Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена истории организованного переселения красноармейцев Белорусского военного округа на земли Кубани и Ставрополья, опустевшие в результате депортаций местного населения и голода начала 1930-х гг. Раскрыты причины переселений красноармейцев, прошедших службу в Белорусском военном округе, механизмы организации переселенческих процессов. На основе архивного материала, значительная часть которого введена в научный оборот впервые, рассмотрены вопросы организации жизни и быта переселенцев, их взаимоотношения с местным населением, степень адаптации переселенцев к новым условиям. В статье убедительно показано, что задача восстановления демографического баланса в регионе путем плановых переселений в полной мере также не была реализована. Административный подход оказался малоэффективным, поскольку не учитывал многих факторов, прежде всего субъективного характера. Противоречия в отношениях местного населения и переселенцев осложняли хозяйственно-экономическую адаптацию и деятельность. В целом стабилизация социально-политической и экономической ситуации на Кубани и Ставрополье хотя и была достигнута, но путем значительных жертв и лишений. ; The article is devoted to the history of the organized relocation of the Red Army of the Belarusian Military District in the Kuban and Stavropol land, empty as a result of the deportations of the local population and the famine of the early 1930's. The reasons of migrations of the Red Army, who served in the Belorussian Military District, mechanisms of resettlement processes. On the basis of archival material, much of which was put into scientific circulation for the first time, the issues of organization of life and living conditions of immigrants and their relationship with the local population, the degree of migrants adapt to new conditions. The article clearly shows that the task of restoring the demographic balance in the region by the planned relocations in full just has not been implemented. Administrative approach proved ineffective because it does not take into account the many factors-primarily subjective. The contradictions in the attitude of the local population and migrants complicated economic-economic adjustment and operation. In general stabilization of the socio-political and economic situation in the Kuban and Stavropol although it was achieved, but through significant sacrifices and deprivations.

Данная статья отражает исследовательский интерес к коммуникативным стратегиям и их тактикам в парламентских дебатах Германии, Великобритании и Европейского союза. Актуальность темы определяется значимостью политической коммуникации для современного общества как социально структурирующей деятельности. Целью исследования является описание речевых стереотипов современных политиков в коммуникативных рамках дебатов в парламентах на актуальные темы: терроризм и миграция. Исследовательская гипотеза базируется на предположении, что стратегии и тактики, употребляемые политиками, носят универсальный характер для парламентской коммуникации и не зависят от национальности говорящих и тематики дебатов. Выбор соответствующей стратегии скорее зависит от принадлежности депутата к определенному политическому движению (партии, фракции и т. д.) и его речевых привычек. Отсюда вытекает и комплексный подход к изучению универсального характера стратегий в прагма-риторическом аспекте. При этом исследовательский акцент делается на интерперсональном и аргументативно-пропозициональном планах. Анализ осознаваемых выборов политиками лингвистических единиц лексического и синтаксического уровня, лежащих в основе коммуникативных стратегий и их тактик, позволяет выявить универсальный характер стратегий, применяемых в различных парламентах. ; This article reflects the research interest in communication strategies and tactics in the parliamentary debates in Germany, the UK and the European Union. The theme urgency is determined by the importance of political communication for modern society as a socially structuring activity. The purpose of the study is to describe the speech stereotypes of the modern politicians in the communication framework of the parliaments on the topical issues: terrorism and migration. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the strategies and tactics which are used by politicians are universal for parliamentary communication and do not depend on speakers' nationality and debate topics. The choice of the most appropriate strategy depends on the deputies' belonging to a particular political movement (a party, a fraction, etc.) and speech habits. Hence it follows an integrated approach to the study of the universal nature of the strategies in the pragmatic-rhetorical aspect. At the same time the research focuses on interpersonal and argumentative-propositional plans. The analysis of the politicians' conscious choices of linguistic units of lexical and syntactic levels underpinning communicative strategies and tactics reveals the universal character of the strategies used in the various parliaments.

