Suchergebnisse

The Byzantine emperor Leo III (717-741) came from the period of anarchy, but he managed to put an end to social chaos and establish a stable reign. This dissertation does not describe the reign of Leo III in a chronological order, but discusses each aspect of his policy against the historical background. Concretely speaking, the dissertation is divided into six chapters. The first chapter analyzes the development of the thematic system. Thanks to Leo's reform on the size and structure of the themata, especially the system of apothekai, the themata gradually became the basic unit of civil administration. The second chapter deals with the Ecloga compiled by Leo III. After analyzing its civil law and penal code, we can get Leo III's ideas of running the state. The third chapter discusses the relationship between Leo and Rome. During the first half of his reign, Leo III tried to control Rome, but the Empire had already lost control over northern and central Italy. On the other hand, the Empire could do nothing to help Rome fight against the Lombard invasion. Iconoclasm made the situation worse. Leo finally recognized the situation and decided to restrict the power of the Roman papacy. Under such circumstances, the papacy began to look for independence and it tried to make alliance with the Frankish kingdom. The fourth chapter deals with Leo's iconoclastic policy. Leo III himself believed in Iconoclasm and truly supported the iconoclasts. But he knew well that Iconoclasm would lead to social chaos, so he tried to restrain the movement. In a nutshell, Iconoclasm was a tug-of-war between Leo III's two identities, i.e. between a politically-minded ambitious emperor and a pious Christian with private believes. The emperor managed to achieve his religious purpose through a series of peaceful propaganda moves and sporadic acts of Iconoclasm. Meanwhile, the dominant theme of social life during the reign of Leo III was not the iconoclasm, but the praise of this new Savior of the Empire. The fifth and the sixth chapters ...

This thesis seeks to explore the gendered politics in Sophocles' Trachiniae. In particular, in the first chapter, I suggest that Deianeira's Amazonian prehistory introduces from the outset a paradoxical and unstable symbol of similarity and difference that creates tension between masculinity and femininity. Following that, in the second chapter, I discuss the remote and monstrous un-political setting that is defined by disclaimers of marriage and illicit sexualities, namely Herakles and his monstrous competitors (Acheloos, Nessos), in order to argue that this world is juxtaposed to the social sustainability that is ensured through the well-being of the oikos. With an Amazon being placed within the civilized arrangement of an oikos, Trachiniae negotiates the locus of the female and advocates the need to expel the monstrous sexualities from the polis. Within the blurred boundaries of gender distinctions, however, it is striking that the sustainability of the oikos and the polis is projected onto the female pole while the male is deployed to project their destruction. Next, in the third chapter, through a discussion of the marital narratives of the drama, I follow the way this irregular mythical material is civilized to be included within a structure that repeatedly refers to marriage. It will appear that the structure of the play is formed on the basis of repeated distortions of the wedding ritual, and consequently of nuptial gender categories, so that the entire synthesis can be read as the dramatization of three potential marriages, two 'death as marriage' ceremonies and a funeral. In the fourth chapter, I focus on Deianeira's interaction with the monstrous Centaur and the problematic of this exchange, which I read as the reasonable and unpreventable consequence of an already corroded network of reciprocities. As a follow up to this exchange, I look closer at the play's proposal as far as the consequences of this deed are concerned and in relation to different systems of justice. Finally, in my last chapter, I ...

