Suchergebnisse

'Diese Untersuchung betrachtet die historische Entwicklung englischer Bildungspolitik und ihrer Gestaltung im Hinblick auf ethnische Gruppierungen. Untersucht man die Auswirkungen sozialer Bildungsversorgung auf ethnische Mehrheiten und Minderheiten, werden viele wichtige Themen und die folgenden Fragen aufgeworfen: Schließt das Bildungssystem Teile der Bevölkerung wie zum Beispiel ethnische Minderheiten aus? Kann kulturelle Vielfalt gelehrt und gefördert werden? Der Beitrag untersucht, was diese Fragen für afro-karibische, asiatische und muslimische Gemeinschaften impliziert. Assimilations-, Integrations- und multikulturelle Bildungspolitik werden analysiert. Indem Dokumente und Berichte der Bildungs- und Sozialpolitik untersucht werden, soll die Zielsetzung dieser Untersuchung den Leser anregen, darüber nachzudenken, wie Bildungspolitik Gesellschaft formt und welche Konsequenzen dies auf die Lehrtätigkeit von ethnischen Bildungsthemen in Bezug auf kulturelle Vielfalt und institutionalisierten Rassismus haben kann.' (Autorenreferat)

Summary: Based on the analysis of the Argentinian film El Ángel (2018), filmed biography of the life of Carlos Robledo Puch, the most famous murderer serial in that country, the work proposed to discuss the possibilities of representing lives and subalternating voices, in the context of discussions on the categories of popular cultures and mass culture. A number of discussions on these problems and notions were revised accordingly, including the discussion on sub-alterations proposed by the Asian Sud Study Group and taken up by the Latin American Sub-alternates Study Group, in conjunction with the stocktaking of Latin American neo-populist political experiences in the first two decades of this century: the possibility of a subalternating statement, representing the popular one as an excess not captured by the mass-culture representation machine. ; Resumen: A partir del análisis del film argentino El Ángel (2018), biografía filmada de la vida de Carlos Robledo Puch, el más famoso asesino serial de ese país, el trabajo propone discutir las posibilidades de representación de las vidas y voces subalternas, en el contexto de los debates sobre las categorías de culturas populares y cultura de masas. Se revisan, en consecuencia, distintas discusiones sobre estos problemas y nociones –entre ellas, el debate sobre la subalternidad propuesta por el Grupo de Estudios Sud Asiáticos y retomados por el Grupo de Estudios Subalternos Latinoamericanos–, poniéndolos en relación con los balances sobre las experiencias políticas neo-populistas latinoamericanas de las primeras dos décadas de este siglo: la posibilidad de una enunciación subalterna, que represente lo popular como un exceso no capturado por la máquina de representación de la cultura de masas.

Meto2000 is a strategic planning document. It does not allocate resources to activities. It aims to set the economic and social scene, and define the medium-term goals and strategies for developing operating plans and budgets that can move the economy of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) in the direction its people want it to go. Meto2000 combines a highly participatory review of the economic history and situation of the RMI (based on over 150 wide-ranging interviews conducted over a six-month period and supported by extensive documentary research) with a statement of proposed development goals and key strategies derived from that consultative process and the experiences of comparable island economies.

Meto2000 is a strategic planning document. It does not allocate resources to activities. It aims to set the economic and social scene, and define the medium-term goals and strategies for developing operating plans and budgets that can move the economy of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) in the direction its people want it to go. Meto2000 combines a highly participatory review of the economic history and situation of the RMI (based on over 150 wide-ranging interviews conducted over a six-month period and supported by extensive documentary research) with a statement of proposed development goals and key strategies derived from that consultative process and the experiences of comparable island economies.

Introduction : commoditization in Southeast Asia / Joseph Nevins and Nancy Lee Peluso -- Contingent commodities : mobilizing labor in and beyond Southeast Asian forests / Anna Tsing -- What's new with the old? : scalar dialectics and the reorganization of Indonesia's timber industry / Paul K. Gellert -- Contesting "flexibility" : networks of place, gender, and class in Vietnamese workers' resistance / Angie Ngọc Trà̂n -- Worshipping work : producing commodity producers in contemporary Indonesia / Daromir Rudnyckyj -- China and the production of forestlands in Lao PDR : a political ecology of transnational enclosure / Keith Barney -- Water power : machines, modernizers, and meta-commoditization on the Mekong River / David Biggs -- Contested commodifications : struggles over nature in a national park / Tania Murray Li -- Sovereignty in Burma after the entrepreneurial turn : mosaics of control, commodified spaces, and regulated violence in contemporary Burma / Ken MacLean -- Old markets, new commodities : aquarian capitalism in Indonesia / Dorian Fougères -- Production of people and nature, rice, and coffee : the Semendo people in South Sumatra and Lampung / Lesley Potter -- The message is the market : selling biotechnology and nation in Malaysia / Sandra Smeltzer -- New concepts, new natures? : revisiting commodity production in Southern Thailand / Peter Vandergeest -- Concluding comparisons : products and processes of commoditization in Southeast Asia / Joseph Nevins and Nancy Lee Peluso