Thailand is experiencing more acute population aging than most developing Asian countries. Its population aged 60 and older is anticipated to grow from 10% in 2000 to 38% by 2050. Meanwhile, the oldest-old population that is most likely to require long-term care (LTC) is estimated to increase tenfold during the first half of the 21st century. Family has remained a linchpin of support for Thai elders with LTC needs. Given population aging and other demographic trends such as smaller family size, migration of adult children, and lengthening survival at older ages, policy makers are concerned how such socio-demographic changes may have implications for familial support for older persons with LTC needs and in turn, the wellbeing of the elderly. The Thai government has thus far played a limited role in addressing LTC. While Thailand's recent National Plan for Older Persons recognizes the importance of LTC management, empirical evidence to support such policy planning remains lacking. This study provides a situation analysis of recent LTC needs among older persons in Thailand based on nationally representative surveys. Specifically, we examine prevalence of self-care disability (i.e., elderly with difficulty in activities of daily living) and how such disability varies by socio-demographic characteristics of older persons. Moreover, we assess patterns of caregiving, whether care needs are met, and who primarily takes care of older Thais with LTC needs. We are particularly interested in whether older persons with ADL disability take care of him/herself, or whether they have family members (spouse, children, other relatives) or others (friends, paid carers) as the main caregiver. Furthermore, we examine how types of familial and non-familial caregivers and the quality of caregiving (measured by caregiving knowledge) are associated with the wellbeing of older persons with self-care disability. Our analysis is based primarily on the 2014 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand (SOPT), which is the fifth in a series of Thai government surveys of older persons. The sample consists of 34,173 persons aged 60 and over, of which, 2,020 report having self-care disability.

Unmanaged wild reindeer populations tend to follow cyclical behaviour, and domesticatedreindeer populations often show cyclical behaviour, too. In this contribution, we intendto use the long-term development of two areas in northern Scandinavia to explore howexternally imposed policies and winter climate variability have influenced the reindeer herdsize and pasture state. We do this by comparing the development in two areas that are rathersimilar ecologically: Torneträsk in northernmost Sweden and Kautokeino (Vest-Finnmark)in northernmost Norway.Climatic and ecological studies as well as commons theory have been useful tools forunderstanding the inherent socio-ecological dynamics. Especially the time from 1850 to1940 includes several short periods when historical sources document combinations ofevents such as (1) closure of national borders to cross-border herding migrations, (2) relo-cations of herder households, (3) overutilization of lichen pastures, (4) catastrophic winters,and (5) forced herd reductions. The high number of incidents and actions during this eramakes it challenging to disentangle causes and effects.Our main findings are based on the documented effects of international events and con-sequent government policies and actions in Fennoscandia from 1852 to 1921 which haddramatic consequences, including excessive numbers of reindeer and people in north-ernmost Sweden, leading to more or less forced relocation southwards in Sweden withcascading effects in large parts of Sápmi. We have found clear indications that this con-tributed to overutilization of lichen pastures and beyond any reasonable doubt must alsohave reinforced the effects of several of the documented catastrophic climatic events, espe-cially in areas like Torneträsk to where many families from Finnmark were relocated. Fromthe first border closure in 1852 to the Second World War it thus seems as if the shocks fromthe political events were the main factor determining the development of reindeer herdingin large parts of Sápmi. The political and administrative history is well documented. Ourclimate data are a unique compilation of climate events based on multiple sources duringtwo centuries, which contribute to the validity of our findings. Our pasture state data fromthe late-1800s are also based on several sources which support each other. Reindeer herding, Adaptation, Political shocks, Climate events, Pasture state ; acceptedVersion

Ćamil Sijarić's novel is ending with Mojkovac battle, as the decisive battle of the Sandzak army in the First World War, since everything, previously narrated is leading towards it. Facts about the results of the battle, after soldiers' going to the battlefield and a picture of their return are displayed to a reader, instead of strategy, tactics and microanalysis of the battle. Thus, the author is focused on the meaning of Mojkovac battle and its contextualization, not only within the First World War, but also in the context of the prior Serbian history. On the one hand, novel's lyrical moments permanently strive to shape a legend, and, on the other, description of Lim, the watch-tower, a hero's cap and the flag are getting historical perspective. Enlightening the tragedy of such a choice (battle instead of capitulation) and motivation of the choice, as well as prehistory of his heroes, Sijaric made an exquisite picture of Sandzak's collective in which we recognize an ethical dimension of Kosovo's archetype and The Mountain Wreath. Njegos depicted the killing of converts to Islam in the context of Kosovo's oath, as Sijaric presented Mojkovac battle considering Kosovo, killing of converts to Islam, Ottoman's time and migration of Serbs. Scholars did not elaborate the thesis that Njegos's epic and Kosovo's archetype are the subtext of Mojkovac battle, although the meaning of battle which Sijaric's novel enquired should be read just in that key, which is, at the same time, testimony about Sijaric's humanistic reading of The Mountain Wreath and about spontaneously realized influences in the system of values existing within the same culture. Implicit dialogue between Mojkovac battle and The Mountain Wreath is seen in the concrete motives, in the manner of presentation of the historical event and, above everything, through the values which novel affirms. These facts, as we shall present, contribute to perceiving the battle in the First World War in the tradition of permanent fights for the freedom which were led on the Serbian territory until that moment.

