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Studying urban expansion from a longer-term perspective is of great significance to obtain an in-depth understanding of the process of urbanization. Remote sensing data are mostly selected to investigate the long-term expansion of cities. In this study, we selected the world-class urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as the study area, and then discussed how to make full use of multi-source, multi-category, and multi-temporal spatial data (old maps and remote sensing images) to study long-term urbanization. Through this study, we addressed three questions: (1) How much has the urban area in BTH expanded in the past 100 years? (2) How did the urban area expand in the past century? (3) What factors or important historical events have changed the development of cities with different functions? By comprehensively using urban spatial data, such as old maps and remote sensing images, geo-referencing them, and extracting built-up area information, a long-term series of urban built-up areas in the BTH region can be obtained. Results show the following: (1) There was clear evidence of dramatic urban expansion in this area, and the total built-up area had increased by 55.585 times, from 126.181 km2 to 7013.832 km2. (2) Continuous outward expansion has always been the main trend, while the compactness of the built-up land within the city is constantly decreasing and the complexity of the city boundary is increasing. (3) Cities in BTH were mostly formed through the construction of city walls during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the expansion process was mostly highly related to important political events, traffic development, and other factors. In summary, the BTH area, similarly to China and most regions of the world, has experienced rapid urbanization and the history of such ancient cities should be further preserved with the combined use of old maps.

Through the historiographic data and the architectonic and archaeologic study of the Roman remains found during the 18th and 19th Centuries, today disappeared, we present here an hypothesis about the Augustean construction of a big tower in Campa Torres. This would be identified as a lighthouse controlling the entrance of the Gijón's bay. The commemorative stone of Cn. Calpurnius Piso (CIL II, 2703), dated on 9-10 AD, was founded in this building. We cannot accept the identification of this monument as one of the wellknown Arae Sestianae. This light-house, with a symbolic character as well a purpose of informing to the mariners the access of the harbour, would be erected in a militarized region recently conquered. ; Partiendo del análisis exhaustivo de la documentación historiográfica y del estudio arqueoarquitectónico de los restos arqueológicos exhumados en los siglos XVIII y XIX, hoy en día destruidos, planteamos la hipótesis de que en la Campa Torres se erigió en época augustea una gran torre con función de faro, que señalaba el acceso a la bahía de Gijón. Dicho monumento, del que procede la lapida calpurniana datada en el 9-10 d. C. (CIL II, 2703), no puede de ninguna manera interpretarse como una de las famosas Aras Sestianas. Con un carácter claramente simbólico, el faro constituiría un hito señalizador en el paisaje de una región militarizada y recientemente conquistada, además de desempeñar un claro papel de apoyo a la navegación cantábrica, al indicar la entrada al mejor puerto astur.

Discusses progress made in negotiations for cooperation between the European Union and countries on the southern and eastern borders of the Mediterranean since a partnership was proposed in 1995; 8 articles. Based in part on papers presented at the Mediterranean Campus, Villanueva y Geltrú, province of Barcelona, Spain, at the Summer courses which started in 1997. Published in collaboration with the Institut Català de la Mediterrània d'Estudis i Cooperació, Barcelona, Spain. Topics include the customs union between the EU and Turkey, opening of markets of the southern Mediterranean to European agricultural and industrial products, availability and distribution of energy in the Mediterranean region, advantages of cooperation between EU and a free trade area in the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia), and intra-regional trade in the Maghreb and Middle East,

Is disappointed his son has returned from West Point deficient in reading, spelling, grammar, geography and arithmetic; wishes a furlough of about a year to send him to school near home. ; Transcription by Emma Moros. Transcriptions may be subject to error.

AbstractThis study is a randomized controlled trial of an asynchronous, fully web‐based program for divorced and separated parents, the electronic New Beginnings Program (eNBP). This program is an adaptation of a group, in‐person program for divorced parents, the New Beginnings Program (NBP), which has been shown in randomized trials to reduce a wide range of offspring problems and improve a wide range of competencies up to 15 years after participation. The 10‐module, 5‐h program uses evidence‐based, highly interactive strategies to teach skills designed to strengthen parenting after divorce and reduce interparental conflict. Participants were 131 parents (63% mothers) and 102 adolescent offspring. Parents were randomly assigned to the eNBP or a wait‐list control condition. Parents and their children completed pre‐ and post‐tests. Analyses showed that at post‐test, parents and children in the eNBP reported significantly higher parent–child relationship quality, more effective discipline, lower interparental conflict and lower child mental health problems than did those in the wait‐list control condition. These are the strongest findings in the literature on the effects of web‐based programs to reduce interparental conflict, strengthen positive parenting and reduce children's post‐divorce mental health problems. Given that parental divorce has significant individual and societal costs, widespread implementation of this program could have significant public health implications.