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Οι χάρτες παλαιών εκδόσεων συχνά αποτελούν την απόδειξη της ύπαρξης και την αποτύπωση ενός παλαιότερου φυσικού περιβάλλοντος, που σε πολλές περιπτώσεις εξαιτίας της αστικοποίησης έχει αλλοιωθεί και χαθεί για πάντα. Στην εργασία αυτή, με την σύγκριση δύο διαφορετικών σειρών τοπογραφικών χαρτών καταγράφονται οι μεταβολές του φυσικού γεωμορφολογικού περιβάλλοντος στην παράκτια ζώνη της νοτιοδυτικής Αττικής. Η πρώτη σειρά χαρτών είναι χρονολογίας έκδοσης από το 1882 έως 1887 και η δεύτερη πρόσφατης έκδοσης της ΓΥΣ. Συνολικά εξετάσθηκαν δεκατρείς διαφορετικές περιοχές. Με τη μελέτη και τη σύγκριση των περιοχών στους χάρτες προέκυψε ότι οι εκτενείς ανθρωπογενείς επεμβάσεις είχαν ως αποτέλεσμα την αλλοίωση των φυσικογεωγραφικών χαρακτηριστικών της παράκτιας ζώνης. Συγκεκριμένα παρατηρείται εξαφάνιση σχεδόν όλων των παράκτιων θινών, αποξήρανση και επιχωμάτωση των παλαιών τεναγών και των αλυκών. Επίσης υπολογίστηκε η έκταση που κάλυπταν οι παράκιιες θίνες και τα τενάγη. Παρατηρήθηκαν ακόμη εκτεταμένες επιχωματώσεις και τεχνητές προελάσεις της ξηράς, έντονη και πυκνή οικιστική δόμηση όλης της περιοχής, έντονη τουριστική ανάπτυξη, εκτεταμένες αλλαγές των χρήσεων της γης, κατασκευή μεγάλων τεχνικών έργων, εκτροπή και διευθέτηση των κοιτών και των εκβολών των περισσότερων ποταμών ή χειμάρρων, διευθέτηση των ακτών της εξεταζόμενης περιοχής, εξαφάνιση της παλαιάς βλάστησης και της δασικής έκτασης ; This paper deals with the recording of the changes of the natural géomorphologie environment of the southwestern coastal zone of Attica through the comparison of two different series of maps. The first series is dated from 1882 until 1887 and the second is a recent one by the Geographic Military Service (GMS). Thirteen different regions were studied in total. When studying and comparing the regions on the maps along with the on site research, we observed that the natural geographical features of the coastal zone have been altered via the human interference. To be more specific, the coastal dunes have almost vanished and the old lagoons have been dried or banked up. Finally, the surface covered by the coastal dunes and the lagoons was also measured. It is remarkable to add that the whole region is characterized by intense filling up, artificial expansion of the land against the sea, dense construction of buildings, important tourist development, changes of the land use, public works, riverbed management and disappearance of the past flora and the forestry areas.

summary is the animal a topic of interest to Carl Schmitt? Academic commonality presupposes that the question of the animal is unrelated both to Schmitt's intellectual interests and to its understanding of the political, theological and relationship between them. In this work, we suggest that this impression should be reviewed in the light of textual evidence revealing Schmitt's interest in the issue of the animal and the performers of his work who, albeit tangentially, take part in the discussion. ; RESUMEN ¿Es el animal es un tema de interés para Carl Schmitt? El sentido común académico presupone que la cuestión del animal es ajena tanto a los intereses intelectuales de Schmitt como a su concepción de lo político, de lo teológico y de la relación que ambos mantienen entre sí. En este trabajo sugerimos que esta impresión debe ser revisada a la luz de evidencia textual que revela el interés de Schmitt por la cuestión del animal y de intérpretes de su obra que, aunque de manera tangencial, participan de la discusión.

National hearing The article presents the main components of the civil service reform and the Staff Regulations and highlights the link with the reorganisation linked to the general review of public policies. ; National audience L'article présente les grandes composantes de la réforme de la fonction publique et du statut des fonctionnaires et met en évidence le lien avec les réorganisation liées à la révision générale des politiques publiques.