The central hypothesis of the dissertation examines the impact of the Ottoman reforms on the borderlands between the Ottoman Empire and the Greek Kingdom. The Period examined extends from the time of the establishment of the Greek-Ottoman frontier to the aftermath of the reforms that followed the end of the Crimean War.The first chapter is titled " Approaching the first Ottoman=Greek borderlands" locates the history of the first Greek-Ottoman frontier and the social groups that lived in the borderland during the period of Ottoman reforms in the context of the broader debate concerning the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, adopting center-periphery analysis.The second chapter titled "Borders in Creation" examined the creation, the diplomacy and the topography of the frontier and presents the respective international agreements. Extensive use of documents from Ottoman Archives for the first time is elaborated in this chapter.The third chapter titled "The establishment of border administration until 1840" deals with the security situation of the borderlands, with the efforts by the Ottoman government to control the centrifugal forces in the provinces (ayans, derbentci, Albanian, beys, armatoloi) and with the failure of the government to extend its control to the region. The fourth chapter titled "Ottoman reform endeavors, Greek irredentism and banditry (1840-1850) with extensive use of Ottoman archival documents, the state-building efforts of both states in the 1840s through the establishment of provincial administrative structures that depended from the central authorities. Indeed, the 1840s was a heated period for the Eastern Question, one of episodes of irredentist outbreaks in Crete and in Southeastern Europe.The fifth chapter is titled "Reforming provincial security and border management (1848-1853) analyses the security structures in the Ottoman provinces, namely the institution of Zaptiye (gendarmerie), their relation with local social groups and with the Greek irregulars within the broader socioeconomic ...

The Ph.D dissertation examines the persuasive power of valenced metaphors in the context of an economic crisis. Starting from a Prime Minister's speech from the remote Greek island of Kastelorizo, this thesis investigates the extent of metaphor use in five proclamations delivered by the Greek Prime Minister, George Papandreou, during the first years of the economic crisis in Greece. These proclamations are compared to speeches delivered in the Greek Parliament. The results revealed that the proclamations addressing the Greek public were found to mainly consist of positively valenced metaphors, while this was not the case in the addresses in the Parliament. The analysis also revealed particular patterns of metaphor use with the travel frame (motion schema) being the by-default type of metaphoric frame used to structure the proclamations. In order to examine the full persuasive potential of metaphoric language in the particular context, an experimental part followed the corpus analysis. In this part of the research participants listened to different types of a message in terms of metaphor valence. Contrary to what was expected, the results did not show an advantage of positive metaphors over negative ones in terms of persuasion. On the contrary, it was the literal -control- negative condition that was shown to be persuasive to a limited extent. ; Η διδακτορική διατριβή εξετάζει τη δύναμη της πειθούς των μεταφορών με θετικό ή με αρνητικό σθένος στο περιβάλλον μίας οικονομικής κρίσης. Ξεκινώντας από ένα διάγγελμα του πρωθυπουργού από το ακριτικό Καστελόριζο, η διατριβή μελετά το εύρος της χρήσης του μεταφορικού λόγου σε πέντε διαγγέλματα του Έλληνα πρωθυπουργού, Γιώργου Παπανδρέου, κατά τα πρώτα χρόνια της οικονομικής κρίσης στην Ελλάδα. Αυτά τα διαγγέλματα αντιπαραβάλλονται με ομιλίες του πρωθυπουργού στη Βουλή. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα διαγγέλματα προς το Ελληνικό κοινό αποτελούνταν κυρίως από μεταφορές θετικού σθένους, κάτι το οποίο δεν ίσχυε για τις ομιλίες στη Βουλή. Η ανάλυση επίσης αποκάλυψε ...

Fil: Alonso, Paula. University of San Andrés. Department of Humanities; Argentina. ; Fil: Alonso, Paula. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Humanidades; Argentina.

Digital humanities is an academic field applying computational methods to explore topics and questions in the humanities field. Digital humanities projects, as a result, consist of a variety of creative works different from those in traditional humanities disciplines. Born to provide free, simple ways to grant permissions to creative works, Creative Commons (CC) licenses have become top options for many digital humanities scholars to handle intellectual property rights in the US. However, there are limitations of using CC licenses that are sometimes unknown by scholars and academic librarians. By analyzing case studies and influential lawsuits about intellectual property rights in the digital age, this article advocates for a critical perspective of copyright education and provides academic librarians with specific recommendations about advising digital humanities scholars to use CC licenses with four limitations in mind: 1) the pitfall of a free license; 2) the risk of irrevocability; 3) the ambiguity of NonCommercial and NonDerivative licenses; 4) the dilemma of ShareAlike and the open movement.