Introduction. The interest in the "Armenian issue" is linked to the current international agenda and the impact of significant historical events on it, such as the genocide of 1915. Methods and materials. The interdisciplinary principle determines the use of traditional historical approaches (historical-genetic and historical-comparative) and international relations theories (defensive realism) simultaneously. The sources contain the published documents and publicism, as well as the archival documents of the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the State Archives of the Russian Federation. Analysis. Starting with the signing of the Berlin Treaty and the introduction of an article into it obliging Ottoman Porte to reform the management of the Armenian population, the inclusion of the "Armenian issue" in the foreign policy agenda of European states began. At the same time, the responsibility for the reforms carried out by the Ottomans was collective, and the leadership of Russia in this matter was considered impossible. Collectivity was the reason for the erosion of responsibility; the Sultan was not actually made to reform. With the beginning of the "Hamid pogroms" in 1894, the "Armenian issue" threatened the balanced position of the powers in relation to the Ottoman Empire and actualized the issue of the Ottoman Porte's responsibility for reforms in the Armenian vilayets. Obviously, Russia could be the most effective. France, Germany, and Italy initially did not plunge into this problem; in Asian Turkey, the main actors were still Great Britain and Russia. Results. Neither England nor Russia dared to act decisively, but they did not want to give in to each other either. For the British, control of the straits and the dominance of Russia in the Middle East were unacceptable. On the other hand, Russia was afraid to create a "second Bulgaria" near the Caucasian border. Therefore, the "Armenian issue", complicated by rivalry, went through a cycle on the international agenda, as a result of which Russia returned to dominance in its solution after 1908. The contribution of the authors to the writing of the article is related to the research by L.N. Velichko on European and Ottoman Porte's policy in resolving the "Armenian issue", K.R. Ambartsumyan has dealt with the evolution of Russia's position and explored the factors that influenced its change.

