuahua. The aforementioned telegrams concern replies of acknowledgement , a request for a person to serve as a guard, news on the serious health status of Gen. Calles's wife Ms. Leonor Llorente, election conflicts in Michoacán and Puebla, condolences for the passing of Gen. Plutarco Elías Calles' wife, a request to substitute a telegraphist / Telegramas entre el Gral. PEC, particulares, Jefes de Operaciones Militares, Partido Socialista Alvaro Obregón, Gobernadores, empleados del Departamento de Prevensión Social, personal de la Delegación de Atzcapotzalco, Presidente de la Liga de Embarcadores de Frutas Tropicales, Presidente de Revendedores, Presidentes Municipales, Liga Nagateros, Diputados, Presidente de la Liga Zona Federal de Tabasco, personal de Telégrafos Nacionales, Congreso del Estado de Morelos, Liga Sucursal Resistencia de Tabasco, Logia Pedro José Méndez, Partido Socialista Fronterizo de Ciudad Victoria, Tamps.; Secretario General del Comité Distrital Palafox-Rojas de Chalchicomula, Pue.; Logia Masónica Cristo Número Trece, personal de la Delegación Agraria de Cuernavaca, Mor.; Delegación de Migración en Ciudad Juárez, Chih., Gerente del Banco Regional Agrícola de Morelos, S.A., Delegación Nacional Agraria de Ciudad Bravos, Gro. y el Partido Revolucionario Chihuahuense, acerca de: respuestas de enterado, solicitud de envío de un empleado para servicio de guardia, noticias sobre la gravedad de Leonor Llorente, esposa del Gral. PEC, notificaciones del fallecimiento de la Sra. Leonor Llorente, conflictos electorales en Michoacán y Puebla; condolencias por la muerte de la esposa del Gral. PEC, solicitud de suplencia de telegrafista.

Досліджуються базові системні утворення у сфері національної безпеки і обо- рони – система національної безпеки та система забезпечення національної без- пеки. Визначаються їх взаємна субординація, суб'єктна та об'єктна складові, со- ціально-політична роль. Вказується на складний характер становлення обох систем, недостатнє розуміння політичними лідерами та громадянами їх структури та призначення. ; Problem setting. National Security of Ukraine as a state of protection of the vital in- terests of man, society and the state is based on two main systems – the national security system it self and the system of ensuring national security. At the same time, the majority of Ukrainian citizens have insufficient knowledge about the systemic principles of na- tional security. This has negative consequences for practical activities on ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Further scientific research in this area and their bringing to the general public of specialists involved in the sphere of national security will become necessary.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of the national security of Ukraine (including the systemic principles of its provision) have been raised in the writings of numerous authors. Among them, in particular, are V. Gorbulin, O. Vlаsyuk, V. Goro- venko, О. Dzoban, B. Parаhonsky, G. Sytnik, M. Trebin. The specialists of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine (Y. Melnyk, V .Abramov,S. Borisyevich, A. Datsyuk, V. Kyrylenko, V. Mandragelia, R. Marutyan, etc.) work fruit- fully in this area. At the same time, an urgent need is an increase in author's teams that are concerned with the national security of Ukraine in terms of Russia's aggression against Ukraine and the transformation of national security in the key factor of Ukraine's state survival.Paper objective. To reveal the essence, structure, target direction of the national se- curity system and the system of ensuring national security. Determine the socio-political subordination of these systems. Determine the subjects of national security, which are partof both systems. Determine the normative and legal support of the activities on ensuring the national security of Ukraine.Paper main body. The study of the national security sphere of any country requires the use of methodological tools, built on the basis of systematic analysis of complex social processes. Below we will discuss two key systems directly involved in securing society, the state, the citizen: a) the national security system and b) the system of ensuring na- tional security. The national security system is an open, dynamic social system, the main purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of national interests, to ensure the integrity of society and the state. Its constituent elements are the nation, national interests, national values, activities for their protection, national security as a state of protection of national interests, as well as the challenges, threats and dangers of destruc- tive influence.The activities of society, state, citizens in protecting (defending, promoting) national interests takes place in various spheres, the total number of which depends on the spe- cific historical conditions of the country's development, the format of the challenges and dangers facing it, the experience of security activities, etc. In the Ukrainian legislation, the areas of ensuring national security recognized internal political, foreign policy, mili- tary, social, humanitarian, economic, scientific and technological, informational, environ- mental, as well as the areas of state security, civil protection of the population, security of the state border. Thus, Ukraine's national security is the protection of state sovereignty, territorial integrity, democratic constitutional order and other national interests of Ukraine from real and potential threats.Depending on the tasks that need to be resolved in the process of securing national security, a formal part of the national security and the national security system (public authorities, security forces, etc.) and an informal part (civil society institutions, citizens, mass media, etc.) can be singled out.Depending on the subject of national security, which plays a leading role in the analysis of national security factors and when adopting the appropriate management decision, one can consider the national, state and public subsystems of the national secu- rity and the national security system, which mutually complement and control in a certain way one another.Under the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine in the broad sense, one should understand a set of theoretical and methodological, regulatory, informational and analytical, organizational and managerial, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational search, personnel, scientific