As visualization becomes widespread in a broad range of cross-disciplinary academic domains, such as the digital humanities (DH), critical voices have been raised on the perils of neglecting the uncertain character of data in the visualization design process. Visualizations that, purposely or not, obscure or remove uncertainty in its different forms from the scholars&rsquo vision may negatively affect the manner in which humanities scholars regard computational methods as useful tools in their daily work. In this paper, we address the issue of uncertainty representation in the context of the humanities from a theoretical perspective, in an attempt to provide the foundations of a framework that allows for the construction of ecological interface designs which are able to expose the computational power of the algorithms at play while, at the same time, respecting the particularities and needs of humanistic research. To this end, we review past uncertainty taxonomies in other domains typically related to the humanities and visualization, such as cartography and GIScience. From this review, we select an uncertainty taxonomy related to the humanities that we link to recent research in visualization for the DH. Finally, we bring a novel analytics method developed by other authors (Progressive Visual Analytics) into question, which we argue can be a good candidate to resolve the aforementioned difficulties in DH practice.

There has been much debate in recent years as to what constitutes the digital humanities. This article argues that one way to articulate the digital humanities is through a focus on the democratization of the humanities, by increasing access to and participation in the humanities, rather than through an emphasis on technology use. Using a case study approach, and the theory of structuration, this article examines how digital humanists are attempting to expand the reach and diversity of the humanities through the digitization of data and the building of digital tools.Dans les dernières années, il y a eu beaucoup de débats sur les propriétés des sciences humaines numériques. Cet article soutient qu'une manière de définir celles-ci consisterait à mettre l'accent sur leur démocratisation, avec l'idée d'un accès et d'une participation accrus, plutôt que sur leur technologie. Cet article a recours à des études de cas et à la théorie de la structuration pour examiner comment on essaie d'accroître l'étendue et la diversité des sciences humaines au moyen de la numérisation des données et du développement d'outils numériques.

This study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of thecameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases. ; Ce travail porte sur le développement de l'hygiène publique dans le royaume deGrèce entre 1833, année de ...

This presentation was part of the Reframing History: Public Digital Humanities and the Making of New Civic Narratives Panel at the conference. Panel description: Showcasing generative digital scholarship and public humanities practice, this panel will explore efforts to radically reframe local and regional histories of Central Florida and consider the implications for civic discourse on critical issues (race relations, economic development, historic preservation, gentrification, etc.) linking past, present, and future. Traditional narratives of this region have focused almost exclusively on Great Men (typically wealthy white investor-philanthropists) and the Great Homes, Businesses, and Cultural Institutions they established. Today, community leaders are demanding more inclusive narratives. In this panel, presenters discuss the digital pedagogy and public humanities practices they have employed to recover the Black Social Worlds (Chambliss), cultural traditions (Baker), patronage networks (French), and preservation strategies (McPherson) of economically and politically marginalized African American communities. In developing a public digital humanities practice that embraces on and offline projects, they seek to add depth, context, and clarity to a regional history that extends, illuminates, and at times disrupts the broader narrative of southern history. From dynamic classroom experiences that empower students to community engagement through walking tours, ���history harvests,��� podcasts and museum exhibits they argue, bringing the digital to the public has multiple benefits to expand our vision of the black experience.

International audience; In recent years, European governments and funders, universities and academic societies have increasingly discovered the digital humanities as a new and exciting field that promises new discoveries in humanities research. The funded projects are, however, often ad hoc experiments and stand in isolation from other national and international work. What is lacking is an infrastructure to leverage these pioneering projects into systematic investigations, with methods and technical environments that can be taken up by others. The editors of this special issue are both directors of Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities (DARIAH), which aims to set up a virtual bridge between the many digital arts and humanities projects across Europe. DARIAH is being developed with an understanding that infrastructure does not need to imply a seemingly generic and neutral set of technologies, but should be based upon communities.