Neste trabalho apresento os percalços pelos quais passei durante a etnografia multi-situada iniciada em 2000. No início busquei representações dos Dekasegui brasileiros acerca de sua identidade ao circular entre países opostos pelo globo, Brasil e Japão. Conheci uma família Okinawana em Londrina – PR que ressaltou o contraste identitário. Trata-se de um grupo cultural e etnicamente distinto, cujo passado histórico de independência política e intensas relações diplomáticas e comerciais fizeram com que o reino de Ryukyu fosse conhecido como a terra da cortesia. Internamente chamado de Uchinaa ou uma corda no mar, possui privilegiada e estratégica posição geográfica, a porta do pacífico. Enquanto os Nikkey são discriminados pelos japoneses, fazendo com que ocorra uma negociação identitária no sentido de serem japoneses no Brasil e Brasileiros no Japão, entre os Uchinaanchu pude perceber que os laços de socialidade formam um tecido vinculando diversos países. Reflito acerca dos desafios de uma etnografia multi-situada buscando compreender o processo de construção da rede Transnacional Okinawana. Palavras - chave: Transnacionalismo. Migração. Etnografia Multisituada. Okinawa. Japão.Building the Transnational Uchinaanchu Network: a multi-sited ethnographyAbstractIn this paper I present the struggles I went through during the multi-sited ethnography started in 2000. At first sought representations of Brazilian dekasegui about their identity to circulate between opposing countries across the globe, Brazil and Japan. I met an Okinawan Family in Londrina –PR who stressed the identity contrast. It is a culturally and ethnically distinct group whose past history of political independence and intense diplomatic and trade relations have caused the Ryukyu Kingdom was known as the land of courtesy. Internally called Uchinaa or a rope in the sea, has a privileged and strategic geographical position, the Pacific's door. While the Nikkei are broken down by the Japanese, making occurs an identity negotiation in the sense of being japonese in Brazil and Brazilians in Japan, among Uchinaanchu became apparent that sociality ties form a tissue linking several countries. I reflect on the challenges of a multi-situated ethnography trying to understand the process of building Transnational Okinawan network.Key words: Transnationalism. Migration. Multi-sited Ethnography. Okinawas. Japan.

This article's central concern is to consider the geographic 'margins' in relationship to state governance in Pakistan. In doing so, it gestures toward wider theoretical lessons that can be drawn through ethnographic explorations of Karachi's periphery and of Pak–Iran border towns such as Taftan located in the province of Baluchistan. Central to the discussion is the idea of mobility. The article considers three different types of mobility across Pakistan set in the broader context of Central-South Asian historical connectivities. First is the movement of 'illicit' commodities such as diesel across Pakistan's border with Iran, forced migrations across Pakistan's northwest region in relationship to the war on terror, and finally, the role of road networks in mediating mobilities: in short, mobility is considered across commodities, displacement, and infrastructure. How do these Asian mobilities shed light on the state? The idea of the margins is particularly helpful in theorizing the role of the state. These are liminal zones of creativity where money can be made but are also fraught with risk and conflict because they are beyond the reach of formal governance. The article opens with a history of Karachi and its surrounding regions, including its colonial past and the making of the Indus River which has always been of geopolitical importance. It then moves to a discussion of the diesel trade in the region. The flow of Iranian diesel into Karachi via towns like Taftan in Baluchistan represents a mingling of actors—mercenaries, drug traffickers, and diesel merchants—and the Pakistani state's failure to sufficiently control this flow, which has become a lucrative business for some and a lifeline for others across Baluchistan and in Karachi's periphery. The article then prefaces the role of infrastructure and its relationship with modernity and the Pakistani state. In conclusion, the article argues the margins should not be seen as being 'outside' of the nation-state or as some kind of 'exceptional' space. Rather they should be understood as constitutive of the state's very 'inside' precisely because they are beyond its reach.

