Suchergebnisse

The environmental issue is usually addressed from a cost on abatement / preservation perspective. But to effectively conserve the environment, we haveto be actually willing to do so, which might not always be the case. In the present work, I address the polluting problem from a "political" point of view. Is it possible to reach a sufficient amount of pepale who are actually willing to sustain a good environment quality ? Or will we always be in a state dominated by the less environmentally aware people ? With the help of a simple model, we will find that the result depends, amongst others, on the initial state and on some possible psychological aspects.

The environmental issue is usually addressed from a cost on abatement / preservation perspective. But to effectively conserve the environment, we haveto be actually willing to do so, which might not always be the case. In the present work, I address the polluting problem from a "political" point of view. Is it possible to reach a sufficient amount of pepale who are actually willing to sustain a good environment quality ? Or will we always be in a state dominated by the less environmentally aware people ? With the help of a simple model, we will find that the result depends, amongst others, on the initial state and on some possible psychological aspects.

International audience ; To meet the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals and the European Union (EU) strategy for a non-toxic environment, water resources and ecosystems management require cost-efficient solutions for prevailing complex contamination and multiple stressor exposures. For the protection of water resources under global change conditions, specific research needs for prediction, monitoring, assessment and abatement of multiple stressors emerge with respect to maintaining human needs, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Collaborative European research seems an ideal instrument to mobilize the required transdisciplinary scientific support and tackle the large-scale dimension and develop options required for implementation of European policies. Calls for research on minimizing society's chemical footprints in the water–food–energy–security nexus are required. European research should be complemented with targeted national scientific funding to address specific transformation pathways and support the evaluation, demonstration and implementation of novel approaches on regional scales. The foreseeable pressure developments due to demographic, economic and climate changes require solution-oriented thinking, focusing on the assessment of sustainable abatement options and transformation pathways rather than on status evaluation. Stakeholder involvement is a key success factor in collaborative projects as it allows capturing added value, to address other levels of complexity, and find smarter solutions by synthesizing scientific evidence, integrating governance issues, and addressing transition pathways. This increases the chances of closing the value chain by implementing novel solutions. For the water quality topic, the interacting European collaborative projects SOLUTIONS, MARS and GLOBAQUA and the NORMAN network provide best practice examples for successful applied collaborative research including multi-stakeholder involvement. They provided innovative conceptual, modelling and instrumental options for future monitoring and management of chemical mixtures and multiple stressors in European water resources. Advancement of EU water framework directive-related policies has therefore become an option.

International audience ; To meet the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals and the European Union (EU) strategy for a non-toxic environment, water resources and ecosystems management require cost-efficient solutions for prevailing complex contamination and multiple stressor exposures. For the protection of water resources under global change conditions, specific research needs for prediction, monitoring, assessment and abatement of multiple stressors emerge with respect to maintaining human needs, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Collaborative European research seems an ideal instrument to mobilize the required transdisciplinary scientific support and tackle the large-scale dimension and develop options required for implementation of European policies. Calls for research on minimizing society's chemical footprints in the water–food–energy–security nexus are required. European research should be complemented with targeted national scientific funding to address specific transformation pathways and support the evaluation, demonstration and implementation of novel approaches on regional scales. The foreseeable pressure developments due to demographic, economic and climate changes require solution-oriented thinking, focusing on the assessment of sustainable abatement options and transformation pathways rather than on status evaluation. Stakeholder involvement is a key success factor in collaborative projects as it allows capturing added value, to address other levels of complexity, and find smarter solutions by synthesizing scientific evidence, integrating governance issues, and addressing transition pathways. This increases the chances of closing the value chain by implementing novel solutions. For the water quality topic, the interacting European collaborative projects SOLUTIONS, MARS and GLOBAQUA and the NORMAN network provide best practice examples for successful applied collaborative research including multi-stakeholder involvement. They provided innovative conceptual, modelling and instrumental ...

International audience ; In 2014, the European Union generated more than 700 million tons of waste in the mining and quarrying sector. Tailings are one typology of mining wastes and are generated during the mineral processing steps of metal production. If technology feasible and economically viable, these wastes can be reprocessed to extract still remaining valuable resources. If not, these wastes are stocked is so called "tailings ponds" or "tailings dams" for a very long period that can extend beyond the mine closure. As tailings are resulting by-products of metallurgical processes, they often contain potentially hazardous elements that can have negative impacts on nearby waters and soils. So far, only few life cycle assessment (LCA) studies consider the environmental impacts of tailings storage and management on metal production. The Ecoinvent database proposes two generic datasets concerning sulfidic and non-sulfidic tailings disposals. Nevertheless, tailings composition is linked to the type of ore treated, to the type of processing technologies used and to the geological and climatic conditions of the tailing storage. Thus, environmental impacts of tailings storage are site-specific in addition of being time-dependent. In fact, emissions can occur in a short (yearly) or a long time frame. Assessing the timely dependent behavior of tailings and in particular the interactions between the tailings pond and the surrounding groundwater and underground can be done using reactive transport modeling. The aim of this presentation is to show how the results of geochemical modelling can be used in LCA to take into account the emissions induced by tailings in metal production. This work will be illustrated with a mining plant producing copper, other metallic by-products and their associated sulfidic tailings. In a first place, the tailings pond and its associated characteristics (hydrodynamic properties, chemical composition of the pore water and mineralogical composition) are modeled alongside with the chemical ...

