For the third year in a row on 6th April, the Lithuanian Architects' Union opened the 24-exhibit exhibition contest for creative drawings \"Shocked Architecture\" and announced the winners. The subject of the contest posed the question of how to contemplate and visualise the dramatically changing ecological, social, cultural, political and economic circumstances under which architecture exists. Throughout the history of the contest, this subject has never attracted such a wide array of student outlooks, with this year's works being both aesthetically and intellectually intense. Because of such strong and multifaceted potential shown in the pieces, the commission had the particularly complicated task of picking out the authors worthy of the main and consolation prizes. The first prize was awarded to the creation that was declared the most conceptually pure, submitted by Gabriele Cerniavskaja, a third-year student at the Faculty of Architecture in VGTU, inspired by a \"shocking\" discovery on the wall of a building at Boksto g. 12A.
For the third year in a row on 6th April, the Lithuanian Architects' Union opened the 24-exhibit exhibition contest for creative drawings \"Shocked Architecture\" and announced the winners. The subject of the contest posed the question of how to contemplate and visualise the dramatically changing ecological, social, cultural, political and economic circumstances under which architecture exists. Throughout the history of the contest, this subject has never attracted such a wide array of student outlooks, with this year's works being both aesthetically and intellectually intense. Because of such strong and multifaceted potential shown in the pieces, the commission had the particularly complicated task of picking out the authors worthy of the main and consolation prizes. The first prize was awarded to the creation that was declared the most conceptually pure, submitted by Gabriele Cerniavskaja, a third-year student at the Faculty of Architecture in VGTU, inspired by a \"shocking\" discovery on the wall of a building at Boksto g. 12A.
Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.
Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the "youngest" styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania's modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania's architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one's own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.
The paper analyses the Lithuanian architecture of the soviet period through the prism of stylistic development and history of architectural ideas. The main task of the work is to determine the heritage values of the soviet period from the point of view of architectural history. Before going into deeper analysis of separate stylistic aspects some key problems of the soviet time heritage evaluation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need of separation of the soviet time architectural history from the political history as well as to the problem of integration of the soviet heritage into contemporary city life. Three main ap- proaches on the architecture of the soviet period are pointed out: socialist realism, soviet industrial modernism and plurality of stylistic attitudes during the last decades of the soviet period. The paper follows an assumption that some characteristic buildings of each architectural outlook should be saved in order to have an example of authentic way of development in the Lithuanian architecture during the 20th century.
The paper analyses the Lithuanian architecture of the soviet period through the prism of stylistic development and history of architectural ideas. The main task of the work is to determine the heritage values of the soviet period from the point of view of architectural history. Before going into deeper analysis of separate stylistic aspects some key problems of the soviet time heritage evaluation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need of separation of the soviet time architectural history from the political history as well as to the problem of integration of the soviet heritage into contemporary city life. Three main ap- proaches on the architecture of the soviet period are pointed out: socialist realism, soviet industrial modernism and plurality of stylistic attitudes during the last decades of the soviet period. The paper follows an assumption that some characteristic buildings of each architectural outlook should be saved in order to have an example of authentic way of development in the Lithuanian architecture during the 20th century.
The paper analyses the Lithuanian architecture of the soviet period through the prism of stylistic development and history of architectural ideas. The main task of the work is to determine the heritage values of the soviet period from the point of view of architectural history. Before going into deeper analysis of separate stylistic aspects some key problems of the soviet time heritage evaluation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need of separation of the soviet time architectural history from the political history as well as to the problem of integration of the soviet heritage into contemporary city life. Three main ap- proaches on the architecture of the soviet period are pointed out: socialist realism, soviet industrial modernism and plurality of stylistic attitudes during the last decades of the soviet period. The paper follows an assumption that some characteristic buildings of each architectural outlook should be saved in order to have an example of authentic way of development in the Lithuanian architecture during the 20th century.
The paper analyses the Lithuanian architecture of the soviet period through the prism of stylistic development and history of architectural ideas. The main task of the work is to determine the heritage values of the soviet period from the point of view of architectural history. Before going into deeper analysis of separate stylistic aspects some key problems of the soviet time heritage evaluation are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need of separation of the soviet time architectural history from the political history as well as to the problem of integration of the soviet heritage into contemporary city life. Three main ap- proaches on the architecture of the soviet period are pointed out: socialist realism, soviet industrial modernism and plurality of stylistic attitudes during the last decades of the soviet period. The paper follows an assumption that some characteristic buildings of each architectural outlook should be saved in order to have an example of authentic way of development in the Lithuanian architecture during the 20th century.
