Suchergebnisse

Ideological and political course teachers should not only cherish their teaching experience, but also cannot be satisfied with it. They should fully realize the limitation of teaching experience and constantly improve the level of educational rational thinking. The educational rationality of ideological and political course teachers is the unity of implicit and explicit aspects. Among them, exploring rationality is the implicit mind of ideological and political course teachers, while writing rationality is the explicit ability of teachers' inner thoughts. Therefore, ideological and political course teachers should not only set up the research-oriented consciousness of "the teacher is a researcher" and cultivate the exploring rationality, but also set up the writing consciousness of "the teacher is a writer" and train the writing rationality.

As interest in political incivility has grown, scholarly conceptualizations of incivility have diverged, often centering on politeness theory or deliberative theory, but rarely on both. The current project addresses this problem by empirically investigating a two-dimensional incivility model. Two experiments test individuals' perceptions of uncivil interactions among political figures, finding that (a) personal-level incivility (impoliteness) and public-level incivility (lack of deliberativeness and reciprocity) are distinct concepts, (b) personal-level incivility is perceived as more uncivil than public-level incivility, and (c) political figures from a person's own political party are perceived as more civil than others. Future researchers can use this two-dimensional model to bring coherence to the incivility literature and more thoroughly investigate the effects of public-level incivility.

Introduction: A genealogical approach to "political Islam" and political modernity -- Order and discourse. Communicative systems and the specialized quest for order -- The power of discourse and the discourse of power -- Public communication and frameworks of communal reference -- The emergence of transcultural dynamics. The "West" and "Islam": opposing essentialisms in an imbalanced game -- The genesis and development of "Arab-Islamic" discourse -- The sociologization of the western construction of Islam -- The western making of "political Islam". The linear hermeneutics of Islam "as such" -- The crisis of Orientalism and the return of Islam -- From Islam to politics, or the reverse? -- Towards an Islamic political discourse of modernity?. The new politics of al-sahwa al-islamiyya -- Is Islam the solution? -- Social justice and cultural heritage (turath) -- Thinking Islam

THE CONCEPT OF THE SOPHISTICATED ELECTORATE IS CENTRAL TO MANY CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ECONOMIC MODELS. HOWEVER, NO EXISTING STUDIES HAVE YET CLARIFIED HOW VOTERS COULD DEVELOP A SOPHISTICATED WAY OF EVALUATING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS A TRANSITIONAL HYPOTHESIS THAT REMOVES THE CONSTRAINT THAT VOTERS HAVE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE TRUE ECONOMIC INTENT OF THE INCUMBENT GOVERNMENT. THE HYPOTHESIS PERMITS BEHAVIORAL INNOVATION FORM LEARNING AND PREDICTS THAT THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS TOWARD SOPHISTICATION MAY BE TRIGGERED BY SOCIALLY SUBOPTIMAL POLITICAL BUSINESS CYCLES THAT REVEAL THE SELF-SERVING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE GOVERNMENT. THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSES USING RECENT JAPANESE EXPERIENCES SHOW THAT JAPANESE POLITICAL SUPPORT BEHAVIOR SHIFTED FROM NAIVETE TO SOPHISTICATION IN THE EARLY 1970S AFTER POLITICAL MANIPULATION OCCURRED IN THE 1969 AND 1972 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS.

Praetorianism has been authoritatively defined as a situation in which 'the military class of a given society exercises independent political power within it by virtue of an actual or threatened use of military force'.1A praetorian state, by elaboration, is one in which the military tends to intervene andpotentiallycould dominate the political system. The political processes of this statefavorthe development of the military as the core group and the growth of its expectations as a ruling class; its political leadership (as distinguished from bureaucratic, administrative and managerial leadership) is chiefly recruited from the military, or from groups sympathetic, or at least not antagonistic, to the military. Constitutional changes are effected and sustained by the militaty, and the army frequently intervenes in the government.2

The outcomes of Taiwan's presidential election in March and its legislative election in December indicate political stasis rather than change. The reelection of George W. Bush points further to political continuity in Taiwan's relation with the United States.