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Mandating interactive governance arenas presents itself as an appealing strategy for determined public policy-makers at the frontier of New Public Governance. Yet, it also confronts researchers and practitioners with a new set of policy execution problems that prompts re-examination of one of the oldest research questions in public administration research: how and why are the high hopes of central policy-makers (not) translated into practice? By combining insights from the public policy implementation literature, network governance literature and theories of multi-actor institutional design, the article develops a theoretical perspective for studying top-down implementation of interactive governance arenas. The developed perspective enables researchers and practitioners to identify a number of critical junctions in the implementation process with important implications for the final design of the interactive arenas. A longitudinal case-analysis of the implementation of ten Local Crime Prevention Councils in one of twelve Danish police districts is conducted to demonstrate how the perspective may be deployed in empirical studies. ; Mandating interactive governance arenas presents itself as an appealing strategy for determined public policy-makers at the frontier of New Public Governance. Yet, it also confronts researchers and practitioners with a new set of policy execution problems that prompts re-examination of one of the oldest research questions in public administration research: how and why are the high hopes of central policy-makers (not) translated into practice? By combining insights from the public policy implementation literature, network governance literature and theories of multi-actor institutional design, the article develops a theoretical perspective for studying top-down implementation of interactive governance arenas. The developed perspective enables researchers and practitioners to identify a number of critical junctions in the implementation process with important implications for the final design of the interactive arenas. A longitudinal case-analysis of the implementation of ten Local Crime Prevention Councils in one of twelve Danish police districts is conducted to demonstrate how the perspective may be deployed in empirical studies.

This article focuses on two sets of literature that have developed out of a shared concern with networks: the network governance school, which has been engaged in a set of macro-level questions about the extent to which networks are changing the nature of state-society relations; and the policy network analysis school, which has focused on the relationship between processes of interest intermediation and their impact on policy-making outcomes. We examine how each school is underpinned by important epistemological differences between positivist, interpretivist and critical realist approaches. We argue that these differences complicate and make contestable what would otherwise seem to be an intuitively attractive argument in favour of combining these two schools. In seeking to understand better how these two schools might be combined, we adopt a critical realist approach and make a distinction between vertical coordination on the state-society axis and horizontal coordination on the interest integration axis. This produces a typology of governance arrangements, which are evaluated according to the level of input and output legitimacy that they are likely to generate, two criteria that are taken as overarching measures of how governance outcomes vary between different governance arrangements. This provides the basis for a broader discussion of how these outcomes are conditioned by both a network's structural characteristics and the way in which it is managed.

This article focuses on two sets of literature that have developed out of a shared concern with networks: the network governance school, which has been engaged in a set of macro-level questions about the extent to which networks are changing the nature of state-society relations; and the policy network analysis school, which has focused on the relationship between processes of interest intermediation and their impact on policy-making outcomes. We examine how each school is underpinned by important epistemological differences between positivist, interpretivist and critical realist approaches. We argue that these differences complicate and make contestable what would otherwise seem to be an intuitively attractive argument in favour of combining these two schools. In seeking to understand better how these two schools might be combined, we adopt a critical realist approach and make a distinction between vertical coordination on the state-society axis and horizontal coordination on the interest integration axis. This produces a typology of governance arrangements, which are evaluated according to the level of input and output legitimacy that they are likely to generate, two criteria that are taken as overarching measures of how governance outcomes vary between different governance arrangements. This provides the basis for a broader discussion of how these outcomes are conditioned by both a network's structural characteristics and the way in which it is managed.

Purpose–With the advent of Islamic banking, a new species was added to the banking system which was then, only dominated by the conventional banking. Islamic banking expanded in the world within the last decade and as a result, Islamic finance emerged as an alternative to the conventional finance. This created Islamic companies and Islamic financial institutions which operate based on the principles of Shari'ah or Islamic Law. These Islamic corporate bodies, like the conventional corporate bodies do need good governance rules. In other words, they also need a good, sophisticated "Shari'ah Governance Code" which would be based on the principle of Islamic Law. This is mainly because the objective of the conventional and the Islamic Corporate governance is different as conventional corporate governance structure is more focused on the protection of the rights of the stakeholders; while Islamic corporate governance focus on retaining the Islamicity of whole corporation. The objective of this research is, as the title suggests, proposing the reasons why a special governance Code for Shari'ah corporate bodies are needed. This paper would suggest a proper governance structure to the Islamic companies and will also discuss why the conventional corporate governance Codes are unsuitable for the Islamic companies.Design/methodology/approach–This research which is primarily library based, is an exploratory legal research in nature.Findings–In the course of this research, it is found that there is a need to enact a Shari'ah Corporate Governance Code due to the widespread establishment of shari'ah compliant companies in the world. Hence, the authors had discussed the potential content of such a Code in this paper.Originality/value–This research will complement the knowledge based on shari'ah corporate governance and is targeted to the existing and prospective shari'ah compliant companies.

The unique characteristics of the Internet—its openness, its global interconnectedness, its decentralized nature and the interrelationships among the layers that comprise it—have made it remarkably resistant to traditional tools of state governance. India is among such state actors which prefer a model of governance in which national governments serve as essential gatekeepers to global institutions, and Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs) remain the key venue for negotiations on complex problems like Internet. However, the role of international organizations, considered so far as settled sites of global governance, is faced with the task of navigating through a range of competing interests, namely governmental sensitivities regarding security and sovereignty, the commercial interests of private corporations (like the US-based ICANN) as also the concerns of civil society and user groups across the world. The 2005 World Summit on the Information Society witnessed a divisive debate about appropriate models—some privileging the place of intergovernmental bodies, while others promoting the role of non-governmental stakeholders—for regulating the Internet and the domain names system. Notwithstanding inconsistencies, India joined other emerging countries both in 2011 and 2014 negotiations to support creation of a suitable mechanism within the UN system. At the latter event in Sao Paulo, India outlined its detailed considerations for creating an intergovernmental body that would be committed to both the primacy of state sovereignty and to developing the capacities of the disadvantaged developing countries. The Western critics, nevertheless, have found it paradoxical that despite being a democratic and open society, India prefers government-led multilateral, rather than multi-stakeholder, approach to Internet governance.

The application of ICT in the public sector organizations of the developing countries is greatly used as one of the essential tool for bring the improvement in the governance of the county. The research study is aimed to evaluate the effect of ICT in improving the good governance of the public organization in Pakistan. The research paper has discussed the application of ICT in the public sector organization in developing countries and highlighted the essential factors which need to be addressed for making effective adoption of e-government technology in the public sector organization that consequently enhance the good governance of the public organization. The study has focused it study on those public organizations where e-government technology has been used for the purpose of improving good governance. This research has proposed a framework for enhancing the good governance of the public organization and finally has provided policy, action and research recommendations