Anthropology and historyAlter, Joseph S. Gandhi's body: sex, diet, and the politics of nationalismBoone, Elizabeth Hill and Tom Cummins (eds). Native traditions in the post‐conquest worldGeary, Christraud M. and Virginia‐Lee Webb (eds). Delivering views: distant cultures in early postcardsJulien, Catherine. Reading Inca history.Mignolo, Walter D. Local histories/global designs: coloniality, subaltern knowledges, and border thinking.Ridington, Robin and Dennis Hastings. Blessing for a long time: the sacred pole of the Omaha tribe.Rodman, Margaret Critchlow. Houses far from home: British colonial space in the New Hebrides.Roth, Michael S. and Charles G. Salas (eds). Disturbing remains: memory, history, and crisis in the twentieth century.Van der Veer, Peter. Imperial encounters: religion and modernity in India and Britain.Applied anthropologyBarume, Albert Kwokwo. Heading towards extinction? Indigenous rights in Africa: the case of the Twa of the Kahuzi‐Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo.Ellen, Roy, Peter Parkes and Alan Bicker (eds). Indigenous environmental knowledge and its transformations: critical anthropological perspectives.Goldman, Laurence R. (ed.). Social impact analysis: an applied anthropology manual.ArchaeologyBinford, Lewis R. Constructing frames of reference: an analytical method for archaeological theory building using ethnographic and environmental data sets.Ikram, Salima and Aidan Dodson. The mummy in ancient Egypt: equipping the dead for eternityPerry, Warren R. Landscape, transformations and the archaeology of impact: social disruption and state formation in southern AfricaBiological anthropologyCrawford, Michael H. The origins of Native Americans: evidence from anthropological geneticsMcMichael, Tony. Human frontiers, environments, and disease: past patterns, uncertain futuresGenderBourdieu, Pierre (transl. Richard Nice). Masculine domination.Cassell, Joan. The woman in the surgeon's body.Feinberg, Richard. Oral traditions of Anuta: a Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Islands.Gilmore, David D. Misogyny: the male malady.Hirsch, Susan F. Pronouncing and persevering: gender and discourses of disputing in an African Islamic court.Sobo, Elisa J. and Sandra Bell (eds). Celibacy, culture, and society: the anthropology of sexual abstinence.GeneralAuyero, Javier. Poor people's politics: Peronist survival networks and the legacy of Evita.Bender, Barbara and Margot Winer (eds). Contested landscapes: movement, exile and place.Blum, Susan D. Portraits of 'primitives': ordering human kinds in the Chinese nation.Chambers, Keith and Anne Chambers. Unity of heart: culture and change in a Polynesian atoll societyChaudenson, Robert with Salikoko S. Mufwene. Creolization of language and cultureHaviland, John B. and Roger Hart. Old Man Fog and the last Aborigines of Barrow PointMcVeigh, Brian J. Wearing ideology: state, schooling and self‐presentation in Japan.Michaud, Jean (ed.). Turbulent times and enduring peoples: mountain minorities in the South‐east Asian massifNelson, John K. Enduring identities: the guise of Shinto in contemporary JapanRosenberger, Nancy. Gambling with virtue: Japanese women and the search for self in a changing nationSusser, Ida and Thomas C. Patterson (eds). Cultural diversity in the United States: a critical readerYoust, Lionel. She's tricky like Coyote: Annie Miner Peterson, an Oregon Coast Indian womanMethod and theoryAllen, N.J. Categories and classifications: Maussian reflections on the socialBowker, Geoffrey C. and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting things out: classification and its consequencesHerzfeld, Michael. Anthropology: theoretical practice in culture and societyKurin, Richard. Reflections of a culture broker: a view from the SmithsonianLincoln, Bruce. Theorizing myth: narrative, ideology, and scholarship.Nelson, Robert S. (ed.). Visuality before and beyond the Renaissance.Watson, C.W. Multiculturalism.Social anthropologyBates, Crispin (ed.). Community, empire and migration: South Asians in diaspora.Eves, Richard. The magical body: power, fame and meaning in a Melanesian society.Gudeman, Stephen. The anthropology of economy: community, market and culture.Harris, Mark. Life on the Amazon: the anthropology of a Brazilian peasant village.Harris, Olivia. To make the earth bear fruit: fertility, work, gender in Highland Bolivia.Helleiner, Jane. Irish Travellers: racism and the politics of culture.Ramirez, Philippe. De la disparition des chefs: une anthropologie politique népalaise.Vincent, Jeanne‐Françoise. Femmes Beti entre deux mondes: entretiens dans la forêt du Cameroun

The pivot to Asia is over, suggested Susan Thornton, Acting Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, on the eve of Secretary of State Rex Tillerson's first visit to Asia on March 14, 2017.1 This statement, though expected, begs many questions: Is this just a repeal of the bumper sticker "Strategic Rebalance," typical of administration change? If so, what is its replacement? Moreover, if this change is just in name but not in substance, will President Donald Trump stay the course? If not, what will be Trump's policy toward the Asia-Pacific? What should be the new focus and priorities? In short, given the enduring U.S. interests in the Asia-Pacific, what should be a sound and forward-looking U.S. strategy toward this region? This research project began with two questions on the future of the U.S. rebalance to the Asia-Pacific: Was it the right thing to do, and have we done it right? Given the enormous expected growth in the region and thus the expected impacts in the world, the answer to the first question is a resounding yes. The answer to the second question is less clear. On the one hand, there have been several successes, not the least of which was the public pronouncement of the Obama administration's directive to pivot attention to the region and increase significant travel and engagement in the region by former President Obama and his senior officials. On the other hand, there have been limited effects in world affairs and murky plans for future U.S. endeavors in the region, complicated by growing financial and political challenges inside the United States. Perhaps the best answer to the second question is that there was a great start with xiv an unclear follow-up. With the Trump administration now guiding U.S. foreign policy, it is time to move forward from the rebalance to a revitalized strategy and approach to the Asia-Pacific for the third decade of the 21st century ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1933/thumbnail.jpg

Following the popular uprisings that swept across the Arab world beginning in 2010, armed forces remained pivotal actors in politics throughout the region. As demonstrators started to challenge entrenched autocratic rulers in Tunis, Cairo, Sana'a, and Manama, the militaries stormed back into the limelight and largely determined whether any given ruler survived the protests. In Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen, senior officers pulled away from their presidents, while in Algeria, Bahrain, and Syria, they did not. More important, military officers took command in shaping the new order and conflict trajectories throughout that region. 'Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring' explores the central problems surrounding the role of armed forces in the contemporary Arab world. How and why do military apparatuses actively intervene in politics? What explains the fact that in some countries, military officers and rank-and-file take steps to defend an incumbent, while in others they defect and refrain from suppressing popular protest? What are the institutional legacies of the military's engagement during, and in the immediate aftermath of, mass uprisings? 0Focusing on these questions, editors Holger Albrecht, Aurel Croissant, and Fred H. Lawson have organized 'Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring' into three sections. The first employs case studies to make comparisons within and between regions; the second examines military engagements in the Arab uprisings in Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria; and the third looks at political developments following the cresting of the protest wave in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and the Gulf. The collection promotes better understanding not only of the particular history of military engagement in the Arab Spring but also of significant aspects of the transformation of political-military relations in other regions of the contemporary world