Entre 1973 et 1985, l'Uruguay a vu sa vie politique interrompue par un coup d'État civil et militaire, qui est rapidement devenu une dictature militaire. Ce travail cherche à étudier les caractéristiques démographiques de cette période et de la décennie précédente (1963-1985) et entend décrire l'évolution des principales composantes démographiques. Pour l'analyse démographique, l'article s'appuie sur une information élaborée sur la base des recensements de population et des statistiques démographiques nationales. Pour l'analyse des politiques, ont été principalement consultés les journaux des sessions du Conseil d'État, institution qui a été créée par le gouvernement militaire pour remplacer le Parlement. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que, bien que les trois principales variables démographiques aient subi des modifications, la migration est le phénomène qui a connu le changement le plus significatif et a contribué, dans une plus grande mesure, à changer les tendances de l'évolution générale de la population pendant cette période. L'effet combiné des niveaux décroissants de la mortalité et de la fécondité et le maintien d'un solde migratoire négatif pendant une période prolongée ont déterminé un rythme de croissance lente de la population, et même une diminution de celle-ci pendant une brève période qui a suivi le coup militaire. Toutefois, la dictature civile et militaire n'a pas eu une doctrine propre sur la question de la population. De la même façon que d'autres régimes autoritaires du sud de l'Amérique, ces gouvernements ont mis en œuvre des politiques de répression des personnes mais ont eu dans le même temps des politiques libérales sur plusieurs questions et, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les questions économiques. L'émigration de la décennie 1970 a été favorisée par une combinaison de causes économiques et politiques (de fuite à la violence de l'État autoritaire), sans qu'il soit possible de tracer la frontière entre ces deux déterminants. Cela étant dit, les effets sociaux et démographiques de cette émigration ont perduré bien au-delà des années de répression et sont devenus des caractéristiques structurelles qui marquent profondément le profil de la société uruguayenne.

International audience ; At the end of the first century BC, Ephesus became the Roman capital of Asia Minor and the most important commercial, religious, and cultural center of the region. In order to evaluate the status of anthropogenic fluxes in the port of Ephesus, a 12 m long sediment core drilled in the Roman basin was investigated to shed light on the paleo-environmental evolution of the harbor using grain size distri-bution analysis, 14 C ages, major and trace element geochemistry, and Pb isotope compositions. With the help of complementary sedimentological data and Principal Component Analysis, five distinct units were identified which, together, reflect the different stages of water history in the harbor. Among the major disruptive events affecting the port were earthquakes and military events, both of which were partic-ularly effective at destroying the water distribution system. Seasonal floods of the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) were the major source of the silt that progres-sively infilled the harbor. Silting in was further enhanced by the westward migration of the river mouth. A single major disruptive event located at 550 cm core depth and heralding the development of anoxia in the harbor marks the end of the dynamic regime that otherwise controlled the harbor water throughout the Roman Empire period. This remarkable event may correspond to a major disruption of the aqueduct system or to a brutal avulsion of the Cayster River bed. It clearly represents a major disturbance in the history of life at Ephesus. It is poorly dated, but probably occurred during the reign of Augustus or shortly after. Lead isotope and trace metal evidence suggest that in the four bottom units pollution was subdued with respect to other Pb metal inputs, presumably those from aqueducts and natural karstic springs. Near the top of the core, which coincides with harbor abandonment and the more recent period, anthropogenic Pb contam-ination is clearly visible in both Pb abundances and isotopic compositions.

The present study is one of the first academic efforts to systematically study the causes of the massive human rights violations that Rohingyas have suffered in Myanmar over the past half a century. While most of the existing literature treat the "Rohingya problem" mainly as a case of forced migration or de jure statelessness, I trace it back to colonial times and the immediate post- independence period, demonstrating that it is a sedimented problem involving different players at different critical junctures.The study is informed by broad social theories of rationalism, structuralism and culturalism. It reviews the literature on political repression (the most advanced sub-field of political science on human rights violations), and finds that it has two serious gaps: its sole focus upon violations of dissidents' physical integrity rights, and an overly narrow conception of 'threat', which is defined in political power terms alone. I extend the possible repertoire of human rights violations to include also other categories of rights. I then draw from theories of identity, demographic insecurity and threat perception and construction, and conclude that threats may be defined also in cultural/ethnic/religious terms.I argue that the violations of the Rohingyas' human rights over the past half a century are rooted in rationalist political calculations and demographic insecurities of the Myanmar – and more recently also Rakhine – authorities; structural imbalances between Rakhines and Rohingyas, as well as between central Bamar-dominated governments and Rakhine State; the conflicting cultural identities of Rohingya Muslims and the Buddhist majority in Myanmar; and discriminatory and persecutory citizenship documentation policies and practices specifically targeting Rohingyas. Prior to 2012, the "causers" were mainly the central government and its agents based in Rakhine State. More recently, however, Rakhines, both leaders and local communities, as well as nationalist Buddhist monks and other anti-Rohingya or anti-Muslim Buddhists, have also come to play a prominent role, expressing vehement opposition to any form of recognition, respect, protection or fulfillment by the government of the Rohingyas' human rights.

