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"Voprosy Istorii" history journal presents two documents within our Chronicle of the Great Victory (1941-1945). The first one is operational summary No. 01 on 22.06.1941 of the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, Army General G.K. Zhukov. In it, he reported the position of the troops at 10:00 a.m. on the first day of the Great Patriotic War on the Northern, Northwestern, Western, Southwestern fronts and on the Soviet-Romanian border. The second one is operational summary No. 01 of the Chief of Staff of the 9th Army, Major General MV Zakharov, on the situation on the Soviet-Romanian border at 9 a.m. on June 22. The documents are contained in Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

On 21/22 January 1944, RAF Bomber Command conducted an area-bombing attack on the city of Magdeburg. The outcome was hardly pleasing, marked by high losses and inaccurate bombing. However, most notable was the rancorous aftermath, in which a full-blown row would erupt between the Air Ministry and Bomber Command Headquarters. This stemmed from the Air Staff perceiving that Sir Arthur Harris had 'crossed a red line' in his non-cooperation with their bombing policy. But the truth was much less clear-cut, as this article will show. Nonetheless, the Magdeburg operation led to a new Directive on 28 January 1944, which would force Harris's cooperation in a combined Anglo-American assault against the German aircraft industry.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Jan Jaap de Ruiter -- Introduction -- I. The Qur'anic Ethics of "Nature": Gender, Sexuality, and Diversity -- 1a. Human Nature: Mirroring the Will of God -- 1b. Condemnation of "Immoral" Practices -- II. Distressing Qur'anic Verses? -- 2a. The Original Sodomy: Forbidding Ritual Rape -- 2b. The Absence of Female Homosexuality in the Qur'an -- 2c. Positive Representations of Gender Minorities in the Qur'an -- III. The Prophet: A Living Incarnation of Qur'anic Ethics -- 3a. Was the Prophet Homophobic and Transphobic? -- 3b. The Status of Mukhannathun: "Effeminate," Trans, or Gay? -- 3c. The First "Sodomite": Neither Gay nor Trans, but a Rapist -- IV. Islamic Apocrypha Advocating the Stoning of "Sodomites" -- 4a. The Sectarian Ideology of Fatwas Associating "Sodomy" with Apostasy -- 4b. A Former Mukhannath's Internalized Homophobia and Misogyny -- 4c. What the Different Islamic Schools of Thought Advocate -- V. Postcolonial Orientalisms -- VI. "Abnormals": From Cultural Diversity to Dogmatic Uniformity -- VII. Towards a Structural Reevaluation of Cultural Values -- VIII. Pan-Arabist Literary and Identity Censorship -- IX. Orientalist Shi'ism and Literary Homoeroticism -- X. Homonationalism and Performative Sexual Categorization -- XI. A "Crisis" of Categories, Geopolitics or Civilization -- Conclusion -- Afterword -- Adi S. Bharat -- Bibliography -- Index -- List of Figures -- Figure 1 Hadith classification -- Figure 2 Chains of narration of apocryphal hadiths concerning mukhannathun -- Figure 3 Chains of narration of apocryphal hadiths condemning 'sodomites' -- Figure 4 Apocryphal hadiths concerning the execution or stoning of 'sodomites'.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary: The Elusive Promise of Productivity -- 1. Sources of Growth in Agriculture -- Improving Agricultural Productivity: Traversing the Last Mile toward Reducing Extreme Poverty -- Poverty Reduction, Productivity Growth, and Economic Transformation -- Trends in Land and Labor Productivity -- Conceptualizing Sources of Agricultural Growth -- The Increasing Importance of TFP in Driving Agricultural Output Growth -- What Will Accelerate Agricultural TFP? -- Annex 1A. Issues in Measuring Agricultural Productivity -- Notes -- References -- 2. Misallocation and Productivity Growth -- The Potential for Productivity Gains from Reallocation -- Insights on Farm Size and Productivity -- Labor Productivity and Structural Transformation -- Annex 2A. Microdata Sources for Measuring Labor Productivity in China and India -- Annex 2B. Distribution of Workdays by Farm and Nonfarm Activities in a Typical Month for an Average Adult Worker in India -- Annex 2C. Labor Productivity Differences by Farm Size -- Annex 2D. Labor Productivity Differences by Education Level -- Annex 2E. Drivers of Wage Differentials between Farm and Nonfarm Work in China -- Notes -- References -- 3. Investing in Innovation -- Agriculture Innovation Policy in a Changing Global Context -- Agriculture R& -- D Spending Worldwide: Increasing but Uneven -- Revitalizing Public Research -- Providing Incentives for Private Innovation -- Concluding Remarks -- Annex 3A. Market Liberalization in Africa's Maize Seed Industry -- Annex 3B. Do Plant Breeders' Rights Stimulate Investment in Crop Improvement? -- Annex 3C. Herbicide Demand and Regional Harmonization of Regulations in Africa -- Notes -- References -- 4. Improving the Enabling Environment for Technology Adoption.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- PROGRAM DISCUSSIONS -- A. Fiscal Policy -- B. Electricity and Water Sector Policies -- C. Monetary and Financial Policy -- D. Structural Reforms to Enhance Inclusive Growth -- PROGRAM MODALITIES AND FINANCING -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Income Tax Reform -- 2. Energy Sector Reform -- FIGURES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators -- 2. Program Performance -- 3. Outlook and Risks -- 4. Monetary Developments, 2013-19 -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators and Macroeconomic Outlook, 2017-24 -- 2a. Central Government: Summary of Fiscal Operations, 2017-24 (In millions of Jordanian dinars) -- 2b. Central Government: Summary of Fiscal Operations, 2017-24 (In percent of GDP) -- 2c. Central Government: Summary of Quarterly Fiscal Operations, 2018-20 -- 2d. NEPCO Operating Balance and Financing, 2017-24 -- 2e. WAJ and Distribution Companies Balance and Financing, 2017-24 -- 3a. Summary Balance of Payments, 2017-24 -- 3b. External Financing Requirements and Sources, 2017-24 -- 3c. Foreign Exchange Needs and Sources, 2017-24 -- 3d. Identified Sources of Public External Financing, 2017-24 -- 4a. Monetary Survey, 2017-20 -- 4b. Summary Accounts of the Central Bank of Jordan, 2017-20 -- 5. Access and Phasing Under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) -- 6. Indicators of Fund Credit, 2017-24 -- 7. Capacity to Repay Indicators, 2017-24 -- 8. Structural Benchmarks, 2017-19 -- ANNEX -- I. Debt Sustainability Analysis -- APPENDIX -- I. Letter of Intent -- Attachment I. Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies -- Attachment II. Technical Memorandum of Understanding (TMU).