The end of the 16th century saw Dutch expansion in Asia, as The Dutch East India Company (the VOC) was fast becoming an Asian power, both political and economic. By 1669, the VOC was the richest private company the world had ever seen. This landmark study looks at perhaps the most important tool in the Company' trading - its ships. In order to reconstruct the complete shipping activities of the VOC, the author created a unique database of the ships' movements, including frigates and other, hitherto ingored, smaller vessels. Parthesius's research into the routes and the types of ships in the service of the VOC proves that it was precisely the wide range of types and sizes of vessels that gave the Company the ability to sail - and continue its profitable trade - the year round. Furthermore, it appears that the VOC commanded at least twice the number of ships than earlier historians have ascertained. Combining the best of maritime and social history, this book will change our understanding of the commercial dynamics of the most successful economic organization of the period. - Robert Parthesius brengt de scheepvaart en handel van de VOC volledig in kaart. Hij toont aan dat de intra-Aziatische handel sleutel was tot het succes van de maatschappij in de zeventiende eeuw. Met dit boek rekent Robert Parthesius af met het bestaande beeld van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC). Parthesius reconstrueert tot in detail de grootte en de activiteiten van de maatschappij. Hij toont aan dat het aantal schepen onder bevel van de VOC minstens twee keer zo groot was als tot nu toe gedacht. Voorheen is vooral onderzoek gedaan naar het scheepvaartverkeer tussen Azië en Europa, de zogenaamde 'Retourvaart'. Parthesius keek verder dan deze retourvaart en analyseerde de ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse scheepvaartnetwerk in Azië van 1595 tot 1660. Voor deze studie verzamelde hij alle gegevens over VOC-schepen in een database. Zo bracht hij de scheepsroutes van de fregatten maar ook die van de kleinere schepen uitgebreid in kaart. Door de intra-Aziatische handel in de zeventiende eeuw en door de diversiteit aan schepen kon de VOC het hele jaar door varen en streefde zo concurrerende maatschappijen als die van de Portugezen voorbij. Dutch Ships in Tropical Waters is een unieke combinatie van maritiem en sociaal-historisch onderzoek. Dit boek verandert onze kijk op de commerciële dynamiek van de meest succesvolle organisatie in de zeventiende eeuw.

In 2020, the Paris Agreement is the pinnacle of international law on climate change. It orchestrates global climate action over the coming decades. Countries agreed to limit global warming to well below 2ºC above preindustrial times, closer to 1.5ºC. Humankind will only achieve this temperature goal if we domesticate our international climate commitments. Judges have proven to be instrumental in holding their governments accountable for their climate pledges. Report Four of this four-part series explores the nature of the Paris Agreement, its history, and the framework of international instruments and international legal principles that support global and domestic climate action

