Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014–2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis

International audience ; L'éducation artistique et culturelle (EAC), en raison de sa double origine militante et institutionnelle et de sa dimension interministérielle, est structurée aussi bien par des objectifs partagés, des dispositifs permettant de faire converger des acteurs variés que par des tensions qui ne sont jamais véritablement résolues. S'il existe aujourd'hui un consensus national et international sur ce que pourrait être un référentiel d'une éducation artistique de qualité, le dissensus reste important au sujet de ses finalités, de ses modes de mise en oeuvre, du rôle des artistes et des enseignants, et enfin du « modèle » lui-même. Généralement présenté comme un idéal à atteindre, celui-ci résulte d'une longue institutionnalisation et sert parfois de dénominateur commun, si ce n'est de paravent, à une multiplicité d'approches, de pratiques et d'objectifs. Les divergences et les aléas politiques sont nombreux, au point que l'EAC apparait comme une cible floue et une forme instable. Elle l'est d'autant plus que la variété des domaines artistiques et culturels concernés, de l'art contemporain à l'archéologie, s'appuie sur des modes de transmission et d'appropriation différents. Il s'agit d'examiner comment, sous une appellation unique, se combinent ou s'opposent des modèles divers, voire opposés, et comment ceux-ci évoluent avec le temps et les réformes institutionnelles. En revanche, la tension entre dimension esthétique et dimension démocratique peut apparaître comme déterminante quels que soient les époques et les contextes.

Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse : https://www.addletonacademicpublishers.com/search-in-jsme/2818-xi-jinping-s-challenge-what-is-behind-china-s-anti-corruption-campaign ; International audience ; The unprecedented campaign against corruption appears as an answer to the erosion of the state party legitimacy, following the extent of social polarization, much higher in detailed representative surveys than in the official statistics. As the new blueprint for reform defined by the 3rd Plenum of September 2013 implies a huge transfer of resources from the party-state and elites to households and small and medium enterprises, vested interests groups tend to defend their privileges. Based on the analysis of the sociologist Sun Liping (Tsinghua University) and on extensive data, from Chinese as well as international sources, this article demonstrates that the anti-corruption campaign aims to destabilize the wall of vested interest groups which, in the name of stability, defend the anti-redistribution status quo. In the same time, anti-corruption is used as an institutional battle horse to strengthen the authority of the new secretary general and president, and to eliminate his political rivals. The recentralization of justice is supposed to control local protectionism and the foot-dragging of the local bureaucracy, which feels threatened. But this authoritarian and top-down policy tends to alienate wealthy Chinese and intellectuals, without succeeding to forge a real social coalition based on the redistribution of income, the condition for higher growth.

International audience ; This essay examines and evaluates China's global rise and the state of the transatlantic discussions about this issue. Since 2010, the rise of China has been accompanied by multiple Chinese initiatives on the international front, especially in the fields of trade and investment. Chinese overseas direct investments are on the rise at a global level. The creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, of the Silk Road Fund, and of the "Belt and Road" initiative are signs of a much more assertive China that is now engaging Western countries, including Europe and the USA. Western reactions, both at governmental and grass-root levels have been mixed. Two questions emerge: can Europeans agree on a common policy toward China? And can the USA and the European Union pursue a dialog and a more coordinated strategy? This will be especially relevant in the context of President Donald Trump's administration as well as newly elected governments in France and Germany following general elections in these countries in 2017. The future of a transatlantic dialog should also encompass the British question when the UK leaves the EU. As the USA and leading European countries map their foreign policy strategies in coming years, there is a need to elevate policy coordination toward China in the hierarchy of political and economic goals. The paper offers some suggestions on possible priorities.

