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Since the founding of Harvard College, colleges and universities have used many types of examinations to serve multiple purposes. In the early days of student assessment, the process was straightforward. Each institution developed and administered its own unique examination to its own students to monitor their progress and to prospective students who applied for admission. Large-scale standardized tests emerged in the twentieth century in part to relieve the burden placed upon high schools of having to prepare students to meet the examination requirements of each institution to which a student applied. Up to that point, local communities of tutors and teachers were attempting to prepare students to succeed on each higher education institution's unique examination. Large-scale standardized tests have enjoyed more than a century of popularity and growth, and they have helped higher education institutions to solve problems in admissions and placement, and to measure learning outcomes. Over time, they have also become controversial, especially pertaining to race and class. This article is a historical view of educational testing in U.S. higher education, linking its development with past and present societal challenges related to civil rights laws, prominent higher education policies, and the long struggle of African American people in the United States.

"The question of quality has become one of the most important framing factors in education and has been of growing interest to international organisations and national policymakers for decades. Politics of Quality in Education focuses on Brazil, China, and Russia, part of the so-called emerging nations' BRICS block, and draws on a four-year project to develop a new theoretical and methodological approach. The book builds a comparative, sociohistorical, and transnational understanding of political relations in education, with a particular focus on the policies and practices of quality assurance and evaluation (QAE). Tracking QAE processes from international organisations to individual schools, contributors analyse how QAE changes the dynamics in the roles of state, expertise, and governance. The book demonstrates how national and sub-national actors play a central role in the adaptation, modification, or rejection of transnational policies. Politics of Quality in Education will be of great interest to academics, researchers, and postgraduate students engaged in the study of comparative and international education, as well as educational policy and politics. It should also be essential reading for practitioners and policymakers."--

Poverty and unemployment especially among the graduates has remained major challenges threating the economic growth and development of Nigeria. Towards poverty reduction Vocational and technical education is imperative. Therefore, this study examined poverty reduction through vocational and technical education among graduates in Oyo State, Nigeria. Four (4) research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. A total of 390 Vocational and Technical Education Students formed the sample size of the study out of 3,900 graduates. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers tagged: Poverty Reduction through Vocational and Technical Education Questionnaire (PRVTEQ) validated by three (3) experts was used for the study. Split half method was used to established reliability coefficient and the overall reliability coefficient was also established at 0.87 using Cronbach Alpha. The data generated for the study were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The findings showed among others that vocational and technical education increase pace for technological innovations, improve citizens standard of living, facilitate social Economy growth and development and promote political stability. Based on the findings the researcher recommended among others, government through its agencies should map out strategies of reaching out and providing funds for individuals who are willing to set up businesses and that school management should provide more vocational centers for skills acquisition towards poverty reduction.

Following independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea's leaders were praised for their success at building a coherent nation, but over the last two decades the government has increasingly turned to coercion particularly by forcing citizens into endless military service. The Struggling State: Teachers, Mass Militarization and the Reeducation of Eritrea is an ethnographic exploration of how citizens' redefined their relationship with the nation in response to the state's increased authoritarianism and use of force. Extremes of coercion and control led Eritreans to imagine the once-heroic ruling party as turning against them, which, in turn unraveled the legitimacy of state-produced imaginaries of the nation. The book focuses on teachers, who were situated to do the work of hyphenating, or gluing, nation to state but instead had to navigate between their devotion to educating the nation and their discontent with their role in the government program of mass militarization. As teachers confronted their own conflicted imaginaries of the state and questioned what it meant to be Eritrean, they reeducated the nation, but not necessarily in the way the government wanted them to.This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

This book is the third volume of selected papers from the Central European Pragmatist Forum (CEPF). It deals with the general question of education, and the papers are organized into sections on Education and Democracy, Education and Values, Education and Social Reconstruction, and Education and the Self. The authors are among the leading specialists in American philosophy from universities across the U.S. and in Central and Eastern Europe.Studies in Pragmatism and Values (SPV) promotes the study of pragmatism's traditions and figures, and the explorations of pragmatic inquiries in all areas o

The South Carolina Budget and Control Board, Division of General Services published the findings of an audit of the procurement policies and procedures of the South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education.

The Multiple Background of Internationalization of Higher Education in China -- Exploring Chinese Students Studying Abroad: Background, Problems and Suggestions -- International Education Development in China: Background, Issues and Challenges -- Foreign Exchanges and Cooperation in China: Situations, Issues and Strategies -- Conclusion on Internationalization of Higher Education in China.

This document provides guidelines for school personnel to work with military recruiters and about policies and procedures by which both school staff and recruiting personnel will be operating for the coming school year.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview -- Chapter 2 Community Colleges In India And Canada: A Comparative Analysis Brijender Singh Panwar -- Chapter 3 A Roadmap For India-Canada Collaboration In The Higher Education In India's Northeastern Region Suwa Lal Jangu -- Chapter 4 Pluri-Lingual Education: Step Towards Multicultural Citizenry in India and Canada Papia Sengupta -- Chapter 5 Examining The Cosmopolitan And The Local In Science And Nature: Building A Canadian/Indian Research And Education Partnership - Gordon McOuat -- Chapter 6 Youth and Education: Interrogating Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Canada and India Debashree Dattaray -- Chapter 7 Empowering People: Implementing 'Eco-Museum' for Sustainable Development for the Meenas of Western India and Métis of Western Canada Nandini Sinha Kapur -- Chapter 8 Climate Change and Interlinking of Indian Rivers: Lessons from Canadian Inter Basin Water Transfer Experiences - Deepak Kumar Das -- Chapter 9 Foreign Policy Of Canada Vis-À-Vis India Under Stephen Harper From Cold Storage To Warmth Of Billion-Dollar Trade K. Mansi -- Chapter 10 The Inclusion of Competition Clauses in Bilateral Trade Agreements between India and Canada: Issues and Challenges Ritu Gupta -- Chapter 11 Triggering Conversations about Mental Health Anuradha Sovani -- Chapter 12 Monitoring and Evaluation of Government programs in India and Canada – K. Gayithri -- Chapter 13 Paradigms of Art Practice: The Artist within the Community Gitanjali Kolanad -- Chapter 14 Feeling Well Kalaripayat: An Embodied Practice of Insight Problem Solving Hans Wolfgramm -- Chapter 15 Sport History as an Area of Comparative Study between Canada and India John G. Reid -- Chapter 16 Training in the Homeland: Negotiating Artistic Travel in the Transnational Field of Indian Classical Dance Sitara Thobani -- Chapter 17 Building Bridges across Canadian and Indian History: Interrogating the 'Twin Disasters' of Indo-Canadian Migration through Literature and Non-Fiction Representations Urmi Sengupta

The main thrust of this paper is repositioning Kogi State primary education sub-sector for effective teaching and learning. Education was described as a process of learning that assist in the provision of suitable skills, training the youth for economic, social, cultural and political responsibilities, individual transmission and transformation of social, economic and cultural structure from generation to generation. Primary education was considered in this paper as the first official foundation of the Nigerian education system and it is given in institutions to children aged 6years to 11+. The teacher and teacher professional development; the environment for effective teaching and learning were identified as the two basic areas to be considered in repositioning the primary education sub sector. The principles that underscore effective teaching and learning were identified. Likely challenges of repositioning the primary education sub sector in Kogi state were fathomed. It was the recommendation of this paper among others that information and communication facilities should be provided in our primary schools.Â

The lives of animals and humans are deeply intertwined and mutually influencing. In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation of ways in which the interactions of human animals and non-human animals matter educationally. This book seeks to contribute to the ongoing conversation about animals and education