International audience We assess fiscal performances in G7 and selected Latin American and Asian countries. We analyze two questions: (i) have public finances been sustainable? (ii) do countries follow more restrictive fiscal policies when debt starts to rise? We find that: (i) The traditional unit root tests often overlook the corrective actions taken by many governments. Controlling for structural breaks changes the nonstationarity results dramatically among the three groups; (ii) Estimation of a reaction function for governments, expanded by incorporating structural breaks, provides further evidence for significant active anti-debt policies among the G7 and to a lesser extent in the other regions.

policy analysis, as a field of scientific research aimed at bringing greater rationality, effectiveness and democracy to the processes of training, decision-making and implementation of public policies, has been developed since the middle of the last century. In this period, the so called 'policy sciences' went through major developments, which now make it possible to identify at least three major perspectives for analysis: a traditional approach based on data and evidence, a second so-called cognitivist perspective that takes into account the role of ideas and, finally, a post-empiricist perspective that aims to democratise policy analysis. We propose to the reader an overview of these perspectives (Roth, 2014) and conclude by pointing out some avenues for rethinking democracy and its institutions from the analysis of public policies. ; El análisis de política, como campo de investigación científica que pretende aportar mayor racionalidad, efectividad y democracia a los procesos de formación, decisión e implementación de políticas públicas, se ha desarrollado a partir de mediados del siglo pasado. En este lapso, las llamadas "ciencias de la política" (policy sciences) pasaron por importantes desarrollos que permiten hoy señalar, por lo menos, tres grandes perspectivas de análisis: una perspectiva tradicional basada en los datos y las evidencias, una segunda perspectiva llamada cognitivista que toma en consideración el papel de las ideas y, por última, una perspectiva post-empiricista que pretende democratizar el análisis de políticas. Proponemos al lector una síntesis de estas perspectivas (Roth, 2014) y concluimos señalando algunas pistas para repensar la democracia y sus instituciones desde el análisis de políticas públicas.

In contrast to the "attack" of the German statement, the closing of the statement, i.e. the right periphery, still presents many phenomena that can be explored. Among the left-behind of the German syntax is the occupation of the post-last position (Nachfeld) by a constituent without verb. The linearisation of the wording thus arranged is of the 'marked' type. Situated at the very end of the verbal statement, the post last position − a structurally Facul' position at the level of the statement — is frequently exploited in political discourse, halfway between oral and written. For what purpose (s) does the speaker delay the emergence of information with an important communicative weight in textual dynamics? What are the challenges of the post last occupation in political discourse? At the interface between syntax and pragmatic lto sensu, this empirical analysis aims to highlight the involvement of post-final constituents in structuring, and beyond, the coherence of discourse. ; International audience ; In contrast to the "attack" of the German statement, the closing of the statement, i.e. the right periphery, still presents many phenomena that can be explored. Among the left-behind of the German syntax is the occupation of the post-last position (Nachfeld) by a constituent without verb. The linearisation of the wording thus arranged is of the 'marked' type. Situated at the very end of the verbal statement, the post last position − a structurally Facul' position at the level of the statement — is frequently exploited in political discourse, halfway between oral and written. For what purpose (s) does the speaker delay the emergence of information with an important communicative weight in textual dynamics? What are the challenges of the post last occupation in political discourse? At the interface between syntax and pragmatic lto sensu, this empirical analysis aims to highlight the involvement of post-final constituents in structuring, and beyond, the coherence of discourse. ; À l'inverse de « l'attaque » de l'énoncé ...