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Road Map to the Report -- Introduction -- The Untapped Potential of African Agriculture -- The Importance of Improving Connectivity -- Requirements for Improving Connectivity -- Literature on the Relationship between Infrastructure and Welfare -- The Structure of the Report -- New Techniques for Answering Questions in Infrastructure Economics -- Notes -- References -- 2 Welfare Effects of Road Infrastructure -- Introduction -- Challenges in Estimating the Economic Effects of Transport Cost Reductions -- Using the Results to Evaluate the Economic Impact of Prospective Road Investments -- Final Words and Caveats -- Annex 2A: Summary Statistics -- Annex 2B: Regression Results -- Annex 2C: Multidimensional Poverty Index -- Notes -- References -- 3 Impact of Transport Cost on Technology Adoption -- Introduction -- Motivation -- Theory and Hypotheses -- Estimating Impacts of Roads on Technology Adoption Using SPAM Data -- Estimating Impacts of Roads on Technology Adoption Using LSMS Data -- Estimating the Differential Impact of Roads on Modern versus Traditional Farmers -- Conclusions -- Annex 3A: Theoretical Model -- Annex 3B: Spatial Production Allocation Model Regression Results -- Annex 3C: Living Standards Measurement Study Regression Results -- Notes -- References -- 4 Role of Transport Infrastructure in Conflict-Prone and Fragile Environments: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo -- Introduction -- Why the DRC? -- Challenges in Estimating the Effect of Transport Cost and Conflict -- Innovations and Contributions of This Chapter -- Estimating Impacts of Roads and Conflict and Their Combined Effect on Welfare -- Main Findings -- Concluding Comments -- Annex 4A: Theoretical Framework -- Annex 4B: Summary Statistics and Regression Results -- Notes.

Dokumentation des wissenschaftlichen Symposiums anlässlich der Verabschiedung von Professor Dr. Gerhard Fels am 22. Juni 2004 in Köln

La IV Conferencia Zonal de Sociedades Nacionales de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja de Europa tuvo lugar, del 18 al 22 de mayo de 1992, en La Haya. Organizada por la Cruz Roja Neerlandesa, que celebra este año el 125º aniversario de su fundación, la Conferencia, que no se había celebrado desde 1981 (en Budapest), acogió a unos 200 representantes de 48 Sociedades Nacionales de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja. Entre estos participantes, los delegados de 12 Sociedades Nacionales de la ex URSS asistieron a su primera reunión internacional como miembros de Sociedades Nacionales independientes, así como los representantes de las 3 Sociedades bálticas y de la Cruz Roja en formación de Malta. El CICR siguió los trabajos de la Conferencia como observador.El tema de esta Conferencia era: «La nueva Europa necesita una nueva Cruz Roja». Los participantes estaban invitados a examinar las consecuencias, en la estructura y en las actividades de las Sociedades Nacionales europeas, de los profundos cambios registrados en muchos países de Europa a los niveles político, económico y social.