Suchergebnisse

SUMMARY. In responding to the increasing professional recognition of child sexual abuse within the family, this paper, relating data from a clinical sample to epidemiological studies, is the first of a number devoted to experimental approaches being taken to identify and treat this problem. The author goes on to describe the multi‐disciplinary approach taken at the Tavistock Clinic and other treatment centres. The need for close cooperation and coordination of all professionals concerned and for the involvement of all family members in different forms of treatment is particularly emphasised. This paper was given at the 11th International Congress of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Paris, July 1986

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS ESTIMATING THE DEGREE OF RETURNS TO SCALE AND THE RATE OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN THE NINE MAJOR BRANCHES OF SOVIET INDUSTRY USING REPUBLIC STATISTICS AND A PRODUCTION MODEL WHICH IS PLAUSIBLE ON A PRIORI GROUNDS. THE OUTLINE OF THIS PAPER IS AS FOLLOWS. IN SECTIONS II AND III THE MODEL IS BRIEFLY REVIEWED. THE DATA AND THE RATIONALE AND ADVANTAGE OF OUR APPROACH ARE DISCUSSED. SECTION IV PRESENTS THE REGRESSION RESULTS. IN SECTION V WE COMPARE THE ESTIMATES REPORTED IN THIS PAPER WITH SIMILAR AMERICAN AND COMECON BRANCH ESTIMATES REPORTED BY MCCOMBIE (1985) AND BAIRAM (1986C), RESPECTIVELY. FINALLY, IN THE CONCLUSION THE AUTHOR SUMMARIZES THE RESULTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS.

MICHAEL WALZER'S ACCOUNT OF JUSTICE IS A PARTICULARIST ONE THAT IS OFTEN CRITICIZED BY ADVOCATES OF A UNIVERSALIST APPROACH. ONE CRITICISM, ON WHICH THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES, IS THAT WALZER'S EMPHASIS UPON THE COLLECTIVE LIBERTY OF THE COMMUNITY OVERRIDES ANY GUARANTEE OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AGAINST THE COMMUNITY. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT WALZER'S PARTICULARIST ACCOUNT CONTAINS UNIVERSALIST IMPLICATIONS THAT TRANSCEND NEUTRALITY AS TO A GOOD SOCIETY AND LIMIT THE SCOPE OF A COMMUNITY'S COLLECTIVE OR DEMOCRATIC LIBERTY. A BROAD RANGE OF SHARED UNDERSTANDINGS, WHICH ARE NOT FIXED BUT EVOLVE AND CHANGE OVER TIME, NEED NOT, SHE INSISTS, PRECLUDE A CRITICAL STANCE BY OR ON BEHALF OF INDIVIDUALS.

THE AIM OF BACON'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, EXPRESSED MOST CLEARLY IN HIS NEW ATLANTIS, IS TO MAKE A PLACE IN SOCIETY FOR A SCIENCE THAT WILL PRODUCE POWER FOR MAN. THIS PROPOSAL FOR A POWER-GENERATING SCIENCE NECESSARILY POSES THE QUESTION: HOW IS THE POWER THUS CREATED TO BE DIRECTED AND CONTROLLED? BACON IS GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD TO HAVE SAID THAT CHRISTIANITY WOULD BE AN IMPORTANT PART OF ANY SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM. THIS ARTICLE, HOWEVER, QUESTIONS THAT INTERPRETATION. THE AUTHOR ARGUES INSTEAD THAT BACON WAS INDIFFERENT AND EVEN HOSTILE TO CHRISTIANITY AND THAT HE DID NOT REGARD IT AS A DECIVE ANSWER TO THE MORAL AND POLITICAL QUESTIONS RAISED BY HIS SCIENCE.

IN THIS PAPER THE AUTHOR ARGUES IN FAVOUR OF A SINGLE CONCEPTION OF LIBERTY, THAT PICKED OUT BY BERLIN AS NEGATIVE LIBERTY. HOWEVER, BERLIN'S DEFENCE OF LIBERTY SO UNDERSTOOD SEEMS TO REST ON A VIEW NOT OPEN TO THE MORAL REALIST. THE FIRST HALF OF THE PAPER EXPLAINS THIS AND SUGGESTS AN ALTERNATIVE DEFENCE COMPATIBLE WITH SUCH A MORAL POSITION. THE DEFENCE RESTS ON AN ACCOUNT OF WHY WE VALUE FREEDOM. IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE PAPER THIS NEGATIVE CONCEPTION IS DEFENDED AGAINST RECENT CRITICISM FROM CHARLES TAYLOR. HIS APPEAL TO QUALITATIVE DISTINCTIONS WITHIN FREEDOM IS QUERIED, AS IS THE CONCEPTION OF THE SELF THAT SEEMS REQUIRED FOR HIS OUTLOOK.