International audience ; The political potential of the Armenian community of the USA can be divided in two parts according to the level of organization: institutional and individual. At the institutional level it is manifested in the form of traditional political parties and predominantly, lobbyist organizations. At the individual level, the Armenian political potential, in turn, is divided into two levels: federal and local government officials of Armenian descent. At the federal level, there are Armenians in all three branches of power (legislative, executive and judicial), as well as in international organizations (such as UN). At the local level, there are Armenians in both state and municipal government bodies.The Armenian reporters working in American media are part of the political potential of the Armenian community in the US, at the individual level. ; ԱՄՆ հայ համայնքի քաղաքական ներուժը, ըստ կազմակերպվածության աստիճանի, կարելի է բաժանել երկու մասի՝ ինստիտուցիոնալ և անհատական։ Ինստիտուցիոնալ մակարդակում այն հանդես է գալիս ավանդական կուսակ- ցությունների և գլխավորապես՝ լոբբիստական կազմակերպությունների տեսքով։ Անհատական մակարդակում ԱՄՆ հայկական քաղաքական ներուժն իր հերթին բաժանվում է երկու մասի՝ դաշնային (համապետական) և տեղական իշխանություններում ընդգրկված հայազգի գործիչներ։ Դաշնային մակարդակով հայ գործիչներն ընդգրկված են իշխանության երեք ճյուղերի (օրենսդիր, գործադիր և դատական), ինչպես նաև միջազգային կազմակերպությունների (ՄԱԿ) գործունեության մեջ։ Տեղական մակարդակում հայեր կան ինչպես նահանգային, այնպես էլ քաղաքային իշխանական մարմիններում։ ԱՄՆ հայ համայնքի քաղաքական ներուժի (անհատական մակարդակով) մաս են կազմում նաև ամերիկյան լրատվամիջոցներում աշխատող հայազգի լրագրողները։

International audience ; Au cours des vingt dernières années, les pays des Suds 1 ont été le théâtre d'une inflation sans précédent de réformes éducatives, toutes orientées vers le second des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD) visant à généraliser l'accès à une éducation de qualité au niveau primaire. D'importants moyens financiers, matériels, humains et intellectuels ont été mis au service de cette cause investie par la communauté internationale, dont un certain nombre d'effets sont manifestes : l'accès à l'éducation, encouragé par les politiques de gratuité, a partout progressé de manière significative et la parité à l'école est présentée comme l'un des grands succès des OMD. L'ingénierie réformatrice, qui s'est notamment déployée dans le cadre de programmes internationaux d'aide au développement, a pris des formes variées et a concerné toutes les dimensions des systèmes éducatifs aussi bien pédagogiques, structurelles, que gestionnaires. Les réformes ont, en effet, autant porté sur la planification et l'organisation bureaucratique des systèmes éducatifs à travers la généralisation des plans sectoriels et les politiques de décentralisation et de déconcentration, que sur la régulation des systèmes d'enseignement (redoublement, recrutement et formation des enseignants), les pratiques pédagogiques ou les techniques d'évaluation. Quoique disparates, ces programmes réformateurs visaient tous le même objectif d'amélioration de la qualité de l'éducation, une notion aussi large que floue, englobant dans le vocabulaire de l'aide des sets variés de réformes. Parmi eux, la boîte à outils néolibérale du nouveau management public offre quantité

This paper tries to evaluate Egypt's situation as an intermediary status country with regional influence which has spun links with some BRICs so as to emancipate itself from North-American tutelage and compensate for Saudi Arabia's – conditioned – financial aid. Our hypothesis is that the determination of external alignments comes essentially from national (social, economic, and security-linked) parameters. The volatile international context constitutes an extra element which influences the Egyptian government's choices: increasing tensions between Washington and Moscow, Chinese willingness for regional self-assertiveness, European uncertainties. All these factors oblige the Egyptian government to navigate between different partnerships according to the time's constraints, for the purchase of weapons and the choice of investors. ; Ce papier cherche à faire le point sur la situation de l'Égypte comme pays à statut intermédiaire et à influence régionale ayant tissé de nombreux liens avec quelques BRICs afin de s'émanciper de la tutelle nord-américaine et de faire contrepoids à l'aide financière – conditionnée – de l'Arabie saoudite. L'hypothèse est que ce sont essentiellement les paramètres nationaux (sociaux, économiques et sécuritaires) qui déterminent les alignements extérieurs. Le contexte international volatile est un élément supplémentaire influant sur les choix du gouvernement égyptien : tensions croissantes entre Washington et Moscou, volonté chinoise d'affirmation régionale, incertitudes de l'Union européenne. Tous ces éléments obligent le gouvernement égyptien à naviguer entre différents partenariats, selon les contraintes du moment, pour les achats d'armes et le choix des investisseurs.

