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Abstract
The paper deals with the state of the social sciences after the boom of internet services in the Czech Republic in the 1990s. The results of our survey, based on 512 responses from the economics and history departments of major Czech public universities, show that internet services are considered a quality factor for academic output; however, the issues of plagiarism, a lack of resource criticism, inadequacy of impact factor-based evaluations, poor academic training for the new generation of social scientists, the failure of state academic policy, and the generation gap make further development in the Czech social sciences rather problematic. As a result we recommend creating a better communication link between policy makers and scholars, reforming the current state policy which encourages lower quality academic output, and improving academic training, which requires a more individual approach, and also placing higher demands on social scientists.

This interdisciplinary volume explores the relationship between history and a range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences: economics, political science, political theory, international relations, sociology, philosophy, law, literature and anthropology. The relevance of historical approaches within these disciplines has shifted over the centuries. Many of them, like law and economics, originally depended on self-consciously historical procedures. These included the marshalling of evidence from past experience, philological techniques and source criticism. Between the late nineteenth and the middle of the twentieth century, the influence of new methods of research, many indebted to models favoured by the natural sciences, such as statistical, analytical or empirical approaches, secured an expanding intellectual authority while the hegemony of historical methods declined in relative terms. In the aftermath of this change, the essays collected in History in the Humanities and Social Sciences reflect from a variety of angles on the relevance of historical concerns to representative disciplines as they are configured today.

Scientific behavior is as common to the humanities as it is to the social sciences—in fact, many of the humanities are social sciences, a condition that should shame neither party. Though there is a clear intellectual line beween the arts and the sciences, no such line can be drawn between the humanistic social sciences and the "social" social sciences. There is a difference in perceived social status, which could be reduced by a better understanding of the common ground on which the humanist and the social scientist stand, Professor Homans, of Harvard, states as his qualifications "that I took my bachelor's degree in English literature, I am a professor of sociology, and I write history." This article was prepared for the American Council of Learned Societies and is published with its kind permission.

1st lines: The paper questions the urban narrative of the divided and underdeveloped city that is usually applied to Rome. Rome has always been considered a backward metropolis, a divided and dependent city, suspended between the modern and industrial North and the (comparatively) rural and traditional South. Since it became the capital of Italy in 1870, the small population that used to live around the Pope's court was replaced by those caring for the needs of the civil servants in government jobs, Rome having in fact a comparatively weak industrial base. However, administration pushed the growth of the city, creating the need for a very large inflow of poor immigrants from the Southern countryside.Besides being limited and empirically inadequate, such a view arises a crucial theoretical concern: how we describe and understand the change of cities in an age of global rescaling? For instance, the two main narratives of globalization and competition; and the critique of the resulting social and spatial division, though opposed, share the same epistemological concern with generalization and explication. But the process of globalization confuses geographical scales, weaves local and global dimensions, erases physical and social boundaries.At the turn of modernity, the city is as solid as ever, though neoliberal developments tend to jeopardize all certainties. The same cannot be said of its representations, that are increasingly less coherent and productive, though encroaching the imaginary of the city and of cities policies. Thus, walking on water is somehow required in order to match new social forms and their narratives.Marc Augé calls ville-monde such new urban environments, as opposed to the global city1, based upon heterogeneity and juxtaposition. Urban space is socially fragmented, and a strict social zoning articulates society and opportunities. How than making sense of cities when cities change in an increasingly confused and mixed way? This calls for a theoretical repositioning, and a paradigmatic turn in ...

International audience ; Since its creation in 1946, the Revue française des Affaires sociales has dedicated few articles to housing, as such: barely 50 out of the 2,300 articles counted. This absence can doubtlessly be explained by the fact that, since this date, habitat and housing have not been under the administrative tutelage of the Ministry of Labour. Yet this inattention also stems from the very way in which this question is perceived; it was considered, above all, during the "post-war golden age of prosperity" (from 1945 to 1975), to be a technical and quantitative problem. As far as the government is concerned, putting numerous apartments on the public and private markets was the solution for the housing crisis, whose social aspects were under-estimated in favour of the majority. It was only at the end of the 20th century, when the crisis and poverty returned, that housing has tended to be a social matter once again, one which the Revue now addresses more than ever. ; Depuis sa fondation en 1946, la Revue française des Affaires sociales a consacré peu d'articles au logement en tant que tel : à peine 50 sur les quelque 2 300 recensés. Cette absence s'explique sans doute parce que, depuis cette date, l'habitat et le logement n'ont pas principalement relevé de la tutelle administrative du ministère du Travail. Mais cette inattention vient aussi de la perception même de la question, avant tout considérée durant les Trente Glorieuses comme un problème technique et quantitatif. Aux yeux des pouvoirs publics, la mise sur le marché public et privé de nombreux appartements était le remède à la crise du logement dont les aspects sociaux étaient sous-estimés au profit du nombre. Ce n'est qu'avec le retour de la crise et de la pauvreté de la fin duXXe siècle, que le logement tend à redevenir une question sociale, sur laquelle se penche désormais davantage la revue.

International audience ; Since its creation in 1946, the Revue française des Affaires sociales has dedicated few articles to housing, as such: barely 50 out of the 2,300 articles counted. This absence can doubtlessly be explained by the fact that, since this date, habitat and housing have not been under the administrative tutelage of the Ministry of Labour. Yet this inattention also stems from the very way in which this question is perceived; it was considered, above all, during the "post-war golden age of prosperity" (from 1945 to 1975), to be a technical and quantitative problem. As far as the government is concerned, putting numerous apartments on the public and private markets was the solution for the housing crisis, whose social aspects were under-estimated in favour of the majority. It was only at the end of the 20th century, when the crisis and poverty returned, that housing has tended to be a social matter once again, one which the Revue now addresses more than ever. ; Depuis sa fondation en 1946, la Revue française des Affaires sociales a consacré peu d'articles au logement en tant que tel : à peine 50 sur les quelque 2 300 recensés. Cette absence s'explique sans doute parce que, depuis cette date, l'habitat et le logement n'ont pas principalement relevé de la tutelle administrative du ministère du Travail. Mais cette inattention vient aussi de la perception même de la question, avant tout considérée durant les Trente Glorieuses comme un problème technique et quantitatif. Aux yeux des pouvoirs publics, la mise sur le marché public et privé de nombreux appartements était le remède à la crise du logement dont les aspects sociaux étaient sous-estimés au profit du nombre. Ce n'est qu'avec le retour de la crise et de la pauvreté de la fin duXXe siècle, que le logement tend à redevenir une question sociale, sur laquelle se penche désormais davantage la revue.