Suchergebnisse

У статті наведено теоретичний аналіз наукових і статистичних матеріалів щодо тенденцій розвитку систем освіти в Україні та Південної Кореї. У статті узагальнюється досвід реформування та особливості функціонування південнокорейського менеджменту у сфері освіти, досліджуються освітні програми в контексті євроінтеграційних процесівTheoretical analysis of scientific and statistical trends on education systems in Ukraine and South Korea are given in the article. An experience of reform and peculiarities of the South Korean management in education, educational programs studied in the context of European integration processes are summarized in the article

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of the historical memory of the communist genocide of the Western Ukrainian population in the middle of the twentieth centuryоn the territory of the modern southern part of the Ukrainian state. The methodological basis was chosen taking into account the objective and specificity of the object and subject of study. The basis is the system of methods of scientific knowledge: formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction) in order to clarify the content of the studied issues; theoretical – for the analysis of scientific literature; method of system analysis – to generalize the features of the historiographical and memorial situation. Problem-chronological, empirical, comparative and source methods are also used. The scientific approach of the publication is the formulation of new provisions on the peculiarities of the memorial situation in the territory of Southern Ukraine in the context of the general situation. Conclusions. The historical memory on the territory of the southern Ukrainian regions of modern Ukraine about the crimes of the Soviet regime against the Western Ukrainian population is only partially formed. It is far from finally inscribed in the crucial contexts of the concepts of occupation and genocide. Today in the territory of Southern Ukraine, the formation of the historical memory of the deportees is the work of a few enthusiasts, which is exacerbated by the general weakness of Ukrainian and pro-Ukrainian forces. In the information field in recent years, the problem of deportations of Western Ukrainians in the second half of the 1940s – early 1950s is obscured by the memory of the deportation of Crimean Tatars in 1944, which has much stronger support at the government level, the problems of modern refugees and migrants from Donbass and Crimea. The problem of acquainting the South Ukrainian population with the events on the territory of Western Ukraine in 1939–1941 and the crimes of the communist punitive bodies against Ukrainians remains very relevant. ; Анотація. Мета дослідження полягає у здійсненні аналізу проблем існування історичної пам՚яті про комуністичний геноцид західноукраїнського населення середини ХХ ст. на території сучасної південної частини Української держави. Методологію дослідження обрано з урахуванням поставленої мети та специфіки об՚єкта і предмета дослідження. Базисом є система методів наукового пізнання: формальної логіки (аналіз, синтез, дедукція, індукція, аналогія, абстрагування) з метою з՚ясування змісту досліджуваних питань; теоретичний – для аналізу наукової літератури; метод системного аналізу – для узагальнення особливостей історіографічної та меморіальної ситуації. Використано також проблемно-хронологічний, емпіричний, порівняльний і джерелознавчий методи. Наукова новизна публікації полягає у формулюванні нових положень щодо особливостей меморіальної ситуації на території Південної України у контексті загальної ситуації. Висновки. Історична пам՚ять на території південноукраїнських областей сучасної України про злочини совєтського режиму проти західноукраїнського населення є тільки частково сформованою. Вона далеко не остаточно вписана у надважливі контексти концептів окупації, геноциду. Сьогодні на території Південної України формування історичної пам՚яті про депортованих є справою нечисленних ентузіастів, що посилюється загальною слабкістю українських та проукраїнських сил. В інформаційному полі останніми роками проблема депортацій західних українців у другій половині 1940 – початку 1950-х рр. затуляється пам՚яттю про депортацію кримських татар 1944 р., що має значно сильнішу підтримку на державному рівні, проблемами сучасних біженців та переселенців з Донбасу і Криму. Залишається дуже актуальною проблема ознайомлення південноукраїнського населення з подіями на території Західної України у 1939–1941 рр., злочинами комуністичних каральних органів проти українців.

