Nowadays, millions of companies and billions of users worldwide rely on networks either wireless or wired for their daily work and entertainment. Due to the lack of privacy-by-design and the absence of strong security mechanisms, there are multiple ways for malicious users to penetrate networks and systems. Ubiquitous Networking and Global Internet, which has become more portable and accessible than ever before through private and publicly available IT infrastructures, make unauthorized access more feasible. This also generates serious security and privacy concerns due to a number of ensuing cyber threats, especially in case of Internet access via public Wi-Fi networks. In the described context, Internet security should and can play an important role towards protecting our everyday lives and online interactions. Yet, most users are unaware of these threats and the extent to which their privacy might be compromised. Regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), have been established to safeguard and improve the privacy and security of users and IT infrastructures, enforcing the installation of adequate cybersecurity measures. The application of regulations such as the GDPR is considered an issue of vital importance protecting the privacy and ensuring the security of IT infrastructures and websites, of data controllers and processors, both inside and outside the European Union. Such regulations may act as a useful tool set, which, among other requirements, mandates the adoption of privacy (and security)-by-design. While the GDPR implies a minimum set of technical Internet Security means to be taken into consideration by companies and organizations to achieve compliance, it is of high importance to highlight the adaptation of strong security mechanisms that will not only set companies compliant with the GDPR but also maintain them strong and resilient against multiple cyber threats. In the present thesis, a big set of issues on privacy and security are analyzed, offering solutions to the ...
A Critical infrastructure is the backbone of a nation's economy, security and health. It is those infrastructures that provide power and water to homes, support the transportation and communication systems people rely on. The criteria for determining what might be a critical infrastructure, and which infrastructures thus qualify, have expanded over time (DHS, 2013). A Critical infrastructure is defined as those assets, systems and networks, whether physical or virtual, so vital to a country that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof (DHS, 2013).At the very least, a growing list of infrastructures in need of protection will require the federal government to prioritize its efforts and try to minimize the impact on the nation's critical infrastructures of any future failure of any kind (e.g. terrorist attack or systems failure) while taking into account what those impacts might be and the likelihood of their occurring (Motef et al., 2003).Considering all the above, it is made obvious that critical infrastructures, along with their services and systems must be protected against all types of failures; both human-made and natural phenomena. Critical infrastructures provide services needed for a nation to function properly and support its citizens, such as the health care system, transportations, communications etc. Even more, failures in these infrastructures can be triggered by attackers in order to maim a nation and/or to increase revenues (e.g. theft, information leakage etc).Up until now, research has focused in securing critical infrastructures by utilizing Risk Assessment methodologies based on ISOs (like the ISO 27001), security audits and penetration tests on its information systems. However, little progress has been made in securing infrastructures from failures in other, interconnected infrastructures on which they depend to work efficiently. Modern infrastructures are often ...
We are moving through the era of technological innovation, artificial intelligence, Industry 4.0, as it is called. The integration of smart technology into all sectors of society is a reality and a mean to facilitate and simplify everyday life. In this information technology industry, the development of new technology achievements influences and inspires the business world, serves and contributes to the progress of society. This rapidly evolving technological advancement needs a legal framework in order to obtain social and commercial status. Patent Law is the legal science and patent is the legal tool that adds value to intangible assets and therefore technology scientists are motivated to ensure their invention with a patent and also dominant technology enterprises are competing for the development of a strong patent portfolio. This doctoral thesis deals with the legal frame that Patent Law provides for an inventor to grant a European patent or an international one. In addition, for the first time in Greece, combining the fields of Intellectual Property Law and technological innovation, in this thesis, a survey is conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed in 2019, to graduated students of technology institutes in Greece. The purpose of the survey is to clarify the knowhow of students as for the legal aspects of technology. Regarding the results of the survey, it is vital to apply measures in education, for the next generation technical inventors to have the knowhow of utilizing their intellectual asset in their own free will. Further, this thesis introduces and presents smart technology and its application in society, by directly exploiting the Internet of Energy (IoE) and the Internet of Things technology (IoT) into distributed energy systems, with the aim to achieve energy efficiency, to avoid energy wasting, and improve environmental conditions. In addition, this thesis refers to European's Union legislation for the gradually transformation of the building potential of all European Member States ...
Η κρίση της πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας ως ιδιαίτερης μάθησης σχετίζεται με τους μετασχηματισμούς της δημοκρατίας στη νεωτερικότητα. Με βάση αυτή τη διαπίστωση, μπορούμε να διακρίνουμε δύο παραδόσεις μέσα στην πολιτική φιλοσοφία: η μία παράδοση επικεντρώνεται στην καταγωγική έννοια της διαβούλευσης- η δεύτερη, η οποία γεννήθηκε ως αντίδραση στην «αστική-φιλελεύθερη» εκδοχή της διαβού- λευσης, συνδέθηκε με τις θεωρίες της απόφασης. Πίσω από την ένταση μεταξύ των δύο παραδόσεων, αναγνωρίζουμε την αντίθεση του ορθολογισμού και του ιστορισμού η οποία χαρακτηρίζει την ύστερη δημοκρατική νεωτερικότητα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, συντελείται η μετεξέλιξη των όρων της διαβούλευσης και της απόφασης. Η διαβούλενση μειώνεται σε ορθολογική συζήτηση γνωμών και δοξογραφικό πλουραλισμό. Η «απόφαση», με τη σειρά της, τείνει να γίνει είτε μία βολονταριστική αυθαιρεσία είτε ένα εργαλειακό decision making. Στο εξής, η ανασυγκρότηση της πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας απαιτεί την ενσωμάτωση ενός δημοκρατικού και θεσμικού βολονταρισμού. Η πολιτική βούληση αναδεικνύεται έτσι σε κριτικό εργαλείο για τη «θεραπεία» της κρίσης της πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας. Εν προκειμένω, η διευρυμένη έννοια της διαβούλευσης -υ- περβαίνοντας τα επίπεδα της απλής διαπραγμάτευσης και γνωμοδότησης- επαναπροσδιορίζει ουσιαστικά το αντικείμενο της σύγχρονης πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας.
Acknowledgments We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, ICORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, The Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK; DOE and NSF, USA. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (The Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide. ; This paper presents the performance of the ATLAS muon reconstruction during the LHC run with pp collisions at s√=7–8 TeV in 2011–2012, focusing mainly on data collected in 2012. Measurements of the reconstruction efficiency and of the momentum scale and resolution, based on large reference samples of J/ψ→μμ, Z→μμ and Υ→μμ decays, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Corrections to the simulation, to be used in physics analysis, are provided. Over most of the covered phase space (muon |η|<2.7 and 5≲pT≲100 GeV) the efficiency is above 99% and is measured with per-mille precision. The momentum resolution ranges from 1.7% at central rapidity and for transverse momentum pT≃10 GeV, to 4% at large rapidity and pT≃100 GeV. The momentum scale is known with an uncertainty of 0.05% to 0.2% depending on rapidity. A method for the recovery of final state radiation from the muons is also presented. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWF, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Lundbeckfonden ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; European Union (EU) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France ; GNSF, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; NSRF, Greece ; Israel Science Foundation ; MINERVA, Israel ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; I-CORE, Israel ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; BRF, Norway ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; GRICES, Portugal ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; Russian Federation ; JINR ; MSTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SER, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland ; National Science Council of Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; ICREA