International audience ; In 2014, the European Union generated more than 700 million tons of waste in the mining and quarrying sector. Tailings are one typology of mining wastes and are generated during the mineral processing steps of metal production. If technology feasible and economically viable, these wastes can be reprocessed to extract still remaining valuable resources. If not, these wastes are stocked is so called "tailings ponds" or "tailings dams" for a very long period that can extend beyond the mine closure. As tailings are resulting by-products of metallurgical processes, they often contain potentially hazardous elements that can have negative impacts on nearby waters and soils. So far, only few life cycle assessment (LCA) studies consider the environmental impacts of tailings storage and management on metal production. The Ecoinvent database proposes two generic datasets concerning sulfidic and non-sulfidic tailings disposals. Nevertheless, tailings composition is linked to the type of ore treated, to the type of processing technologies used and to the geological and climatic conditions of the tailing storage. Thus, environmental impacts of tailings storage are site-specific in addition of being time-dependent. In fact, emissions can occur in a short (yearly) or a long time frame. Assessing the timely dependent behavior of tailings and in particular the interactions between the tailings pond and the surrounding groundwater and underground can be done using reactive transport modeling. The aim of this presentation is to show how the results of geochemical modelling can be used in LCA to take into account the emissions induced by tailings in metal production. This work will be illustrated with a mining plant producing copper, other metallic by-products and their associated sulfidic tailings. In a first place, the tailings pond and its associated characteristics (hydrodynamic properties, chemical composition of the pore water and mineralogical composition) are modeled alongside with the chemical ...

International audience ; In 2014, the European Union generated more than 700 million tons of waste in the mining and quarrying sector. Tailings are one typology of mining wastes and are generated during the mineral processing steps of metal production. If technology feasible and economically viable, these wastes can be reprocessed to extract still remaining valuable resources. If not, these wastes are stocked is so called "tailings ponds" or "tailings dams" for a very long period that can extend beyond the mine closure. As tailings are resulting by-products of metallurgical processes, they often contain potentially hazardous elements that can have negative impacts on nearby waters and soils. So far, only few life cycle assessment (LCA) studies consider the environmental impacts of tailings storage and management on metal production. The Ecoinvent database proposes two generic datasets concerning sulfidic and non-sulfidic tailings disposals. Nevertheless, tailings composition is linked to the type of ore treated, to the type of processing technologies used and to the geological and climatic conditions of the tailing storage. Thus, environmental impacts of tailings storage are site-specific in addition of being time-dependent. In fact, emissions can occur in a short (yearly) or a long time frame. Assessing the timely dependent behavior of tailings and in particular the interactions between the tailings pond and the surrounding groundwater and underground can be done using reactive transport modeling. The aim of this presentation is to show how the results of geochemical modelling can be used in LCA to take into account the emissions induced by tailings in metal production. This work will be illustrated with a mining plant producing copper, other metallic by-products and their associated sulfidic tailings. In a first place, the tailings pond and its associated characteristics (hydrodynamic properties, chemical composition of the pore water and mineralogical composition) are modeled alongside with the chemical ...

