Suchergebnisse

Germany has a very peculiar way of regulating insurance organizations -- a tight web of networks involving insurance groups, states, the government, affiliation organizations, & the insured both influence & counter-influence the insurance world. The author asks how the insured can affect their rights positively in the future; his theoretical basis lies in Hirschman's theory of exit & voice. The text traces the historical development of the insurance networks & tries to give future prognoses, while expanding on the consequences for the insurers & insured. The development of the insurance organizations will depend on the state; that of the insured on the amount of information made available to them. 2 Tables, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

The concept of global governance has gained a lot of attention in recent years. A cooperative mode of governance including national governments & civil society seemed to be the way to handle global problems including climate change. Ten years after the conference of Rio de Janeiro & shortly after the Johannesburg conference, the author evaluates the concept of global governance. Contrary to former hopes global governance has not been the key to global climate protection. Single powerful nation states like the US still have major influence. Nongovernmental organizations gained access to several international negotiations & made them public but their chance to control the governments is very limited. 13 References. Adapted from the source document.

In 1986 the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended an intersectoral understanding of health. This includes healthy circumstances, a coordinated approach, & support for health competence. The German expert commission on the health system has adopted this perspective, therefore focusing on local governments & cities as agents for healthy circumstances. The author describes the "Healthy Cities" network, which unites 50 local governments & more than 16 million people. Problematic are the lack of integration of social, environmental, & health activities, as well as the sectoral administration, which finds it difficult to deal with cross-sectoral tasks. An overall acceptance of these activities in politics & administration is still missing. 7 References. Adapted from the source document.

According to the author the main project for this parliament is to consolidate the state's finances, the rigorous policy of savings, & the reduction of the new indebtedness of the federal budget to zero by the year 2004. He outlines the reformed financial statement, the consolidation of the federal budget, the tax reform, the pension reform, & the work alliance from the point of view of the unions. He contends that there are many projects that the SPD (Social Democratic Party) can deal with in order to be attractive to employees in the parliamentary elections of 2002. With its election campaign, the SPD must win the middle but must not lose the majority. E. Sanchez

The application of exhibitions as instruments & catalysts for participative solutions of social problems is the theme of this article. It introduces the citizens' exhibition as a new participative process for citizens, showing citizens' views together with interview clips & pictures of the citizens & the district. Furthermore, it presents advantages & disadvantages of the process & its range of application, supported by several test runs in other states. The author outlines: (1) debate classification, (2) process description, (3) mode of operation of the process, & (4) empirical tests. He concludes that the citizens' exhibition with its artistic execution of real life situations invites the viewer to participate. 14 References. E. Sanchez

This article discusses one of the fundamental questions about journalism, which the author defines as the journalistic pact. This pact, involving the journalist & his/her readers, assumes that the spokesperson expresses the event as he/she saw it & the receptor accepts the way the event was expressed. The commitment between both obliges them to know & fulfill the contract to avoid anyone being dissatisfied. The journalist converts the facts into a story; by processing them he/she manipulates them, that is to say, he/she interprets, selects & organizes, prioritizes, & applies linguistic criteria requirements. The outcome of this subjective process is presented to the reader as verified & current fact. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractCountering the universalist tradition of rights, this paper examines a number of European jurisdictions from legal, historical and philosophical perspectives in order to determine whether there exists a common European conception of rights. Through a comparison of a number of specific rights the author observes that there are fundamental differences in the understanding of rights even within the Member States of the European Union. The assumption of rights as universal appears as unfounded as rights are not the same even in all parts of Europe. This conclusion has implications on issues like the Post-Nice Process, the limits of integration, EU enlargement and the use of human rights arguments in the EU external relations.

White corporate farm owners benefit from the racial, ethnic, & national division of labor that characterizes migrant workers across the US, fostering competition for the limited better-paying jobs & precluding worker solidarity. Focusing particularly on CA, the chapter examines the history of nonwhite migratory agricultural labor & of racist, exploitative labor relations, beginning with the nineteenth-century use of Native American & Asian workers. The author also discusses the modern corporatization of agriculture & the reorganization of farm labor toward multilevel divisions that maximize profits. The last section considers the rise of farmworker unions, especially the UFW, their battles with corporate agriculture interests, & their decline in influence over the last decade. 1 Appendix. K. Coddon

I. EinführungII. Modelle für eine strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung der VergangenheitIII. Die Bestrafung von Richtern wegen RechtsbeugungIV. Die Bestrafung von Richtern im japanischen RechtV. Die Unabhängigkeit des Richters ; This paper deals with the complex problems of prosecuting war crimes under national criminal law. The author points out that, unlike Germany, Japan has failed to charge and prosecute such crimes related to World War II under national law. There have been only international military tribunals like the famous Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal. Furthermore, he describes the difficulties of dealing with these matters under national and international law. He analyzes in great detail the limited options for prosecuting the misconduct of judges under such circumstances under national criminal law both in Germany and Japan.(The Editors)

This article examines the possibility of challenging the isomorphism of state/nation by questioning their necessary conjunction under the principle of territoriality. It defines the close relationship between citizenship, nationality, & sovereignty, & underlines the fact that contemporary liberalism stays closely related to the organizational principle of the united state, & does not challenge the territorial state as principle of political organization. The author suggests considering certain propositions of the Austrian social-democrats Karl Renner & Otto Bauer who advocate the dissociation of the nation with the state on the basis of a system oriented on personal autonomy, where the nation is not a territorial corporation but an association of persons. E. Sanchez

Discusses Grundrechtsentfaltung im Gesetz (Development of Basic Rights within the Law) by Matthias Jestaedt (1999), which deals with the development & theories of basic rights, & takes a stand against the dismantling of concise boundaries & differentiations. In the center of his examination stands the increased prominence of basic rights, the principle of proportionality, & the method of weighing. Jestaedt presents a theory of law & uses a methodology that adequately captures the given object -- basic laws -- & provide a legally binding interpretation. The author contends that today the traditional concept of a source of law & a hierarchy of rights, as well as the idea of a sole original law-generating source are long outdated. E. Sanchez