The authority of political leaders in Bangladesh rests on diverse qualities, not least of which are the muscle and finance they can mobilize, and the relationships they can craft with senior party members. These are utilized to confront rivals both within and outside their own party. In some instances, the intensity of intra-party competition can be so severe that a further quality emerges: The capacity to find allies among enemies. Building local inter-party alliances can bolster the authority of politicians, yet be to the detriment of party coherence. This argument is developed through an analysis of mayoral and parliamentary elections held in the past decade in a small Bangladeshi city, where a ruling party member of parliament (MP) and opposition mayor appear to have developed such a relationship. This has thwarted the electoral ambitions of their fellow party members and has posed a serious challenge to party discipline. While political competition is often seen as being either inter-or intra-party, here it is focused around inter-party alliances. This portrayal suggests we need to give greater emphasis to the decentralized and local character that political authority can take in Bangladesh.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to consider the history and dark tourism attractions associated with a case study of the Thai-Burma Railway in the city of Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The paper considers how history has been abridged and distorted at a number of attraction sites in order to exploit the dark tourism commercial potential. The role of filmmedia is considered as a critical element of the site narrative and the reality of the tragic past of this place is discussed within the context of Thailand's role in the Second World War. Kanchanaburi, through the urban attractions that constitute the primary motivations for visitation, distorts and exploits its dark history for commercial and ideological purposes. Where accurate the Second World War interpretation was identified, it was maintained by balancing the requirements of national governments and institutions with acceptable levels of ambiguity and non-controversial perspectives on this urban location's dark past. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on literature, historical documents and tourism publications related to the Second World War and the incarceration and forced labour associated with the Thai-Burma Railway and the city of Kanchanaburi. Fieldwork incorporating tourist attraction and commemorative site visitation was undertaken in Northern Thailand in January 2017. Curators, managers, operators and tourist authorities were contacted in advance of the fieldwork by e-mail to request interviews. The sites identified were the primary sites visited by tourists, and no related Second World War site in the area was excluded. For those interviewed in relation to the subject area, a standard questionnaire based on a rolling database, relevant to particular sites was utilised. Interviews were taped and transcribed. Findings - The city of Kanchanaburi is defined by a heritage that has changed over time. Many factors imbue the meanings and content of place. This is a function of a plethora of competing Influences and agendas; political, economic, cultural, demographic and historical. Yet, this destination is defined by the dark history of the Second World War which is associated with this place. The visitor attraction sites considered in Kanchanaburi provide multiple narratives around the Second World War events. They offer a range of content driven by influences as diverse as simple commercial gain to the complex interaction of political, economic and ideological agendas (of. Gegner, 2012). In each case, the interpretation is used to articulate heritage through objects, artefacts, audio recording, place or imagery. These elements exist in environment(s) of their creation; the Second World War heritage of Kanchanaburi is developed in a nation that has only a partial and selective acceptance of its role in this conflict. The visitor attractions examined in this research and their content have all re-constructed and re-represented the past. Historical memorialization remains embedded in interests that are global, commercial, ideological but rarely neutral. The interpretation of the Thai-Burma Railway and the narrative of the many victims is associated with the construction merit respect, commemoration and consideration that is value free and not distorted by ideology or commercial imperatives. Practical implications - This paper provides a foundation for further consideration of how such contested dark heritage is viewed not least by visitors and users. Development of research in this area would provide a valuable source of data on: consumer profiles, motivations and orientation. Relating this data to nationality and origin would provide useful comparative data to that offered by operators and managers of key attractions. Furthermore, the prevalence of social and digital media as primary tourist information source could be measured against the continued (and possibly declining) importance of the filmic narrative. Furthermore, deeper evaluation of nature and content of interpretation is merited, given the range of approaches and content observed. At a political and policy level, the treatment of this part of Thai history and the degree of sensitivity around interpretation is linked to how a nation confronts its difficult past. More thorough evaluation of treatment in national media and education curriculum also merits review. Urban heritage is an important element of urban destination marketing and evaluation based around core themes of transparency, openness, respect for the past, and sensitive treatment of tragic events offer direction for application and evaluation in other urban contexts. Originality/value - This is the first time the heritage of this city has been considered in the context of dark tourism and the role of Thailand in the Second World War. It incorporates an analysis of all of the relevant attractions in the city and provides through the fieldwork conducted an original contribution to the tourism literature in this field. It draws on historical record, original documentation, interview analysis and tourism data. It provides further evidence of the dark tourism phenomena in a South East Asian context linked to a conflicted and selective appraisal of the past.

"In this widely-praised study, Carol Laderman provides a vivid picture of the daily life of rural Malays as she focuses on their dietary practices and the ritual and medical aspects of childbirth procedures. Apprenticed to a village midwife and a local shaman, she was able to observe a traditional culture adapting to modern practices."

"Chicken fried rice, sweet and sour pork, and an order of onion rings, please." Chinese restaurants in small town Canada are at once everywhere -- you would be hard pressed to find a town without a Chinese restaurant -- and yet they are conspicuously absent in critical discussions of Chinese diasporic culture or even in popular writing about Chinese food. In Eating Chinese, Lily Cho examines Chinese restaurants as spaces that define, for those both inside and outside the community, what it means to be Chinese and what it means to be Chinese-Canadian. Despite restrictions on immigration and explicitly racist legislation at national and provincial levels, Chinese immigrants have long dominated the restaurant industry in Canada. While isolated by racism, Chinese communities in Canada were still strongly connected to their non-Chinese neighbours through the food that they prepared and served. Cho looks at this surprisingly ubiquitous feature of small-town Canada through menus, literature, art, and music. An innovative approach to the study of diaspora, Eating Chinese brings to light the cultural spaces crafted by restaurateurs, diners, cooks, servers, and artists