This study is part of the research project called 'CRITINC', Making sustainability operational : Critical Natural Capital and the implication of a strong sustainability criterion (n°PL9702076) and funded by the European Union. CRITINC was co-ordinated by P. Ekins (Keele University, UK), and was worked on in collaboration with the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (scientific responsibility D. Pettenella, Agripolis, Italy), the University of Stockholm (scientific responsibility C. Folke, Sweden), the University of Wageningen (scientific responsibility R. de Groot, The Netherlands), the Wuppertal Institute (scientific responsibility C. Beuermann, Germany) and the C3ED - University of Versailles – Saint-Quentin en Yvelines (scientific responsibility M. O'Connor, France). The research was carried out in parallel with that undertaken in the project Quantification et modélisation du Capital Naturel Critique pour la mise en oeuvre d'une politique de développement durable en France (n°97085), carried out under the scientific direction of Martin O'Connor (C3ED) for the Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement. CRITINC was also pursued in parallel with the research initiative called Validation socio-économique des indicateurs agroécologiques (n°97/C/62) and carried out in the context of the Interdisciplinary Research Programme called "Environnement, Vie et Société" (1997 – 1999) of the CNRS, under the scientific direction of Martin O'Connor (C3ED) and Philippe Girardin (INRA). ; There is no disputing the fact that water pollution by nitrates is, in large part, caused by agricultural activities. Concerns about soil and water pollution by modern agricultural practices are becoming too important to be ignored. Point pollution can consist of direct discharges of animal excrement or be caused by the use of pesticides close to streams. Diffuse pollution caused by agricultural practices is more difficult to pin down. It is generally linked to systematic use of fertilisers and to the use of pesticides. The abatement capacity of the natural environment, partly due to dilution, partly due to the ability of plants and soils to absorb or fixate pollution, seems now to be constantly exceeded. Pollutants reach surface waters by run-off, and groundwater by infiltration. These different types of pollutant derive from the same production processes, thus suggesting that these activities use certain inputs in an inefficient or excessive way. In the research study reported here, we focus on the Brittany region in France, its agricultural sector and the impacts of agricultural activity on water quality in Brittany. Our research has mainly focused on the construction and application of analytical tools aimed at measuring environmental performances and economic costs of adaptation. These tools deal with the physical and technical characteristics of the agricultural product, leaving to one side the issues concerning markets and employment. The goal is to generate indicators that illustrate the confrontation between environmental performance and economic cost criteria, in the context of a comparative scenario analysis focused on growth and technological change paths for agricultural production in the Brittany region.(.)

International audience ; Eco-labelling is considered with increased interest within the scope of fisheries crisis, as a way to tackle both marine biodiversity conservation and development issues. Along West African Coast, diversity and specificity of seafood issued from localised fishery systems (or fishery territories) are remarkable and recognised from long time. Recently, initiatives to draw more value from fish and fishery while maintaining them for the future are more and more developing. Nevertheless, those innovative dynamics are generally initiated and implemented by foreign operators, targeting specific categories of customers and are unequally re-appropriated by the fishermen communities. They still occupy a minor place in local and national economies. Moreover, these devices are binding and thus exclusive. So, they could have unexpected and contradictory effects on biological and cultural diversity. An Interdisciplinary (anthropology, geography, economic, sociology, ethnobiology, ecology and law studies) and comparative approach, conducted in different environmental, political and socio-economical contexts, leads to assess the constraints and opportunities attached to eco-labelling in fisheries (Biodivalloc programme, ANR05 BDIV02). Also, the aim of this contribution is to examine the connection and consistency between the devices and norms that shape those instruments and the local practices and actors strategies all along the fish network. It seeks to determine the conditions of using these tools in ways that ensure the co-viability of coastal (biological and social) systems. This question is adressed through diverse study cases, the Mugil fishery of Mauritania, the Octopus fishery of Senegal, the mollusks exploitation (Arca, Crassostrea, Cymbium, Pugilina, etc.) of the Saloum Delta, Senegal.

International audience ; Eco-labelling is considered with increased interest within the scope of fisheries crisis, as a way to tackle both marine biodiversity conservation and development issues. Along West African Coast, diversity and specificity of seafood issued from localised fishery systems (or fishery territories) are remarkable and recognised from long time. Recently, initiatives to draw more value from fish and fishery while maintaining them for the future are more and more developing. Nevertheless, those innovative dynamics are generally initiated and implemented by foreign operators, targeting specific categories of customers and are unequally re-appropriated by the fishermen communities. They still occupy a minor place in local and national economies. Moreover, these devices are binding and thus exclusive. So, they could have unexpected and contradictory effects on biological and cultural diversity. An Interdisciplinary (anthropology, geography, economic, sociology, ethnobiology, ecology and law studies) and comparative approach, conducted in different environmental, political and socio-economical contexts, leads to assess the constraints and opportunities attached to eco-labelling in fisheries (Biodivalloc programme, ANR05 BDIV02). Also, the aim of this contribution is to examine the connection and consistency between the devices and norms that shape those instruments and the local practices and actors strategies all along the fish network. It seeks to determine the conditions of using these tools in ways that ensure the co-viability of coastal (biological and social) systems. This question is adressed through diverse study cases, the Mugil fishery of Mauritania, the Octopus fishery of Senegal, the mollusks exploitation (Arca, Crassostrea, Cymbium, Pugilina, etc.) of the Saloum Delta, Senegal.

