Suchergebnisse

Science journalists are mainly responsible for publicly communicating science, which, in turn, is a major indicator of the social development of democratic societies. The transmission of quality scientific information that is rigorously researched and understandable is therefore crucial, and demand for this kind of information from both governments and citizens is growing. We analyzed the academic profiles of a representative sample of practicing science journalists in Spain to clarify what training they had received and how they perceived the quality and scope of this training. Using an ethnographic methodology based on a survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with science journalists working for the main Spanish media (mainly printed press, audiovisual, Internet and news agencies), we analyze their academic backgrounds and collect information on their opinions and proposals. Our findings depict a complex and heterogeneous scenario and also reveal that most science journalists not only do not have any scientific training, but also do not even consider this to be necessary to exercise as science reporters. They also criticize the current system for training journalists and consider that the best way of learning the profession is by acquiring experience on the job.

Developments in digital technologies have altered teaching and learning environments, and will do so in the future. This text focuses on the issues related to the use of digital technologies in teaching the complex nature of social decisions, with particular attention to the use of digital role-play simulations

The two works under review attempt to describe the outlines of a post-positivist social science of the future. Against objectivist approaches, these books emphasize the importance of hermeneutics and the cultural turn to the social sciences. Social sciences must recognize collective understandings and human agency. However, while affirming the importance of an interpretivist approach, both of these works also suggest that objective institutional reality must be recognized by social scientists today. Meaningful human agency and objective structure must be encompassed by the social sciences. To this end, critical realism, originally promoted by Roy Bhaskar, figures prominently in both these books precisely because it is a theory which seems to be able to account for both agency and structure simultaneously. In fact, as both these books sometimes demonstrate, the dualistic approach represented by critical realism is flawed. By contrast, the hermeneutic approach advocated by Keith Topper and by some of the contributors to Steinmetz's collection provides an adequate explanation of institutional social reality in and of itself. Consequently, these books can be interpreted as pointing toward a hermeneutic social science of the future.

Neurosis can be interpreted as a methodological condition which any aim-pursuing entity can suffer from. If such an entity pursues a problematic aim B, represents to itself that it is pursuing a different aim C, and as a result fails to solve the problems associated with B which, if solved, would lead to the pursuit of aim A, then the entity may be said to be "rationalistically neurotic". Natural science is neurotic in this sense in so far as a basic aim of science is represented to be to improve knowledge of factual truth as such (aim C), when actually the aim of science is to improve knowledge of explanatory truth (aim B). Science does not suffer too much from this neurosis, but philosophy of science does. Much more serious is the rationalistic neurosis of the social sciences, and of academic inquiry more generally. Freeing social science and academic inquiry from neurosis would have far reaching, beneficial, intellectual, institutional and cultural consequences.