International audience ; Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014–2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis

Die Dissertation untersucht die Presseberichterstattung der Jahre 1989 und 1990 in Chile, Nicaragua und Paraguay über den Fall der Mauer und die deutsche Wiedervereinigung. Die drei lateinamerikanischen Länder waren wie BRD und DDR ebenfalls Bühnen des Ost-West-Konflikts und im Untersuchungszeitraum Schauplätze einschneidender politischer Umbrüche im Kontext eines viel diskutierten "global moment". Quellenbasis bilden Artikel, Fotos und Karikaturen aus 17 Zeitungen und Zeitschriften, die mithilfe der Erkenntnisse der transnationalen und internationalen Perzeptionsforschung erstmals in diesem Zusammenhang ausgewertet wurden. Ergebnis ist eine sehr facettenreiche und komplexe Perzeption, die in den drei Ländern geprägt von der jeweils eigenen Geschichte und aktuellen Situation deutlich verschieden interpretiert und instrumentalisiert wird – in den konservativen Medien Nicaraguas unter anderem als Hilfe im Wahlkampf, in Paraguay als Orientierungspunkt beim weiteren politischen Übergang und in Chile in großen Teilen der Berichterstattung als Bestätigung der eigenen Fortschrittlichkeit. ; This dissertation analyses the print media coverage of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the German Reunification during the years 1989 and 1990 in Chile, Nicaragua and Paraguay. The three countries in Latin-America just as the Federal Republic of Germany and the DDR provided stages for the Cold War and witnessed dramatic political changes in the context of a much discussed "global moment" during the period of investigation. The sources, on which the dissertation is founded, are articles, photos and caricatures from 17 newspapers and magazines, that have for the first time been analyzed in this context based on the findings of the transnational and international studies of perception. The result is a multifaceted and complex perception that was interpreted and exploited by each of the three countries based on its unique history and status quo – in the conservative print media of Nicaragua as support of the election campaign, in ...

Maritime economic growth and increasing tourism economy Marine Highway program are supported. BPS data (2016) states the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia during January-April 2016 reached 3.52 million visits, up 7.51 percent compared with the number of foreign tourists in the same period in 2015, which totaled 3.27 million visits. Additionally related maritime economy, the data agency said the number of goods transported in domestic shipping April 2016 reached 20.8 million tons, up 1.98 percent compared to the previous month and rose 16.50 percent over the same month in 2015. Growth in Indonesia east must be used optimally by the Government to develop a model of economic integration Maritime and Tourism. This study aims at modeling, mapping and economic feasibility of the Maritime Economic Integration and Tourism in the area in order to improve the economy of Eastern Indonesia, with the manufacture of a Geographic Information System that supports the economic development. The study was conducted in the years 2017-2018, Year The first is modeling, mapping and analysis of the feasibility of Economic Integration Model Maritime and tourism in the area in order to improve the economy of eastern Indonesia. result in Research published in the Seminar / International Proceedings, International Journal Scopus indexed and submitted to the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights to obtain IPR Copyright on the application of Geographic Information Systems Integration development of Maritime Economy and Tourism in Eastern Indonesia

The usage of renewable energy sources (RESs) to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals requires a holistic transformation across all sectors. Due to the fluctuating nature of RESs, it is necessary to install more wind and photovoltaics (PVs) generation in terms of nominal power than would otherwise be required in order to ensure that the power demand can always be met. In a near fully RES-based energy system, there will be times when there is an inadequate conventional load to meet the overcapacity of RESs, which will lead to demand regularly being exceeded and thereby a surplus. One approach to making productive use of this surplus, which would lead to a holistic transformation of all sectors, is "sector coupling" (SC). This paper describes the general principles behind this concept and develops a working definition intended to be of utility to the international scientific community. Furthermore, a literature review provides an overview of relevant scientific papers on the topic. Due to the challenge of distinguishing between papers with or without SC, the approach adopted here takes the German context as a case study that can be applied to future reviews with an international focus. Finally, to evaluate the potential of SC, an analysis of the linking of the power and transport sectors on a worldwide, EU and German level has been conducted and is outlined here.