International audience ; Eco-labelling is considered with increased interest within the scope of fisheries crisis, as a way to tackle both marine biodiversity conservation and development issues. Along West African Coast, diversity and specificity of seafood issued from localised fishery systems (or fishery territories) are remarkable and recognised from long time. Recently, initiatives to draw more value from fish and fishery while maintaining them for the future are more and more developing. Nevertheless, those innovative dynamics are generally initiated and implemented by foreign operators, targeting specific categories of customers and are unequally re-appropriated by the fishermen communities. They still occupy a minor place in local and national economies. Moreover, these devices are binding and thus exclusive. So, they could have unexpected and contradictory effects on biological and cultural diversity. An Interdisciplinary (anthropology, geography, economic, sociology, ethnobiology, ecology and law studies) and comparative approach, conducted in different environmental, political and socio-economical contexts, leads to assess the constraints and opportunities attached to eco-labelling in fisheries (Biodivalloc programme, ANR05 BDIV02). Also, the aim of this contribution is to examine the connection and consistency between the devices and norms that shape those instruments and the local practices and actors strategies all along the fish network. It seeks to determine the conditions of using these tools in ways that ensure the co-viability of coastal (biological and social) systems. This question is adressed through diverse study cases, the Mugil fishery of Mauritania, the Octopus fishery of Senegal, the mollusks exploitation (Arca, Crassostrea, Cymbium, Pugilina, etc.) of the Saloum Delta, Senegal.

International audience ; Nous sommes quatre étudiants rassemblés par notre intérêt pour les enjeux climatiques. Nos études respec-tives nous ont fait découvrir cette problématique sous des angles différents : climatologie, sociologie, sciences politiques ou économie. Cependant, face à l'ampleur des impacts décrits par la science, il nous a semblé que l'étude académique du changement climatique n'était plus suffisante. Nous nous sommes donc engagés dans des associations offrant la possibilité d'agir avec d'autres jeunes, passionnés par les mêmes problématiques.C'est au sein de l'association étudiante internationale CliMates que nous nous sommes rencontrés. CliMates se présente comme un think and do tank capable de construire un regard informé en mobilisant, dans un cadre participatif et ouvert, des éléments d'expertise sur les sujets complexes du changement climatique et en faisant travailler ensemble des jeunes de formations différentes. C'est d'ailleurs dans cette dynamique inter-disciplinaire que s'inscrit l'écriture de cet article.Nous souhaitons exprimer ici notre ressenti sur les possibilités d'action vis-à-vis du changement climatique en tant que jeunes acteurs commençant à prendre part à ces dynamiques complexes. Nous voulons aussi trans-mettre le message que notre génération, loin d'assister désemparée et impuissante aux débats, s'approprie la question du changement climatique et se veut porteuse de solutions.

International audience ; Nous sommes quatre étudiants rassemblés par notre intérêt pour les enjeux climatiques. Nos études respec-tives nous ont fait découvrir cette problématique sous des angles différents : climatologie, sociologie, sciences politiques ou économie. Cependant, face à l'ampleur des impacts décrits par la science, il nous a semblé que l'étude académique du changement climatique n'était plus suffisante. Nous nous sommes donc engagés dans des associations offrant la possibilité d'agir avec d'autres jeunes, passionnés par les mêmes problématiques.C'est au sein de l'association étudiante internationale CliMates que nous nous sommes rencontrés. CliMates se présente comme un think and do tank capable de construire un regard informé en mobilisant, dans un cadre participatif et ouvert, des éléments d'expertise sur les sujets complexes du changement climatique et en faisant travailler ensemble des jeunes de formations différentes. C'est d'ailleurs dans cette dynamique inter-disciplinaire que s'inscrit l'écriture de cet article.Nous souhaitons exprimer ici notre ressenti sur les possibilités d'action vis-à-vis du changement climatique en tant que jeunes acteurs commençant à prendre part à ces dynamiques complexes. Nous voulons aussi trans-mettre le message que notre génération, loin d'assister désemparée et impuissante aux débats, s'approprie la question du changement climatique et se veut porteuse de solutions.

International audience ; Nous sommes quatre étudiants rassemblés par notre intérêt pour les enjeux climatiques. Nos études respec-tives nous ont fait découvrir cette problématique sous des angles différents : climatologie, sociologie, sciences politiques ou économie. Cependant, face à l'ampleur des impacts décrits par la science, il nous a semblé que l'étude académique du changement climatique n'était plus suffisante. Nous nous sommes donc engagés dans des associations offrant la possibilité d'agir avec d'autres jeunes, passionnés par les mêmes problématiques.C'est au sein de l'association étudiante internationale CliMates que nous nous sommes rencontrés. CliMates se présente comme un think and do tank capable de construire un regard informé en mobilisant, dans un cadre participatif et ouvert, des éléments d'expertise sur les sujets complexes du changement climatique et en faisant travailler ensemble des jeunes de formations différentes. C'est d'ailleurs dans cette dynamique inter-disciplinaire que s'inscrit l'écriture de cet article.Nous souhaitons exprimer ici notre ressenti sur les possibilités d'action vis-à-vis du changement climatique en tant que jeunes acteurs commençant à prendre part à ces dynamiques complexes. Nous voulons aussi trans-mettre le message que notre génération, loin d'assister désemparée et impuissante aux débats, s'approprie la question du changement climatique et se veut porteuse de solutions.