Japan seems to consider the formation of a Pacific Basin Community as a desirable long-range goal, provided that it remains "open" to the rest of the world. The question of leadership and membership is kept open so as to avoid the impression of domination by larger economic powers and of a closed prospective community. The author addresses the issues of the need at present for a regional mechanism for policy co-ordination and conflict resolution for the Community, whether such matters could or should be properly handled in bilateral and/or global multilateral consultations, what the political implications are of future economic developments in the Pacific Basin etc. (DÜI-Sen)

Changes in the international financial markets implied new conditions for the financing of Latin American foreign debt. The dollarization of the economies acquired new importance, intensely affecting the monetary sovereignty of some countries. As a result, new economic policies were instituted in Argentina and Brazil aimed at reducing inflation by imposing a price freeze and a general de-indexation of the economy. The author takes into account the external context as well as both the economic structures and the accumulation of capital, as he analyzes the limitations of the measures used to slowdown the long-term dollarization and the main features of the Austral and Cruzado Plans

The purpose of this Article is to present a Japanese view of United States trade laws, concentrating on the differences between the United States and the Japanese laws. This Article will address the questions of whether United States trade laws have been used for protectionist purposes and whether there are inconsistencies and conflicts within United States trade laws. Finally, this Article will discuss Japanese suggestions for the enforcement of United States trade laws. The views expressed here are neither those of the Japanese business community nor those of the Japanese government; they are solely the views of the author, who is an observer and student of Japanese-United States trade laws.

THE ACADEMIC DEBATE BETWEEN LIBERALS AND COMMUNITARIANS, THAT IS, BETWEEN CONTEMPORARY LIBERAL THEORISTS SUCH AS JOHN RAWLS AND RONALD DWORKIN, AND THEIR COMMUNITARIAN CRITICS, SUCH AS RICHARD RORTY, ALASDAIR MACINTYRE, AND MICHAEL SANDEL, HAS REACHED A POINT WHERE IT MAY BE FRUITFULLY EVALUATED AS A WHOLE. THIS OELATE HAS RAISED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LIBERALISM TO NEW HEIGHTS OF THEORETICAL SOPHISTICATION. BUT NEITHER THE THEORIES NOR THE DEBATE BETWEEN THE THEORISTS HAS SIGNIFICANTLY ADVANCED POLITICAL UNDERSTANDING OR THE CAUSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE AUTHOR ATTEMPTS TO ILLUSTRATE THE FOUNDATIONS OF THIS DELATE, AND MOVE BEYOND IT TO AN ANALYSIS OF THE INPLICATIONS FOR POLITICAL THEORY AND DELIBERATION.

Abstract
The paper is a reply to the critical reviews of the author's A Theory of social Action by Anton Leist, Marvin Belzer, and Julian Nida-Rümelin in this journal. As to Leist's main criticisms, which concern the notions of social action, social practical reasoning, individualism, and social norms, they are argued to be incorrect and unjustified. Belzer's criticisms are on the whole well taken, and in fact all of them have been noted by the author in his later work.Belzer does not, however, consider these newest analyses and improvements. Nida-Rümelin presents some comments on the relationships between collective preferences and we- intentions. These points are correct.

Confronted with the privatization of communications in particular and the deregulation of state-linked structures in general, many critical researchers have come to defend public service broadcasting (PSB), despite their previous criticism of both PSB and commercial broadcasting. This article examines the arguments in the debate over the future of PSB in Europe and argues that important developments in new media mean this debate is no longer simply two-sided. Taking account of these new media and drawing on the Belgian example, the author evaluates three possible scenarios for the future of PSB — immobility, free competition, or PSB organized as an audiovisual `holding' — and proposes an alternative Le Monde-like restructuring of PSB.

The revival of interest in Marxist legal analysis has prompted a reconsideration of the function of the concept of the rule of law. Appreciation of the rule of law as an instrument of legitimation of the economic and political order has assumed particular significance in Canada due to the recent enactment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In this article the author examines the two aspects in which the rule of law may be said to exist - the democratic and the juridical - and through the application of Marxist analysis to several recent political events demonstrates the relationship of the rule of law to developments in the politico-legal system characteristic of late capitalism.

France provides an original variant of decolonizing without disengaging in the Indian Ocean. Unlike the other great powers with interests in the region France sees herself as belonging to the Indian Ocean on the same footing as the indigenous states. The legitimacy of her claim is based on the creole islands of the south west sector of the Indian Ocean which had no precolonial history and whose creole societies and cultures have been entirely created under European rule. While Mauritius and Seychelles were decolonised by Britain but have retained their "Frenchness", Reunion has been made an integral part of France. The island states' recognition of France as a littoral state of the Indian Ocean adds to the legitimacy of her position in a region which has regained considerable strategic significance with the ending of the thalasocratic hegemony of the West in an Ocean across which flows the oil life-line of Europe. (Internat. Political Science Association)