International audience ; At the end of the first century BC, Ephesus became the Roman capital of Asia Minor and the most important commercial, religious, and cultural center of the region. In order to evaluate the status of anthropogenic fluxes in the port of Ephesus, a 12 m long sediment core drilled in the Roman basin was investigated to shed light on the paleo-environmental evolution of the harbor using grain size distri-bution analysis, 14 C ages, major and trace element geochemistry, and Pb isotope compositions. With the help of complementary sedimentological data and Principal Component Analysis, five distinct units were identified which, together, reflect the different stages of water history in the harbor. Among the major disruptive events affecting the port were earthquakes and military events, both of which were partic-ularly effective at destroying the water distribution system. Seasonal floods of the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) were the major source of the silt that progres-sively infilled the harbor. Silting in was further enhanced by the westward migration of the river mouth. A single major disruptive event located at 550 cm core depth and heralding the development of anoxia in the harbor marks the end of the dynamic regime that otherwise controlled the harbor water throughout the Roman Empire period. This remarkable event may correspond to a major disruption of the aqueduct system or to a brutal avulsion of the Cayster River bed. It clearly represents a major disturbance in the history of life at Ephesus. It is poorly dated, but probably occurred during the reign of Augustus or shortly after. Lead isotope and trace metal evidence suggest that in the four bottom units pollution was subdued with respect to other Pb metal inputs, presumably those from aqueducts and natural karstic springs. Near the top of the core, which coincides with harbor abandonment and the more recent period, anthropogenic Pb contam-ination is clearly visible in both Pb abundances and isotopic compositions.

В статье изложены наблюдения по поводу современного подхода к проблеме развития племенных структур у славян и связи их с процессом политогенеза у славян. Автор ставит вопрос – под какую категорию, с этнической точки зрения, попадают племена, входившие в состав древнерусских городов-государств (меря, голядь и т. д.)? По его мнению, пока без сомнения мы можем говорить лишь об этническом сознании надплеменного уровня, а на уровне племени этническое сознание не фиксируется. Племена славян отнюдь не были разрушены в ходе Великого переселения народов, как сохранились и германские племена. В российской историографии племенные структуры рассматривают во взаимоотношениях с общиной, городом и государством. Последующие социальные организмы хранят в себе ясные следы племенной структуры. Яркий пример здесь ― Господин Великий Новгород, устройство которого можно понять только с учетом древнего племенного деления. Изучение племенных и общинных структур позволит прояснить характер ранних славянских «государств»: державы Само, Великоморавского государства и т. д. ; The article provides observations about the modern approach to the problem of the development of tribal structures among the Slavs and their connection with the process of the Slavs' politogenesis. The Author raises a problem: what was the category of the ancient tribes of The Eastern Europe in terms of the ethnical processes? Who were the tribes, entered into the composition of the towns-states of the Anciet Rus'? There are no apprehensions, that at the level of a tribe we cannot find the ethinic consciousness. It was at the under tribe level only. Slavonic tribes weren't destroyed during the Great Migration of Peoples. German tribes were remained too. In Russian historiography all tribal structures were considered in their interrelations with commons, cities and state. All following social structures saved the clear tracks of tribes. The bright example – Novgorod the Great. It's political and social organization we should understand in the context of the ancient tribal division. Studying of tribal and common structures should clear up the character of the early Slavonic states: "state of Samo", "Great Moravia State" etc.