The thesis explores the subject of unimplemented architectural projects in the context of Lithuanian architecture, the country's history and socio-political and cultural phenomena. The object of this research is architectural projects that, due to certain circumstances, did not result in completed buildings. The purpose of the thesis is to reveal the significance of unimplemented projects through their connections with social, sociocultural and political phenomena. In order to fulfil this objective, the following tasks where set: defining the concepts important to this research; constructing a typological model of unimplemented projects and uncovering the origin of the phenomenon of unimplemented projects through examining the structure of the architectural process; reviewing the development of unimplemented projects and the corresponding historical context between the end of the 18th c. and the end of the 20th c. in Lithuania; examining the societal significance of unimplemented projects of the 21st c. and before; uncovering the relationship between unbuilt projects and social-economic and political structures; analysing the reasons behind the non-implementation; formulating the guidelines on how to reduce the risk of non-implimentation in high-quality architecture; identifying objective and subjective values of unbuilt projects and providing theoretical and practical possibilities for their application. The thesis achieved the following outcomes new for art criticism: an integrated analysis was conducted on the previously scarcely-studied subject of unimplemented projects in Lithuanian architecture; previously unexamined terms relevant to this subject were formulated; the main types of unimplemented projects were defined; the phenomenon of unbuilt architecture was revealed as resulting from an interrupted architectural process; the reasons behind the non-implementation of projects were explained, making it possible to view unimplemented architecture as a both direct and inverse identifier of the state of historical structures; it was proven that unimplemented projects bear some influence when relevant public issues are being raised and that they may be used as a political-ideological tool; the non-implementation of projects was shown to be a constant phenomenon in the history of architecture that reflects the sociocultural, political and economic tendencies; as an entity of artistic and technical ideas and solutions, unbuilt projects can provide theorethical and practical benefits. The outcomes of this research may encourage architecture theorists to widen the range of research objects studied and to involve cases of unimplemented projects as an integral part in the development of architecture when researching issues relevant to the history of architecture.
The thesis explores the subject of unimplemented architectural projects in the context of Lithuanian architecture, the country's history and socio-political and cultural phenomena. The object of this research is architectural projects that, due to certain circumstances, did not result in completed buildings. The purpose of the thesis is to reveal the significance of unimplemented projects through their connections with social, sociocultural and political phenomena. In order to fulfil this objective, the following tasks where set: defining the concepts important to this research; constructing a typological model of unimplemented projects and uncovering the origin of the phenomenon of unimplemented projects through examining the structure of the architectural process; reviewing the development of unimplemented projects and the corresponding historical context between the end of the 18th c. and the end of the 20th c. in Lithuania; examining the societal significance of unimplemented projects of the 21st c. and before; uncovering the relationship between unbuilt projects and social-economic and political structures; analysing the reasons behind the non-implementation; formulating the guidelines on how to reduce the risk of non-implimentation in high-quality architecture; identifying objective and subjective values of unbuilt projects and providing theoretical and practical possibilities for their application. The thesis achieved the following outcomes new for art criticism: an integrated analysis was conducted on the previously scarcely-studied subject of unimplemented projects in Lithuanian architecture; previously unexamined terms relevant to this subject were formulated; the main types of unimplemented projects were defined; the phenomenon of unbuilt architecture was revealed as resulting from an interrupted architectural process; the reasons behind the non-implementation of projects were explained, making it possible to view unimplemented architecture as a both direct and inverse identifier of the state of historical structures; it was proven that unimplemented projects bear some influence when relevant public issues are being raised and that they may be used as a political-ideological tool; the non-implementation of projects was shown to be a constant phenomenon in the history of architecture that reflects the sociocultural, political and economic tendencies; as an entity of artistic and technical ideas and solutions, unbuilt projects can provide theorethical and practical benefits. The outcomes of this research may encourage architecture theorists to widen the range of research objects studied and to involve cases of unimplemented projects as an integral part in the development of architecture when researching issues relevant to the history of architecture.
The aim of the thesis is to analyze theory, theoretical and built projects of an underground architecture and implement collected information in an architectural project. The reasoning for the design of an underground architecture usually lies in the context. Out of three types of context for an underground architecture – dense urban, historical and natural - highly sensitive natural context, Curonian Spit, is chosen. SPA center is designed in the territory of Kopgalis battery – the peaks of protective dune ridge are covered with the roof. Cavities are formed in the roof, through which the sand comes in and fill glass cones, designed according to the sand-fall studies. Sand-covered building not only preserves the landscape, gives meaning for the military heritage, but also conveys the most important feature of the Curonian Spit – its constant change, which manifests itself with the sand movement. Guidelines for the design of underground objects, visuality in architecture, the features of the Curonian Spit and sand features are also described in the analytical part.