and technical, resource and other measures aimed at minimi- zation threats and dangers, guaranteeing the development of national interests, spiritual and material well-being of the people of Ukraine and the effective functioning of the system of national security of Ukraine.The main purpose of the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine is to achieve the goals of national security. The main function of this system is to ensure bal- anced coexistence of the interests of the individual, society and the state through monitor- ing, diagnosis, detection and identification, prevention and termination, minimization and neutralization of the internal and external threats and threats.The subjects of ensuring the national security of Ukraine are the President of Ukraine, the Parliament of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, ministries and other central executive authorities, the Na- tional Bank of Ukraine, courts of general jurisdiction, the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, local state administrations and local self-government bodies, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the External Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and other officers formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine; bodies and units of civil protection, as well as citizens of Ukraine, associations of citizens. These bodies are part of both systems.In this regard, with regard to the power structures of the state used the term "military organization of the state", which in modern terms changed to the security and defense sector. March 14, 2016, the Decree of the President of Ukraine approved the Concept of Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine. Another public-management innovation is the proposal to periodically conduct a comprehensive review of the security and defense sector.Case for the implementation of the decisions. Success depends on the activity and purpose of the state and society during the practical implementation of security-defense strategies and programs.Conclusions of the research. The system of national security in Ukraine demonstrates the wide-ranging causal relationships between the nation and the need to secure its secu- rity in a modern globalized world that continuously generates diverse challenges, threats and dangers. This system, based on national interests and values, is a more complex en- tity than a system of ensuring national security. This explains the complexity of the reflec- tion of the systemic principles of the national security of Ukraine from the side of not only the general population, but also the existing politics.Both systems are in a state of dynamic development. They did not acquire the final forms. This could not have happened due to the complexity of the processes of nation- building in modern Ukraine, the lack of certainty of national interests, the superficial nature of their legal consolidation, and the lack of experience (traditions) of ensuring the national security of independent Ukraine.Legislation on national security and defense of Ukraine is gaining more and more Western character. An indication of this is the active use of the term «security and defense sector» instead of the "military organization of the state". ; Исследуются базовые системные образования в сфере национальной безопас- ности и обороны – система национальной безопасности и система обеспечения национальной безопасности. Определяются их взаимная субординация, субъектная и объектная составляющие, социально-политическая роль. Указывается на слож- ный характер становления обеих систем, недостаточное понимание политически- ми лидерами и гражданами их структуры и назначения.

El documento es una editorial del diario Cordobés "El Eco de Córdoba", que se caracteriza por su relativa extensión y la diversidad de problemáticas que se revela en el "ojo de la tormenta", es decir, en plena "Revolución de 1874". En efecto, en estas líneas aparecen los actores principales del proceso, incluido el mismo diario, puesto que la nota se constituye en una clara proclama política. Los dos "bandos" políticos, mitristas y avellanedistas, por los nombres referentes a nivel nacional, se tradujeron en el interior con los apellidos de Arredondo y Roca para cada una de las mencionadas facciones políticas y "El Eco" que se identifica con la última. En torno a esas directrices aparece como relevante la combinada preocupación por los espacios y los hombres. Así el llamado a definir un arco de defensa mediante la movilización de las Guardias Nacionales en los departamentos limítrofes con las provincias de Santiago del Estero, La Rioja y Catamarca, se vincula con el accionar de Santos Guayama ligado antaño con las montoneras, relacionado políticamente con los Taboada, caudillos mitristas santiagueños. En cambio, respecto de la frontera sur se dejaba en claro que el Coronel Roca comandaba las fuerzas en esa otra línea defensiva. En síntesis, el periódico muestra cómo la provincia de Córdoba debía proceder para defender los intereses políticos del gobierno de Nicolás Avellaneda. Document of the 1874 Revolution in the province of Córdoba. Editorial "El Eco de Córdoba," October 17, 1874Abstract The document is an editorial of Córdoba newspaper "El Eco de Córdoba", characterized by its relative extension and the diversity of problems it reveals in the "eye of the storm," i.e. during the "Revolution of 1874". In its lines, the main actors of the process appear, including the same newspaper, whose writing constitutes a clear political proclamation. Mitristas and Avellanedistas, the two opposing political sides, which had taken their names in reference to national level factions, were in the interior of the country translated to the surnames of Arredondo and Roca respectively, and to "El Eco," identified with the latter. In this context, the combined concern for spaces and men appear as relevant. Thus, the call to define an arc of defense through the mobilization of the National Guards in the departments bordering with the provinces of Santiago del Estero, La Rioja and Catamarca connects with the actions of Santos Guayama, formerly linked to the montoneras, and politically related to the Taboadas, mitrista caudillos from Santiago. However, regarding the Southern border, it is clear that Colonel Roca commanded the forces in that defensive line. In short, the newspaper shows how the province of Córdoba had to proceed in order to defend the political interests of Nicolás Avellaneda's government.