International audience The way seemed to be promisingly open for the decade 2000 to become a period of the rich and shared implementation of practical and key developments in terms of forest biodiversity. Some steps forward have been made, especially in terms of protected areas both in overseas and mainland France, development of certification schemes and decentralisation. However, the emergence of the climate issue and the reduction in public funds and human resource allocations, among other reasons, slowed down the expected improvements. The 1999 and 2009 storms highlighted the low resilience of the dominant silvicultural model. In the area of climate change, short-term mitigation policies tend to overshadow guidelines aimed at long term adaptation and call on a partial approach that does not take into account the forest ecosystem as a whole. In fact, France's commitments in respect of the EU and the resolutions that arose from the Grenelle consultations have strongly reintroduced the question of increasing wood harvesting into public debate, creating sharp new tensions in many forests, especially public ones. It was a difficult task to implement Natura 2000 on 10% of the forested area. This article is a review of 10 years of debate and practice relating to the introduction of biodiversity concerns into forest management in France. It describes some avenues for moving forward in the current decade. ; La voie semblait toute tracée pour que la décennie 2000 soit une période de mise en pratique partagée et fructueuse d'évolutions concrètes et majeures en matière de biodiversité forestière. Des avancées ont eu lieu, notamment en matière d'espaces protégés en métropole et outre-mer, de développement de la certification, de décentralisation. Cependant, l'émergence de la question climatique et la diminution des moyens humains et financiers publics ont, entre autres raisons, freiné les améliorations attendues. Les tempêtes de 1999 puis de 2009 ont mis en évidence la faible résilience du modèle sylvicole dominant. Les ...

This work investigates the impact of the student's work on his/her academic performance. Data from the 1994 first census of students' students are used to analyse the relationship between time spent on work and students' academic performance. The results are compatible with the conflicting arguments on this relationship. On the one hand, if a linear model is required, hours worked have a negative impact on performance. On the other hand, in a non-linear specification, hours worked are associated in a positive and decreasing way. In other words, for a moderate level of hours worked, the impact may be positive. If only students with career related jobs are considered, there is also a non-linear relationship, where the positive relationship is shown for a higher level of hours worked. By contrast, if only the group with unrelated work is analysed, the relationship is negative, whatever the level of hours worked. Research provides empirical foundations for university legislation on internships about the working conditions of the student that preserve his/her academic performance. Department of Economics ; En este trabajo se investiga la incidencia del trabajo del estudiante en su desempeño académico. Para analizar la relación entre el tiempo dedicado al trabajo y el desempeño académico de los alumnos se utilizan datos del Primer Censo de estudiantes de universidades nacionales de 1994. Los resultados compatibilizan con los argumentos contrapuestos sobre esta relación. Por un lado, si se postula un modelo lineal, se encuentra que las horas trabajadas inciden negativamente sobre el rendimiento. Por otro lado, en una especificación no lineal, las horas trabajadas se asocian en forma positiva y decreciente. En otros términos, para un nivel moderado de horas trabajadas, la incidencia puede ser positiva. Si se consideran sólo los alumnos con trabajos vinculados a la carrera, también se encuentra una relación no lineal, donde la relación positiva se evidencia para un mayor nivel de horas trabajadas. En contraste, si se ...

The climate plan of the Toulouse Métropole Urban Community: a "standard" territorial approach to adapting to climate change Mots Clés: city, Adaptation, Climate Change, Public Action, Climate Policy, Urban Planning Summary: This article proposes to characterise the climate change adaptation approach of the urban community in metropolitan Toulouse. On the basis of the Toulousan case study and a comparison with other territorial approaches, the examination of the discourse and practices of local public action makes it possible to clarify how the climate problem is territorialised. This analysis thus highlights the main difficulties in building action to adapt to the effects of climate change in urban areas. By comparison, it also reveals the effects of mimetism and standardisation in the local translation methods of this new local public policy object, making the Toulousaine study a relatively representative case of an 'ordinary' approach to adapting to climate change by French local and regional authorities. ; International audience ; The climate plan of the Toulouse Métropole Urban Community: a "standard" territorial approach to adapting to climate change Mots Clés: city, Adaptation, Climate Change, Public Action, Climate Policy, Urban Planning Summary: This article proposes to characterise the climate change adaptation approach of the urban community in metropolitan Toulouse. On the basis of the Toulousan case study and a comparison with other territorial approaches, the examination of the discourse and practices of local public action makes it possible to clarify how the climate problem is territorialised. This analysis thus highlights the main difficulties in building action to adapt to the effects of climate change in urban areas. By comparison, it also reveals the effects of mimetism and standardisation in the local translation methods of this new local public policy object, making the Toulousaine study a relatively representative case of an 'ordinary' approach to adapting to climate change by French local ...

