Suchergebnisse

name for two military confrontations with global (global) dimensions, i.e. the acts of war actually take place in all parts of the world or in all oceans. ; Bezeichnung für zwei militärische Auseinandersetzungen mit weltumspannenden (globalen) Ausmaßen, d. h., die kriegerischen Handlungen finden tatsächlich auf allen Erdteilen bzw. auf allen Weltmeeren statt.

Briefing by Y. Le BOHEC, History of Roman Wars. Mid-20th century J.-C. — 410 after J.-C., Paris: Tallandier, 2017 ; Compte-rendu de Y. Le Bohec, Histoire des guerres romaines. Milieu du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. – 410 après J.-C., Paris : Tallandier, 2017

This paper seeks to explore the sour relationship underlying Muslims and their Western counterparts; a relationship that spanned several centuries and traversed regions and climes. The paper surveys the long years of contact between Islam and the West and shows how, despite the long years of contact and interactions, the relationship has continued to remain sour, not so cordial and often replete with conflict, clashes and at times, wars and bloodshed. The paper surveys this age-old relation and shows how it is punctuated by animosity, mutual distrust, bigotry, fear and uneasy calm. The Paper concludes by debunking the treachery, the sinister motives as well as the pathological hatred of anything Muslim and Islamic that is often exhibited by the West on the nation of Islam.

This first study on the exile of Russians in France in the period between two wars conveniently fills some gaps in the history of immigration. ; Cette première étude sur l'exil des Russes en France dans l'entre-deux guerres comble judicieusement certaines lacunes de l'histoire de l'immigration.

After the end of the Cold War, attempts to think about civil wars — persistent or ongoing — have increased. Three currents have acquired a particular influence on the academic or political debate. With — and malicious — their very profound differences in analysis and requirements, they came together to form a nebulous one, the new legitimate problem, taking the place of the Cold War, which, like the Cold War, has its deadlocks, blind points and its political implications (.). ; Après la fin de la guerre froide, les tentatives pour penser les guerres civiles - persistantes ou nouvelles- se sont multipliées. Trois courants ont acquis une influence particulière sur le débat universitaire ou politique. Avec - et malgré- leurs très profondes différences d'analyse et de prescriptions, ils en sont venus à constituer ensemble une nébuleuse qui s'impose comme la nouvelle problématique légitime, venue prendre la place de celle de la guerre froide et qui comporte, comme celle-ci, ses impasses, ses points aveugles et ses implications politiques (.).

International audience ; Séminaires franco-britanniques « Science et technologie et Société depuis la Seconde Guerre Mondiale », 15 et 29 octobre, 12 et 26 novembre 1996

As a historical term, fascism is essentially related to the period of the interwar period, when it was used by the Italian regime and a wide range of smaller movements in other countries. But as a political concept, it has a much broader and longer history, which continues until today. How does the history of fascism relate to fascism as a generic policy concept? In this interview, British historian Roger Griffin, the best specialist in comparative studies on fascism, answers this and other related questions. He developed his views on the history and doctrine of fascism, referred to the emergence and development of this movement between the two wars and explained why it had flourished in some countries, while it remained marginal in others. Based on its own definition of fascism (an ideology centred on the myth of national renaissance), Griffin describes the link between the history of the phenomenon and the political concept, before, at the end of the interview, commenting on the use of the term 'fascism' in the current political context and explaining how fascism can be distinguished from other right-wing ideologies. ; International audience ; As a historical term, fascism is essentially related to the period of the interwar period, when it was used by the Italian regime and a wide range of smaller movements in other countries. But as a political concept, it has a much broader and longer history, which continues until today. How does the history of fascism relate to fascism as a generic policy concept? In this interview, British historian Roger Griffin, the best specialist in comparative studies on fascism, answers this and other related questions. He developed his views on the history and doctrine of fascism, referred to the emergence and development of this movement between the two wars and explained why it had flourished in some countries, while it remained marginal in others. Based on its own definition of fascism (an ideology centred on the myth of national renaissance), Griffin describes the link between ...