Šī darba tēma ir Latvijas Republikas Valsts ieņēmumu dienesta (turpmāk tekstā – VID) stratēģiskās plānošanas sasaiste ar nacionālajiem, Eiropas Savienības un starptautiskajiem stratēģiskajiem dokumentiem. Ņemot vērā darba tēmas aktualitāti stratēģiskās plānošanas un sabiedrības ilgtspējīgas attīstības un stabilitātes kontekstā, darba mērķis ir izstrādāt priekšlikumus VID darbības stratēģiskās plānošanas pilnveidošanai ievērojot, ka VID ne tikai apkalpo klientus un administrē nodokļus iekšzemē, bet piedalās nodokļu administrēšanā visā ES, kā arī sargā izteikti aktuālu un ļoti nozīmīgu ES ārējo muitas robežu. Darba izstrādei autors izvirza hipotēzi – stratēģiskās attīstības plānošana LR Valsts ieņēmumu dienestā tiek nodrošināta pamatojoties uz nacionālajām un Eiropas Savienības prioritātēm un vadlīnijām, kā arī ir saistīta ar starptautisko muitas un nodokļu administrāciju stratēģisko attīstību. Galvenās problēmas, ar kurām autors sastapās darba izstrādes gaitā ir lielais dažādu politikas plānošanas dokumentu skaits valsts pārvaldē. Turklāt starp šiem dokumentiem nepastāv skaidra hierarhija un sasaiste, kā arī nav definēta sasaiste starp stratēģiskās plānošanas procesa nacionālo līmeni, augstāko valsts pārvaldes iestāžu līmeni un padotības iestāžu līmenī. Darba nobeigumā autors sniedz secinājumus par veikto pētījumu, kā arī piedāvā priekšlikumus VID stratēģiskās plānošanas pilnveidošanai. Izstrādātajos priekšlikumos autors īpaši uzsver nepieciešamību skaidri formulēt organizācijas stratēģiskos mērķus un sniedz priekšlikumus misijas un stratēģisko mērķu noteikšanai, stratēģijas ieviešanas rīcības plāna sagatavošanai un izpildes uzraudzībai. ; The theme of this master thesis is Strategic Planning of the State Revenue Service of the Republic of Latvia in Relevance to National, European Union and International Strategic Documents. Considering the topicality of strategic planning and sustainable development issues, the objective of this master thesis is to develop suggestions for improving strategic planning of SRS, taking into account that SRS of the Republic of Latvia not only serves its customers and deals with internal taxes, but also takes part in tax administration in the whole EU as well as guards the very substantial EU customs external border. Author sets the following hypothesis – SRS strategic planning is being performed on the basis of national and EU priorities and guidelines as well as it is in close relevance to strategic development of international administrations of tax and customs. Main problems that appeared during the research were the great amount of different political planning documents in state administration. Besides, there is no clear hierarchy and relevance among those documents as well as there is no defined relevance in strategic planning in national level, state administration higher level and state administration subordinated level. In the end of this master thesis the author provides conclusions and gives suggestions for improving strategic planning of SRS. Author particularly highlights the necessity of formulating clear strategic objectives and gives examples for defining mission and objectives, developing strategic plan and monitoring of its implementation.