[EN] This paper studies online communities who share an interest in having and define a part of the world, a wide range that combines protest and social policies, solidarity interests and artistic projects. Today the territory is no longer owned by public administrations, geographers and urban planners. The democratization of techniques to search the place, has made possible a new generation of fans cartographers, flooding the network with collaborative, free and editable maps. During the last decades we have studied the complex relations of people with space living in extreme conditions: exiles, migrations, dangerous borders, indigenous peoples and land rights. It seems that this second decade of the century is also interested in the ethnography of the place, not only for how people live, perceive, and invest, but also for the survival of the oceans, the survival of endangered species, defending human rights in Iran, or the associations that share gardens and jobs. Maps fascinate us because they tell stories. The bottom-up currents facilitate multiple narrators, and creating communities that foster exchanges and reaffirm the authority of individual efforts outside the institution and the larger companies. Faced with the maps that have defined the world for decades, now each are the center of our own cartographic worlds: all distances are measured from the point where we are, and from there the whole reorganizes and changes of scale . Planning the world is a way to appropriate it, and the fact it develops around us makes us protagonists of history we have. It may be this new anthropocentrism 2.0 which favors many of these amateur communities to map and study the world share an ecological, social or joint interest. These new representations of the world beyond the territory defined by adding multiple layers of meaning. If the maps so far have told the story of how the world gained its appearance, it is likely that collaborative neocartography tell us the stories of the lives and interests of its inhabitants. ...

Abstract Philippine Navy installations are strategically located all over the country, and are oftentimes the only authority figure in the area. Hence, this puts them in a position to help out in the protection of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Last January 17, 2013, the Tubbataha Reef Natural Park (TRNP) was devastated with the grounding of the USS Guardian, a United States Navy Minesweeper vessel. Nearly three months after the said incident, F/V Ming Long Yu, a Chinese fishing vessel got stuck on the North Atoll on April 8, 3013. These devastations reflect a breach of the legal framework for the establishment and management of protected areas in our country by virtue of Republic Act 7586 otherwise known as the National Integrated Protected System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. The composite law enforcement team in the TRNP is composed of four personnel from the Philippine Navy, two from the Philippine Coast Guard, and two from the Tubbataha Management Office. The MPR enforces the TRNP Act in the park and make up the first line of authority. This qualitative research aims to determine the roles of the Philippine Navy (PN) in the protection of MPAs, particularly the case of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), in terms of compliance and enforcement activities. This is anchored on the principle of environmental security, which is concerned with relative safety from environmental change caused by natural or human processes due to ignorance, accident, mismanagement or design and originating within or across national borders (Ullman, 1983). This is one of the six branches of non-traditional national security threats together with International Terrorism, Trans-national Organized Crime, Illegal Migration, Energy Security, and Human Security. It is a fact that at present, there had been several violations that have occurred in the waters of TRNP, and it is the major concern of this study to find out the roles played by the Philippine Navy in serving as vanguard of the environment on the extent of enforcement and compliance to ...

Abstract Background Small-scale agriculture, government entitlements, and livelihood opportunities offered by rapid economic growth shape the food security and wellbeing of people in rural India. This paper analyses this ongoing process of agrarian development from the perspective of three major approaches: the food availability approach, the entitlement and livelihood approach, and food sovereignty. We draw on quantitative and qualitative data collected from 68 households in rural Tamil Nadu on landholding and management, farm diversity, agricultural production, food availability, off-farm employment, rural out-migration, objective and subjective wellbeing, and socioeconomic and demographic profile of respondents. Results Rural households were classified in four categories, based on their engagement in agriculture and off-farm employment, to understand the interplay between food sufficiency and wellbeing. The households solely based on small-scale agriculture were found to have higher food sufficiency, landholding, and crop diversity, but lower monthly income and wellbeing. The households that were engaged in off-farm employment in addition to agriculture were found to have lower food sufficiency, landholding, and crop diversity, yet they exhibited better wellbeing and higher income. The landless households, which were primarily engaged in off-farm labour, work in distant markets had higher income than households solely engaged in farming. However, they had the lowest wellbeing index among all household types. The findings indicated that the impacts of women's participation in local or distant employment schemes on household food security and wellbeing were complex and shaped by the household's engagement in agriculture and their aspirations for a better quality of life. Conclusions None of the three food security approaches provides a fully satisfactory basis for interventions aimed at enhancing the capacity of small and marginal farmers to achieve food security and meet their aspirations for wellbeing in the research area, although the entitlements and livelihoods approach has had a significant impact on local possibilities for livelihoods diversification. The study demonstrates that the interaction between food security and the subjective wellbeing of farmers is complex and shaped by the productivity of small-scale agriculture and livelihood aspirations of farm households.