713 717 44 ; S ; [EN] Alzira, the capital of the Ribera del Júcar, has historically played a prominent role within the Comunitat Valenciana. The first settlement of the city dates back to the Moorish domination, and after the Reconquista, together with Xativa, Alcoi and Elx, it became one of the main cities of the ancient Reino de Valencia. Its architectural heritage is a witness of this remarkable past, including the glorious example of the Moorish wall, built almost entirely using the technique of rammed earth. Throughout history, the Moorish wall and the entire architectural heritage of Alzira have suffered extensive damage due to multiple factors, including neglect, wars and numerous floods. Throughout history, floods have had a significant impact on the architectural and cultural heritage of the city, as chronicled at the time, given that until the 1960s, the historic centre was surrounded by the two branches of the river Júcar. This study aims to analyse the response of earthen architecture to flooding, assessing its resilience and vulnerability through the analysis of the case of the city of Alzira and, in particular, of its historic centre. The research will therefore investigate the adaptation of earthen architecture and traditional techniques to floods. The recognition of these good practices used in the past and the establishment of a level of risk will be crucial to developing measures for the prevention and mitigation of the effects of floods, such as structural reinforcements and protective devices. This work is part of the research project Earthen architecture in the Iberian Peninsula: study of natural, social and anthropic risks and strategies to improve resilience Risk-Terra (ref. RTI2018-095302-B-I00; main researchers: Camilla Mileto and Fernando Vegas), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University. Trizio, F.; Mileto, C.; Torrijo, F.; Lidón De-Miguel, M. (2020). Preliminary Analysis of Earthen Architecture Response to Floods: The Case of Alzira (Spain). International ...

La Revolution française is one of the four major periods of religious clashes in the history of France, with the religious crisis from II to IV in the Roman Gaule (persecution of Christians, then of the païans), the sixteenth century religious wars and the Church/Republic of 1880-1900. The revolutionary religious conflict is a complex phenomenon, often analysed through a reading grid inherited from the end of the nineteenth century. In the context of a progressive interpretation of history, the Revolution is presented as a founding moment, which achieves the ideal of tolerance of the Enlightenment by establishing freedom of religion, within the framework of the Declaration of Human Rights. Conversely, a conservative historiography of Catholic tradition insists on the persecution of 1792-1794, in order to better denounce the hybris of revolutionaries, who wanted to establish a new society on the ruins of the Church. In particular, these two historical traditions are at odds with the question of the possible religious intolerance of the Republican authorities between 1792 and 1800. For the supporters of the Great Revolution, the fight against refractory clergy and his loyals was motivated by their collusion with the royal forces, particularly during the Vendée wars. In order to restore order, the Republic had no choice but to dedicate those disruptors from public rest to death or deportation. Catholic historians, for their part, denounced latent persecution since the origins of the Revolution, which was the result of an antilerical culture inherited from the Enlightenment, led by the leaders of the revolutionist movement, mainly the World, who wanted to force a sort of republican secularism before the letter. This interpretative framework also plays a key role in conspiracy theories about the 'secret' origins of the Revolution. Significantly, these two antagonistic visions of the religious history of the Revolution were formed at the time of the conflict between the Church and the Republic in the years 1880-1900. ...

Squery about the place of gender and body in the gutter is a painful and contested exercise, especially when the conflict is not closed. Here I wish to come back to some recurring figures of the symbolic use of the body, first and foremost the family and women's bodies in military practices and the speeches of the Palestine wars and Palestinian resistance, and some of their effects. I would discuss the founding war of the State of Israel, the war of 1948 which resulted in the departure of more than 900 000 Arab inhabitants from mandated Palestine, the issue of exile and national mobilisation in Jordan's refugee camps, then the first and second Intifada. ; S'interroger sur la place du genre et du corps dans la guerreest un exercice douloureux et contesté, particulièrementlorsque le conflit n'est pas refermé. Ici, je souhaite revenirsur quelques figures récurrentes de l'utilisation symboliquedu corps, en premier lieu du corps familial et féminin dans lespratiques militaires et les discours des guerres de Palestine et desrésistances palestiniennes, et sur certains de leurs effets. J'aborderaila guerre de fondation de l'État d'Israël, celle de 1948 qui a eu pourconséquence le départ de plus de 900 000 habitants arabes de laPalestine mandataire, la question de l'exil et de la mobilisation nationaledans les camps de réfugiés de Jordanie, puis la première etla seconde Intifada.

One of the areas in which collective memory is present — a field barely frightened, if not ignored, by history — is that of the names attributed to military units and commands; these names are generally linked to the resistance of the First and Second World Wars. The attribution (and, after 1948, the deletion) of honorary names was a process which originally aimed to maintain the memory of the events and of the most significant figures of resistance; this process has undergone transformations with the ruling party's politics, which has made it a ritual element of its education based on revolutionary traditions and struggles. During World War I, the organisation of the Czech Armed Forces was inspired by the experience of the Allies. Paradoxically, however, the revolutionary army borrowed certain elements of its military ritual from the Austro-Hungarian army, one of which was to attribute honorary names to the military units. It is this tradition that the authors are interested in in this article. ; International audience ; One of the areas in which collective memory is present — a field barely frightened, if not ignored, by history — is that of the names attributed to military units and commands; these names are generally linked to the resistance of the First and Second World Wars. The attribution (and, after 1948, the deletion) of honorary names was a process which originally aimed to maintain the memory of the events and of the most significant figures of resistance; this process has undergone transformations with the ruling party's politics, which has made it a ritual element of its education based on revolutionary traditions and struggles. During World War I, the organisation of the Czech Armed Forces was inspired by the experience of the Allies. Paradoxically, however, the revolutionary army borrowed certain elements of its military ritual from the Austro-Hungarian army, one of which was to attribute honorary names to the military units. It is this tradition that the authors are interested in in this ...