This paper interrogates the equation of women and peace through the prism of the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP). The Programme was initiated in 2010 and is scheduled to continue through 2018. It is designed to create the conditions for inclusion of the insurgency within the democratic system and provide a roadmap for peace. The APRP builds on one of the central justifications of the war: the liberation of Afghan women. It requires gender mainstreaming in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 and subsequent Resolutions, so as to include women in all stages of the process. The APRP underscores inevitable tensions between international and local standards that purport to ensure women's interests are protected in peacebuilding. The effort to impose gender mainstreaming on the peace process is emblematic of this tension. I argue that this effort has yielded partial gains for women who have internalized international perspectives on women's rights, but it signifies the exclusion of those who do not. UNSCRs 1325, 1820, 1888, 1889, 1960, 2106, and 2122 assume symmetry in the positions of men and women: but fail to address the complex ways in which gender is perceived by power relations within particular societies. Considering men and women as though they confront similar obstacles reifies disparities between them. Formal numerical inclusion in the APRP, as in other political processes, has not and cannot ensure changed practices.

This paper will attempt to analyze the current regional rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran by applying Power Transition Theory tweaked to be implemented in a regional manner. This paper will be divided into four sections, with some inter-lap in the middle sections. The first section will focus on a literature review of Power Transition Theory and the previous theories of International Relations that preceded it. This will include an analysis of the third image of war historically and under Kenneth Waltz and for Power Transition theory will focus on the works of Organshi, Lemke, Krugler and other contemporary academics. The second section of this paper will look at the historical context that shapes the contemporary issues of not only Saudi Arabia-Iran relations but as well as Sunni-Shia relations and Middle Eastern politics at large. The third section will focus primarily on the contemporary issues between the two countries including but not limited to; ethnoreligious divisions, regional hot conflicts and instability (as well as Iran and Saudi Arabia's involvement in them), and international oil markets. Lastly, this paper will apply Power Transition Theory to see whether or not there a burgeoning conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran is on the horizon or not. This paper will provide not only a predicative exercise of a specific conflict but also a contemporary check on a celebrated conflict theory. Discipline: Political Science Honours Faculty Mentor: Dr. Jean-Christophe Boucher

Introduction. In the article the state and prospects of Ukraine's investment and innovative safety under conditions of participation in Free Trade Area with European Union are explored.Purpose. To investigate the impact of participation in Free Trade Area with European Union on the state of Ukraine's investment and innovative safety, to disclose possible advantages and risks as a result of objective and subjective factors.Results. In the paper the state and possible advantages as well as risks of investment and innovative safety as a part of Ukraine's economic safety are analysed. Specified basic elements of investment and innovative policy including availability of financial resources for effective innovative activity; encouragement of small and medium-sized innovative businesses; stimulation of partnership between private sector and universities; support and development of international scientific-and-technological cooperation. Argued the possibilities for consolidation of Ukraine's investment and innovative safety due to eventual improvement of the conditions for innovative activity.Originality. In the article reasoned not only advantages from the participation in Free Trade Area but also possible risks in case if there are no measures to avoid factors carrying potential threat.Conclusion. Consolidation of investment and innovative safety is possible only when the state will provide certain development of scientific-and-technological potential enabling national producers to compete successfully in the international market. Under conditions of Ukraine's participation in Free Trade Area with EU the possibilities of the state for this somewhat rise. At the same time some risks can also occur.

This paper presents the main set-up and long-run results from a simple deterministic version of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of a small open economy in Kawamura (2017). The model assumes two types of households, one poor and the other non-poor. There are two types of energy used as both GDP input and consumption goods, one using a fossil-based resource (with a given international price) and another that uses public capital and that represents a non-standard, "clean" (i.e., non-fossil based) energy source. The paper reports the results from two types of policy makers. The .rst type corresponds to a benevolent and perfectly-committed government that sets complete plans of taxes, subsidies and public investment policies, including public infrastructure. The second type of policy maker is a politician that wins elections occurring in every period. Such politician implements policies promised at the electoral stage. This second policy-making process assumes that the politician can commit to policies only for the period in which she wins elections. The paper shows that a necessary condition for obtaining long-run growth in public capital, private capital, GDP and clean energy is that the international price of the resource increases steadily through time. Thus, both types of policy makers react to such increase by also steadily increasing the public investment.