Summary This work presents barriers perceived by manufacturing companies in Argentina and Ecuador that innovated in the product and process in their business activities. The World Bank Enterprise Surveys database of 2017 was used through a chi2 Pearson analysis and a probit model applied to a sample of 103 Ecuadorian companies and 644 Argentinian companies. Political instability, financing, labour regulations and inadequate labour force are limitations for Argentinian companies. The limiting factors associated with innovation in the process are corruption in Ecuadorian companies; in Argentina's case are crime, theft and disorder and labour regulations. Jel classification: 031; 032. ; Resumen Este trabajo presenta los obstáculos que perciben las empresas manufactureras de Argentina y Ecuador que innovaron en el producto y en el proceso en sus actividades empresariales. Se utilizó la base de datos de la Enterprise Surveys del Banco Mundial del 2017 a través de un análisis chi2 de Pearson y un modelo probit aplicados a una muestra de 103 empresas ecuatorianas y 644 empresas argentinas. La inestabilidad política, el financiamiento, las regulaciones laborales y la fuerza laboral inadecuada son limitaciones para las empresas argentinas. Los factores limitantes asociados a la innovación en el proceso son, en las empresas ecuatorianas, la corrupción; en el caso argentino son el crimen, el robo y el desorden y las regulaciones laborales. Clasificación JEL: 031; 032.

139 146 198 ; S ; [EN] Humic-like substances (HLS) extracted from urban wastes have been tested as auxiliaries for the photo Fenton removal of thiabendazole (TBZ) under simulated sunlight. Experimental design methodology based on Doehlert matrices was employed to check the effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, HLS amount as well as TBZ loading; this last parameter was studied in the range 25-100 mg/L, to include values below and above the limit of solubility at pH = 5. Very satisfactory results were reached when TBZ was above solubility if HLS and H2O2 amounts were high. This could be attributed to an interaction of HLS-TBZ that enhances the solubility of the pollutant. Additional evidence supporting the latter interaction was obtained by fluorescence measurements (excitation emission matrices) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Authors want to acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2015-69832-C04) and European Union (645551-RISE-2014, MAT4TREAT). The present work was partially supported by UNLP (11/X679), ANPCyT (PICT-2015-0374A) and CONICET (PIP: 12-2013-01-00236CO). B. Caram thank the CONICET for his research graduate grant. F. S. Garcia Einschlag is a research member of CONICET. Caram, B.; García-Ballesteros, S.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Garcia-Einschlag, FS. (2018). Humic like substances for the treatment of scarcely soluble pollutants by mild photo-Fenton process. Chemosphere. 198:139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.074

Menéndez Blanco, Andrés; González Álvarez, David; Álvarez Martínez, Valentín, Jiménez Chaparro, Jesús Ignacio (2011): New evidence of Roman military presence at the western end of the Cantabrian Mountains. Gallaecia, 30: 145-165. This work presents two new archaeological sites from the western end of the Cantabrian Cordillera, in the confluence of the provincial boundaries of Asturias, Leon and Galicia. Their characteristics allow us to recognise them as aestive crust or temporary camps built by the troops in the course of their campaign movements. Their location leads us to believe that these sites could be archaeological evidence of Bellum Asturicum in a territory considered until now to be the periphery of the conflict by the majority of authors. ; Peer reviewed ; Menéndez Blanco, Andrés; González Álvarez, David; Álvarez Martínez, Valentín, Jiménez Chaparro, Jesús Ignacio (2011): New evidence of Roman military presence at the western end of the Cantabrian Mountains. Gallaecia, 30: 145-165. This work presents two new archaeological sites from the western end of the Cantabrian Cordillera, in the confluence of the provincial boundaries of Asturias, Leon and Galicia. Their characteristics allow us to recognise them as aestive crust or temporary camps built by the troops in the course of their campaign movements. Their location leads us to believe that these sites could be archaeological evidence of Bellum Asturicum in a territory considered until now to be the periphery of the conflict by the majority of authors. ; Menéndez Blanco, Andrés; González Álvarez, David; Álvarez Martínez, Valentín & Jiménez Chaparro, Jesús Ignacio (2011): Nuevas evidencias de la presencia militar romana en el extremo occidental de la Cordillera Cantábrica. Gallaecia, 30: 145-165. En este trabajo se presentan dos nuevos yacimientos arqueológicos del extremo occidental de la Cordillera Cantábrica, en la cofluencia de los límites provinciales de Asturias, León y Galicia. Sus características nos permiten reconocerlos como castra aestiva ...