International audience ; Yannick Deschamps, « Échanges et contacts sportifs entre la France et l'URSS à l'aube de la guerre froide : prémices d'une diplomatie sportive bilatérale (1947-1953) », Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, n°277, 2020, p. 119-135. La Seconde Guerre mondiale vient à peine de s'achever quand la France et l'URSS entament la reprise de leurs contacts sportifs. Cette précocité est en particulier liée au fait que les deux pays étaient déjà des partenaires sportifs privilégiés au cours de l'entre-deux-guerres.

During the inter-war period it consolidate in Argentina a tendency to pathologize the modern city, understood like an ill organism that produced and was consequence phisical and moral decadency of its habitants. The interruption of external inmigration contributed with new information for a strategy of regeneration that tried to establish from eugenesics directed to articulate the populationism with the territorial distribution, in the certainty that counteracted country the evils that generated the life modern. The work reviews the impact of this ideology in the different spheres and the way in which has integrated the cultural politic of the fascism and taked part of the corpus with which the biotipology looked to give scientific legitimacy. ; Durante el período de entreguerras se consolidó en la Argentina una tendencia a patologizar la ciudad moderna, entendida como un organismo enfermo que producía y a la vez era consecuencia de la decadencia física y moral de sus habitantes. La interrupción de la inmigración externa aportó nuevos datos para una estrategia de regeneración que pugno por establecer, desde la eugenesia, medidas dirigidas a articular el poblacionismo con la distribución territorial, en la certeza de que el campo contrarrestaría los males que generaba la vida moderna. El trabajo repasa el impacto de esta ideología en distintas esferas y el modo en que ella se recepcionó junto a la política cultural del fascismo y formó parte del corpus con el que la biotipología buscó darle legitimidad científica. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Summary: Given the persistence of organised criminal violence in Mexico, the possibility of overcoming it by using transitional justice measures has been discussed. What would be so feasible for its implementation? We try to answer this question in two steps. First, we draw up a conceptual map of organised societal violence that allows us to identify so-called drug violence as an economic civil war and to distinguish it from political civil wars. We then discussed the applicability of transitional justice to the Mexican context. Although we identified important analogies, we finally highlighted an insurmountable obstacle: transitional justice can only serve as a pacifying channel if the state using it to disarm criminal gangs has the capacity to ensure that such disarmament is permanent. ; Resumen: Ante la persistencia de la violencia criminal organizada en México, se ha discutido la posibilidad de superarla usando medidas de justicia transicional. ¿Qué tan viable sería su aplicación? Tratamos de responder a esta pregunta en dos pasos. Primero, trazamos un mapa conceptual de la violencia societal organizada que nos permite identificar la llamada narcoviolencia como una guerra civil económica y distinguirla de las guerras civiles políticas. Después, discutimos la aplicabilidad de la justicia transicional al contexto mexicano. Aunque identificamos analogías importantes, terminamos resaltando un obstáculo infranqueable: la justicia transicional solo puede servir como vía pacificadora si el Estado que recurre a ella para desarmar a las bandas criminales tuviera la capacidad de garantizar que ese desarme sea permanente.

Summary: Media coverage of armed conflicts often focuses on responsibility-allocation, humanitarian consequences or security, as highlighted in major media and conflict studies. This investigation analyses the use of media frames in El Mundo, El País (Spain), HispanTV (Iran) and RT (Russia) when covering the wars in Yemen and Ukraine. Novel machine learning techniques (namely SVM) show that Russian and Iranian media do not follow the pattern of traditional journalistic routines, but that the use of frames depends on the geostrategic position of their countries of origin. ; Resumen: La cobertura mediática de los conflictos armados suele centrarse en la atribución de responsabilidades, las consecuencias humanitarias o la seguridad, como señalan los principales estudios sobre medios y conflictos. La presente investigación analiza el uso de encuadres en los medios El Mundo, El País (España), HispanTV (Irán) y RT (Rusia) cuando cubren las guerras de Yemen y Ucrania. A través de novedosas técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina (en concreto, SVM), se muestra que los medios ruso e iraní no siguen las pautas de las rutinas periodísticas tradicionales, sino que el uso de encuadres depende de la posición geoestratégica de sus países de origen.