ABSTRACTThis thesis explores the ways in which Orhan Pamuk and his pre-Nobel novels in English translation were recontextualized, i.e. received and (re)presented, in translation and journalistic discourse in the UK and USA, two major centers of the Anglophone literary world. The English translations of Pamuk's books and their reception as presented in the reviews or other journalistic articles are inarguably two crucial factors in establishing Orhan Pamuk as a writer of world literature. Therefore, the analyses in the present study focus on the translations themselves on one level and on another, the journalistic texts, such as reviews, interviews with and news articles about Pamuk, all of which form the discourse surrounding Pamuk's novels, shaping and representing their reception in the target cultures. The corpus of the present study comprises Pamuk's pre-Nobel novels, namely The White Castle (1990), The Black Book (1994 and 2006), The New Life (1997), My Name is Red (2001) and Snow (2004). Among these, The Black Book in its two translations, and Snow, Pamuk's last novel published in English translation before he won the Nobel Prize in 2006, are subjected to comparative textual analysis as two case studies. The analyses of the journalistic texts reveal that the (re)presentation, hence the reception, of Pamuk's novels are heavily marked by "metonymics" (Tymoczko 1999), the representative potential of literary translations to stand for the socio-cultural, political and historical realities of their source culture. In this respect, Pamuk's novels are linked, in the overwhelming majority of these texts, to a broader discourse on Turkey's identity and status in world politics and in what is conceptualized as "the Muslim world", mainly described in terms of the idea of "clash of civilizations". As such, the novels were received and presented as providing insights into the history, politics and cultural identity of the country. Orhan Pamuk's own influence on this reception was also demonstrated by the analysis of ...

The European Commission issued a recommendation on 17 July 2012 in favour of open access to the results of publicly funded research. The question asked to public policies is how long access can be paid before the article moves to free of charge. It is therefore necessary to measure the gains and costs of such an open access policy in order to determine the optimal deadline for an embargo. ; La Commission européenne a émis le 17 juillet 2012 une recommandation en faveur du libre accès aux résultats de la recherche financée sur fonds publics.La question posée aux politiques publiques est celle de la durée pendant laquelle l'accès peut être payant avant le passage à la gratuité de l'article. Il s'agit donc de prendre la mesure des gains et des coûts d'une telle politique de libre accès pour déterminer quel serait le délai optimal d'embargo.

Recent trends in the digital humanities have produced significant breakthroughs in humanities research. Yet the production of high-quality open-access, teaching-centered projects has not kept pace with these research innovations. But the founding values of the field offer a way forward. Joseph Locke and Ben Wright, editors of the open American history textbook The American Yawp survey the history of open educational resources and call digital humanists to maintain the spirit of openness and pedagogical innovation that animated the early period of digital humanities. By providing a practical bridge between the fundamental values of the digital humanities and the realities of contemporary classrooms, Locke and Wright both historicize and advocate for the democratic imperatives of the field. www.americanyawp.com

PhD research is based on two French language plays of 20th century, Jean-Claude Brisville's and Bernard da Costa's.These two contemporary writers present the conversation between exquisite personalities, who had a great impact on 17th, Descartes-Pascal, and on 18th century, Frédéric-Voltaire. The research method of our study is Lucien Goldmann's dialectic method, the genetic structuralism, which we use in order to analyze at first these charismatic personalities of 17th and 18th century and then to study the writers of 20th century. We tried to have a double Goldmann's approach, not only concerning the historical personalities, these ones both of philosophers and of philosophy amateurs, but also concerning the writers of 20th century. We proceed to the study of life- that means the attitude and the mentality of both heroes, always according to Goldmann's theory on which the whole approach is based. There is also a summary of each play so that we exam each conversation or better each debate between two historical figures, source of inspiration for both contemporary writers. These two plays reflect the philosophers' points of view of classical era at first and then of the French Enlightenment, through the debate between two personalities of each play, concerning not only their way of life but also their way of thinking and attitude. Consequently, we face both common points and different ones which make us accomplish a profound research. Under these conditions, the genetic structuralism is completed thanks to biographic information that Goldmann himself supports so that the writer-historian enriches all the aspects that he analyses independently his object. In conclusion, the debate analysis between two significant spirits helps us to conceive their philosophical ideas, political and social ones which represent not only their era but also the 20th century. According to genetic structuralism, we arrive to discover the vision of world, especially the tragic one that these two writers adopt through their plays, ...