International audience In the wake of the discovery of climate change some twenty years ago, many studies on the response of trees to climate and its variations using a dendroecological approach (i.e., using ring width as an estimator for overall tree growth) were conducted to quantify the impact of those changes on the growth and vitality of forests. The more and more frequent use of ever-larger data sets led to longer statistical processing times for the data. This article presents two applications — POINTER and DENDRO — developed under the free R software that automate computing procedures for dendroecological analyses, offer simple interfaces for entering calculation parameters that are user-friendly and in French, and provide files and graphs by way of output with results that can be readily interpreted. By saving computing time and pre-analysing the output data, these are valuable tools are for French-speaking scientists, Masters' students and engineers. ; Suite à la mise en évidence des changements climatiques il y a une vingtaine d'années, les études sur la réponse des arbres au climat et à ses variations par approche dendroécologique (c'est-à-dire en utilisant la largeur de cerne comme estimateur de la croissance totale de l'arbre) se sont multipliées, afin de pouvoir quantifier l'impact de ces changements sur la croissance et la vitalité des forêts. L'utilisation de plus en plus fréquente de jeux de données de plus en plus conséquents a conduit à l'augmentation du temps de traitements statistiques des données. Cet article présente deux applications POINTER et DENDRO, développées sous le logiciel libre R, qui permettent une automatisation des procédures de calculs des analyses dendroécologiques, proposent des interfaces de saisie des paramètres de calcul simples, conviviales et en français, et fournissent des fichiers et graphiques de sortie mis en forme pour une interprétation rapide des résultats. Ces applications constituent un outil d'intérêt pour les scientifiques, les étudiants de master et les ...

International audience This paper contributes to the literature on price convergence in Europe by investigating the existence of stochastic and deterministic convergence of car prices in the EU15 countries. We apply recently developed econometric techniques that allow for multiple structural breaks to an up-to-date dataset. We find considerable evidence of both types of convergence in our sample of countries and car models, therefore suggesting a tendency for relative prices to equalise over time. In addition, we find evidence regarding the importance in this convergence process of both legislative changes taking place in the years 1996 and 2002, and the implementation of EMU.

The article highlights the historical challenges of the Bompressi, Pietrostefani and Sofri case, condemned for the murder of Commissioner Calabresi in 1972. By attributing the responsibility for the first political murder of the extreme left to Lotta continua — a non-parliamentary group which was therefore part of Bompressi, Pietrostefani and Sofri — one can justify the thesis of the 'opposite extremisms' and begin in 1972 the process of establishing 'red terrorism', by establishing a line of absolute continuity between it and radical and contemporary groups born of the 1967-1968 student revolt and its rapprochement with the 'hot autumn' labour struggles in 1969 in northern Italy. It is clear from the outset that this reading of history can be appreciated both by those who want to erase the particular responsibilities of the extreme right and part of the state apparatus in what was called 'the strategy of tension' and, on a completely different side and for all other reasons, by the tenants and activists from the line of passage to armed struggle, who can thus claim parentage without any real breaks. It is historically to disprove that reading. ; L'article met en évidence les enjeux historiques de l'affaire Bompressi, Pietrostefani et Sofri, condamnés pour l'assassinat en 1972 du commissaire Calabresi. En attribuant à Lotta continua - groupe extra-parlementaire donc faisaient partie Bompressi, Pietrostefani et Sofri - la responsabilité du premier meurtre politique de l'extrême gauche, on peut justifier la thèse des " extrémismes opposés " et faire débuter en 1972 le processus de mise en place du " terrorisme rouge ", en établissant une ligne de continuité absolue entre ce dernier et les groupes radicaux et contestataires nés de la révolte étudiante de 1967-1968 et de son rapprochement avec les luttes ouvrières de " l'automne chaud ", en 1969, dans le Nord de l'Italie. On voit d'emblée que cette lecture-là de l'histoire peut être appréciée tant par ceux qui tiennent à effacer les responsabilités particulières de ...