Suchergebnisse

1. Guardians of Public Value: How public organizations become and remain institutions -- 2. The Election Commission of India: Guardian of democracy -- 3. Singapore's Corrupt Practices Investigations Bureau: Guardian of public integrity -- 4. The BBC: Guardian of public understanding -- 5. Sweden's Riksbank: Guardian of monetary integrity -- 6. The European Court of Justice: Guardian of European integration -- 7. The Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra: Guardian of symphonic music -- 8. The World Anti-Doping Agency: Guardian of elite sport's credibility -- 9. CERN: Guardian of the human aspiration to understand the universe -- 10. Rijkswaterstaat: Guardian of the Dutch delta -- 11. Médecins Sans Frontières: Guardian of humanitarian values -- 12. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Guardian of climate science -- 13. The ACCC: Guardian of viable markets and consumer rights.

The central problem of democracy has long been theorized as how to place appropriate constraints on the responsible exercise of power. Today, this problem is most acute in global governance. This article examines the rapid rise in the creation of international knowledge institutions, arguing that these institutions reflect a growing effort by nations and publics to assert democratic constraints on the on the global exercise of power through their ability to structure processes of reasoning and deliberation in global society. Specifically, the article argues for the need to attend carefully to processes of knowledge-making in international institutions, including the roles of international institutions in setting standards for the exercise of reasoning, their contributions to the making of global kinds through their work in classifying and reclassifying the objects of international discourse, and through their roles in opening up and constraining participation in international deliberation. The article concludes that the construction and deployment of policy-relevant knowledge are significant sources of power in their own right in global governance that need to be subject to their own democratic critique. Adapted from the source document.

Das Statut einer hierarchisch gegliederten und auf Disziplin bedachten internationalen Organisation einerseits ; sowie kaum öffentlich zugängliche Informationen andererseits lassen die Internationale Organisation der Muslimbruderschaft (im Folgenden: IOMB) als ein subversives ; weltumspannendes Netzwerk erscheinen. Unsicherheiten darüber ; welche islamistischen Parteien und Bewegungen überhaupt der Muslimbruder-Internationalen angehören und welche Verantwortung das von der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft dominierte Maktab al-Irschad (Leitungsbüro) als oberstes Führungsgremium für die Politik der einzelnen Mitgliedsorganisationen hat ; haben bislang einem offenen Umgang mit der Bewegung im Wege gestanden. Nach dem 11. September 2001 standen die der Muslimbrüder angehörenden internationalen Netzwerke unter der Beobachtung westlicher Geheimdienste ; was dazu führte ; dass viele im Westen lebende Mitglieder und Sympathisanten organisatorische Verbindungen zur Muslimbruderschaft dementierten. Durch solche Abwehrmechanismen wurden die Verdachtsmomente seitens der westlichen Öffentlichkeit jedoch eher gestärkt denn zerstreut.

This article analyses the positions on the role of collective bargaining of international organisations dealing with economic and employment issues. A stylised framework is developed that looks at each international organisation's mission, expert knowledge and structure (at political and technical levels). The analysis concludes that most of the international organisations under review remain anchored to their missions and mainstream economic analyses, with the exception of the OECD (partially) and the ILO. In contrast, the European Commission has a quite different nature, being part of a fully-fledged polity. The article concludes that the more nuanced position on the role of collective bargaining emerging from international organisations includes some important elements. In particular, the recognition of its potential for social inclusion and cohesion may support national measures that promote collective bargaining.

Abstract
International organisations are inherently purposive actors within the international legal system, created and empowered by States to pursue finite common objectives. This teleological dimension has come to play a prominent role in the way in which international law rationalises international organisations, with their purposes given a significant, often determinative, role in delimiting their competences. This article argues that this is the product of a conscious shift in legal reasoning that took place in the aftermath of World War II. Through an analysis of a series of key post-War decisions, it identifies the common features of this 'teleological turn' and, disentangling it from other forms of legal reasoning, examines its unique underlying logic and normative claims. It demonstrates that while the teleological turn offers prospects for the systemic development of international governance, an increasingly abstract approach to the concept and identification of an organisation's 'purpose' raises a number of unresolved questions which cast a shadow of indeterminacy over the law of international organisations.