International audience ; In Europe as elsewhere in the world, genocide and mass violence have been a structural feature of the 20 th century. Building on the early development of the comparative and international research project Corpses of Mass violence and Genocide, this text questions the social legacy of mass violence by studying how different societies have coped with the first consequence of mass destruction : the mass production of cadavers. What status and what value have indeed been given to these corpses ? What political, social, religious and technical uses have been made of these dead bodies in soviet Gulag, in Franco's and then democratic Spain or in post-genocidal Rwanda, both during and after the massacres ? Bringing together the perspective of social anthropology, history and law, and raising the three main issues of destruction, identification and subsequently inscription of corpses within the frame of national heritage, this contribution aims to enlighten how various social and cultural treatments of dead bodies simultaneously challenge common representation, law and ethics as well as represent a new perspective in research. ; En Europe comme ailleurs dans le monde, les violences extrêmes ont représenté un phénomène majeur du xx e siècle. Prenant appui sur les premiers développements du projet de recherche international "Les cadavres dans les violences de masse et les génocides", ce texte s'interroge sur la postérité des violences de masse en étudiant comment différentes sociétés ont composé avec la première conséquence de ces destructions : la production massive de cadavres. Quels statuts symboliques et sociaux ont été accordés aux cadavres ? Quels usages politiques, religieux, sociaux ou technologiques ont été faits des corps morts au Goulag, dans l'Espagne franquiste puis démocratique ou au Rwanda de l'après-génocide, durant et à l'issue des massacres ? Associant des approches anthropologiques, historiques et juridiques, et s'attachant aux trois questions de la destruction, de la recherche et de la patrimonialisation des cadavres, cette contribution propose d'éclairer comment différents traitements sociaux du corps mort sont simultanément venus défier les représentations vernaculaires de la mort, le droit et la morale, tout autant qu'ils sont venus créer un nouveau champ de recherches.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- Preface -- Part I: Conceptual generalization -- Chapter 1: Conceptual generalizations -- 1.1 What is a conceptual model? -- 1.2 How can we develop a conceptual model? -- 1.2.1 Various conceptual models -- 1.2.2 Case studies -- 1.2.3 Empirical causal models -- 1.2.3.1 Generalization -- 1.2.3.2 Association -- 1.2.3.3 Attribution -- 1.3 A typology and strategy for the development of conceptual models -- 1.4 A strategy for the development of a conceptual model -- Concluding comments -- Practical implications -- Theoretical implications -- Part II: How to write a winning conceptual thesis -- Chapter 2: General considerations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Driving forces in the research process -- 2.3 Knowledge development -- 2.4 The study wheel -- Concluding comments -- Exercises -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Research problems and questions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Thorough preparation is half the solution -- 3.3 Problems -- 3.4 Problem system -- Concluding comments -- Exercises -- Chapter 4: Analysis of the research problem -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The start of the process of asking questions -- 4.3 Problem relationships -- 4.4 Problem solutions -- Concluding comments -- Exercises -- Chapter 5: Our mental tools -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Constructs -- 5.2.1 Concepts -- 5.2.2 Propositions and theories -- 5.3 Use of constructs in research -- Concluding comments -- Exercises -- Chapter 6: Suggestions for developing research strategies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The first step in a research strategy -- 6.3 What is a scientific method? -- 6.4 The different approaches to research -- Concluding comments -- Exercises -- Note -- Chapter 7: The main types of errors -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Problem formulation -- 7.3 Models -- 7.4 Analysis -- 7.5 Synthesis.

International audience ; What drives some people to "perpetrate violence"? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the "old" opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied-not without artifice-by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.

International audience ; What drives some people to "perpetrate violence"? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the "old" opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied-not without artifice-by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.

International audience ; What drives some people to "perpetrate violence"? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the "old" opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied-not without artifice-by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.

International audience ; What drives some people to "perpetrate violence"? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the "old" opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied-not without artifice-by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.

Climate change has become one of the most polarizing issues in recent years and has become a topic of political division (Pew Research Centre, 2014). This research examines the potential relationships between perceived polarization and endorsing non-normative collective actions regarding climate change mitigation. Research suggests that when people perceive others as extreme, they are less optimistic about discussion, (Robinson et al., 1995), and more likely to endorse conflict escalating non-normative actions (e.g., blockades) over cooperative normative actions (e.g., petitions) because they believe their adversaries are incapable of objective reasoning (Kennedy & Pronin, 2008). We hypothesized that those who perceived greater polarization would be more likely to endorse non-normative collective political action. In this correlational study, 231 undergraduate participants completed an online self-report survey, which measured their degrees of personal polarization and perceived polarization of others, their position on climate change mitigation efforts, and their level of support for normative and non-normative political actions advocating for their position on climate change mitigation efforts. The results did not support our predictions; indeed, some effects were counter to hypotheses. Although those with more extreme personal attitudes supported both normative and non-normative action more than those with less extreme attitudes, those who perceived greater extremity in others' positions endorsed non-normative actions less. Perceived extremity of others did not relate to endorsement of normative action. Faculty Mentor: Craig Blatz Department: Psychology NOTE: This work is available as an abstract only.