This report tracks the process by which Congress provides the funding for U.S. assessed contributions to the regular budgets of the United Nations, its agencies, and U.N. peacekeeping operation accounts, as well for U.S. voluntary contributions to U.N. system programs and funds. It includes information on the President's request and the congressional response, as well as congressional initiatives during this legislative process. Basic information is provided to help the reader understand this process.
The processes of globalization have determined significant changes in the prerogatives of nation states. In the twenty-first century the state no longer acts as a sole subject having a monopoly of integrating the interests of large social communities and representing them on the world stage. An ever increasing role in the global political process is played by transnational and supranational participants. However, despite the uncertainty and ambiguity of the ways of the development of the modern world, it can be argued that in the foreseeable future it is the states that will maintain the role of the main actors in world politics and bear the responsibility for global security and development. All this naturally makes urgent the issues related to the search for optimal models of nation state development. The article analyzes approaches to understanding patterns, problems and prospects of the development of this institution existing in modern political science. These include the concept of "dimensionality" based on the parameters of scale (the size of the territory) of the states and their functions in the international systems, as well as the "political order". In the latter case the paper analyzes four models: the nation-state, statenation, consociation, quasi-state. The author's position consists in the substantiation of the close dependence of the success of a model of the state on its inner nature, i.e. statehood. On the basis of the elaborated approach the author understands statehood as "the result of historical, economic, political and foreign policy activity of a particular society in order to create a relatively rigid political framework that provides spatial, institutional and functional unity, that is, the condition of the society's own state, national political system." Thus statehood acts as a qualitative feature of the state.
Dieses Buch verfolgt zwei Ziele: Zunächst wird der theoretische Rahmen des Konzepts "Nation-Building" mit seinen Annahmen und den ihm inhärenten Schwierigkeiten analysiert. Darauffolgend wird seine praktische Umsetzung am Beispiel des Iraks untersucht. Durch die Auseinandersetzung mit diesen zwei Aspekten möchte der Autor einerseits zur Konzeptualisierung und Systematisierung des "Nation-Building" einen Beitrag leisten, andererseits wird durch die Erörterung der auftauchenden Probleme ein normatives Raster entwickelt, das einem erfolgreichen und damit entwicklungspolitisch effektiven "Nation-Building" dienen soll
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This article evaluates the extent that Aboriginal societies in early nineteenth century Australia were known by Europeans coming into early contact with them as Aboriginal nations rather than as tribes. The study demonstrates that early nineteenth century Evangelicals saw the Aboriginal societies that they encountered on the Australian frontier as nations because the Evangelicals' view of the world was based on that found in their Bible, in which it is described how God had divided the world up into different nations. The article draws the conclusion that seeing Aboriginal people as nations was common among the Evangelicals. However, the practice of mapping and delineating individual Aboriginal nations was limited to a few Evangelicals, such as George Augustus Robinson and Edward Parker, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of Aboriginal culture.
Intro -- Contents -- Introduction The United Nations' role in global security: Peace builder or peace enforcer? -- Changing states and the security problematique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A state is not a state: Types of statehood and patterns of conflict after the Cold War -- 3 The United States as a great power -- 4 Emerging powers: The cases of China, India, Iran, Iraq, and Israel -- 5 The problem of the failed state in Africa -- 6 Conclusion -- Transnational civil society actors and the quest for security -- 7 Introduction -- 8 Global civil society, social movement organizations, and the global politics of nuclear security -- 9 The dark side of global civil society: The role and impact of transnational criminal organizations as a threat to international security -- 10 The relations of UN agencies and non-governmental organizations in cross-border humanitarian assistance -- 11 Transnational networks of peacekeepers -- Regional institutions, the United Nations, and international security -- 12 Introduction -- 13 Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Africa -- 14 Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Asia -- 15 Regional arrangements, the United Nations, and security in Latin America -- International organizations in peace and security -- 16 Introduction -- 17 Arms control: The role of the IAEA and UNSCOM -- 18 The Security Council in the post-Cold War era -- 19 UN military operations in the 1990s: ''Lessons'' from the recent past and directions for the near future -- 20 UN preventive action -- 21 Conclusion: International organizations, peace, and security -- Conclusion Three frameworks of peace and security in the next millennium -- Glossary of Acronyms -- Contributors -- Index
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AbstractThis article examines the ways in which young Canadians represent the 'the War on Terror' in their narratives. I explore how a hegemonic nationalist narrative enters into this representation in different ways and positions itself in a dynamic tension with the USA, at times eliding the difference and at times affirming it. I illustrate that these students do not simply tell the narrative of the war, but use the deixis of 'we/us/our' or 'them/they/their' in a way that constructs multiple imagined communities. I argue that these presumably benign representations of Canadian involvement in the war produce banal nationalism that excludes 'others', and binds human imagination into a framework that works against critical thinking.
Abstract The present study analyses education policy in Slovakia and determines the role of the church in education governance and the church–state relationship in education policy. The church–state relationship is also evident in the specific constellations of the national curriculum. The study highlights the de-secularisation trend in education policy and curricula and identifies the links between religious and nationalist education content, which are largely a relic of the historical (and controversial) era of Slovak statehood building. It also analyses Ethical Education, which is a specific (and internationally unique) school subject in Slovakia that has been shaped by a particular church–state 'ideological governing form'.