The aim of the thesis is to analyze theory, theoretical and built projects of an underground architecture and implement collected information in an architectural project. The reasoning for the design of an underground architecture usually lies in the context. Out of three types of context for an underground architecture – dense urban, historical and natural - highly sensitive natural context, Curonian Spit, is chosen. SPA center is designed in the territory of Kopgalis battery – the peaks of protective dune ridge are covered with the roof. Cavities are formed in the roof, through which the sand comes in and fill glass cones, designed according to the sand-fall studies. Sand-covered building not only preserves the landscape, gives meaning for the military heritage, but also conveys the most important feature of the Curonian Spit – its constant change, which manifests itself with the sand movement. Guidelines for the design of underground objects, visuality in architecture, the features of the Curonian Spit and sand features are also described in the analytical part.
The article focuses on the analysis of the architecture of wooden Lithuania Tartars mosques. There has been little or no research made on this topic, therefore it is meaningful to understand its contribution to the formation of the history of Lithuania and the creation of a distinctive character which was influenced by a small ethnic Tartar nation. The aim of this article is to explore the reasons of wooden mosques origin in Lithuania, to reveal features of architecture, to discuss similarities between architecture of Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques of Tartars. In order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the architectural wooden mosques, the research of Lithuanian historical aspects is essential. Therefore, the first chapter of this article briefly discusses the reasons and development of Tartars settlement in Lithuania. It also provides the background for Tartar religion buildings that have been closely associated with the political, historical and economical factors. The second chapter of this article analyses Trakai, Vilniaus Lukiškės, Vinkšnupiai, Keturiasdešimt Totorių, Nemėžis and Raižiai mosques, their history and features of architecture. This part presents the history of each mosque, research some of the surviving mosques plans, disclosed to the Tartar sacred building's exterior and interior features. The architecture of the Lithuanian Tartars mosques was created by the local Lithuanian artisans – carpenters. This fact determined the similarities between Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques architectures. There were used decorative ornaments which were common in Lithuanian old wooden buildings. This article researches typical decor of Lithuanian folk architecture, which was applied to decorate mosques windows, doors and roof panels.
The article focuses on the analysis of the architecture of wooden Lithuania Tartars mosques. There has been little or no research made on this topic, therefore it is meaningful to understand its contribution to the formation of the history of Lithuania and the creation of a distinctive character which was influenced by a small ethnic Tartar nation. The aim of this article is to explore the reasons of wooden mosques origin in Lithuania, to reveal features of architecture, to discuss similarities between architecture of Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques of Tartars. In order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the architectural wooden mosques, the research of Lithuanian historical aspects is essential. Therefore, the first chapter of this article briefly discusses the reasons and development of Tartars settlement in Lithuania. It also provides the background for Tartar religion buildings that have been closely associated with the political, historical and economical factors. The second chapter of this article analyses Trakai, Vilniaus Lukiškės, Vinkšnupiai, Keturiasdešimt Totorių, Nemėžis and Raižiai mosques, their history and features of architecture. This part presents the history of each mosque, research some of the surviving mosques plans, disclosed to the Tartar sacred building's exterior and interior features. The architecture of the Lithuanian Tartars mosques was created by the local Lithuanian artisans – carpenters. This fact determined the similarities between Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques architectures. There were used decorative ornaments which were common in Lithuanian old wooden buildings. This article researches typical decor of Lithuanian folk architecture, which was applied to decorate mosques windows, doors and roof panels.
The article focuses on the analysis of the architecture of wooden Lithuania Tartars mosques. There has been little or no research made on this topic, therefore it is meaningful to understand its contribution to the formation of the history of Lithuania and the creation of a distinctive character which was influenced by a small ethnic Tartar nation. The aim of this article is to explore the reasons of wooden mosques origin in Lithuania, to reveal features of architecture, to discuss similarities between architecture of Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques of Tartars. In order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the architectural wooden mosques, the research of Lithuanian historical aspects is essential. Therefore, the first chapter of this article briefly discusses the reasons and development of Tartars settlement in Lithuania. It also provides the background for Tartar religion buildings that have been closely associated with the political, historical and economical factors. The second chapter of this article analyses Trakai, Vilniaus Lukiškės, Vinkšnupiai, Keturiasdešimt Totorių, Nemėžis and Raižiai mosques, their history and features of architecture. This part presents the history of each mosque, research some of the surviving mosques plans, disclosed to the Tartar sacred building's exterior and interior features. The architecture of the Lithuanian Tartars mosques was created by the local Lithuanian artisans – carpenters. This fact determined the similarities between Lithuanian ethnic and wooden mosques architectures. There were used decorative ornaments which were common in Lithuanian old wooden buildings. This article researches typical decor of Lithuanian folk architecture, which was applied to decorate mosques windows, doors and roof panels.