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of the historical memory of the communist genocide of the Western Ukrainian population in the middle of the twentieth centuryоn the territory of the modern southern part of the Ukrainian state. The methodological basis was chosen taking into account the objective and specificity of the object and subject of study. The basis is the system of methods of scientific knowledge: formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction) in order to clarify the content of the studied issues; theoretical – for the analysis of scientific literature; method of system analysis – to generalize the features of the historiographical and memorial situation. Problem-chronological, empirical, comparative and source methods are also used. The scientific approach of the publication is the formulation of new provisions on the peculiarities of the memorial situation in the territory of Southern Ukraine in the context of the general situation. Conclusions. The historical memory on the territory of the southern Ukrainian regions of modern Ukraine about the crimes of the Soviet regime against the Western Ukrainian population is only partially formed. It is far from finally inscribed in the crucial contexts of the concepts of occupation and genocide. Today in the territory of Southern Ukraine, the formation of the historical memory of the deportees is the work of a few enthusiasts, which is exacerbated by the general weakness of Ukrainian and pro-Ukrainian forces. In the information field in recent years, the problem of deportations of Western Ukrainians in the second half of the 1940s – early 1950s is obscured by the memory of the deportation of Crimean Tatars in 1944, which has much stronger support at the government level, the problems of modern refugees and migrants from Donbass and Crimea. The problem of acquainting the South Ukrainian population with the events on the territory of Western Ukraine in 1939–1941 and the crimes of the communist punitive bodies against Ukrainians remains very relevant. ; Анотація. Мета дослідження полягає у здійсненні аналізу проблем існування історичної пам՚яті про комуністичний геноцид західноукраїнського населення середини ХХ ст. на території сучасної південної частини Української держави. Методологію дослідження обрано з урахуванням поставленої мети та специфіки об՚єкта і предмета дослідження. Базисом є система методів наукового пізнання: формальної логіки (аналіз, синтез, дедукція, індукція, аналогія, абстрагування) з метою з՚ясування змісту досліджуваних питань; теоретичний – для аналізу наукової літератури; метод системного аналізу – для узагальнення особливостей історіографічної та меморіальної ситуації. Використано також проблемно-хронологічний, емпіричний, порівняльний і джерелознавчий методи. Наукова новизна публікації полягає у формулюванні нових положень щодо особливостей меморіальної ситуації на території Південної України у контексті загальної ситуації. Висновки. Історична пам՚ять на території південноукраїнських областей сучасної України про злочини совєтського режиму проти західноукраїнського населення є тільки частково сформованою. Вона далеко не остаточно вписана у надважливі контексти концептів окупації, геноциду. Сьогодні на території Південної України формування історичної пам՚яті про депортованих є справою нечисленних ентузіастів, що посилюється загальною слабкістю українських та проукраїнських сил. В інформаційному полі останніми роками проблема депортацій західних українців у другій половині 1940 – початку 1950-х рр. затуляється пам՚яттю про депортацію кримських татар 1944 р., що має значно сильнішу підтримку на державному рівні, проблемами сучасних біженців та переселенців з Донбасу і Криму. Залишається дуже актуальною проблема ознайомлення південноукраїнського населення з подіями на території Західної України у 1939–1941 рр., злочинами комуністичних каральних органів проти українців.

.Метою цієї статті є просопографічний аналіз спільноти південноукраїнських істориків другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Зроблено висновок, що до складу істориків, які працювали на території Південної України в останній період новочасної історії, входили різноманітні за соціальними характеристиками особи. Усіх їх єднав інтерес до історичного пізнання, хоч більшість з них до історії зверталися спорадично та в аматорський спосіб. ; The paper states that in the era of modernization, Southern Ukraine was crucial for the future fate of Ukraine and Eastern Europe, considering its powerful economic and cultural potential and an important geopolitical position. Such issues as historical heritage, historical memory and different visions of the past intensified in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, still remaining relevant nowadays. They reflected social trends and the factors that shaped this development. The processes of interaction between historiographic and social factors are worth a comprehensive reflection, because they have had a constant influence on the fate of Ukraine. The use of these principles is complemented by a number of special historical methods, in particular: searchspecific, cognitive, prosopographic, historical-geographical, problem-chronological, historical-statistical, historicalsystemic, structural-functional, comparative and descriptive. Within the framework of the basic methodological principles, such scientific principles as analysis, synthesis, analogy, abstraction and others were applied in the work, which made it possible to fully disclose the chosen topic in a consistent, logical and complete form. The practical significance of the work is that the factual material which was found, analyzed, thought out and put into scientific circulation as well as the theoretical pronciples of the work can be used in the general studies on the history of culture and education in Ukraine, in the appropriate lecture courses and manuals for secondary and higher education institutions, as well as in further research. It has been found that the source basis of our work consists of sources which were previously more or less studied in the historiography as well as the published ones, among which narrative materials demonstrate the major importance to us. In the paper it is noted that in spite of the declared positivism, the status of prophets and national messiahs prevented the majority of historians from being strictly scientifically objective. For many historians, positivism was only the scientific cutting-edge display behind which they concealed their public and national aspirations, giving greater credibility to their opinions. 168 The historiographical process was a democratic branch that coopted and united around Clio representatives of almost all social, class, professional, etc. groups: priests of different denominations, military, diplomats, teachers, etc. Mainly, the study of history was the prerogative of urban dwellers, but gradually, rural lovers were drawn into the process. Involvement of women in the historiographical process became a notable manifestation of the emancipation of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. As in other regions, there was an organic, and sometimes conflicting symbiosis between history buffs and professionals, and professors were the major part of it. On the whole, having all the features of provincial historiography, the historical thought and science of Southern Ukraine both in the previous and the studied periods, as never before and after, moved from this "status" to system-forming centers

.Метою цієї статті є просопографічний аналіз спільноти південноукраїнських істориків другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Зроблено висновок, що до складу істориків, які працювали на території Південної України в останній період новочасної історії, входили різноманітні за соціальними характеристиками особи. Усіх їх єднав інтерес до історичного пізнання, хоч більшість з них до історії зверталися спорадично та в аматорський спосіб. ; The paper states that in the era of modernization, Southern Ukraine was crucial for the future fate of Ukraine and Eastern Europe, considering its powerful economic and cultural potential and an important geopolitical position. Such issues as historical heritage, historical memory and different visions of the past intensified in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, still remaining relevant nowadays. They reflected social trends and the factors that shaped this development. The processes of interaction between historiographic and social factors are worth a comprehensive reflection, because they have had a constant influence on the fate of Ukraine. The use of these principles is complemented by a number of special historical methods, in particular: searchspecific, cognitive, prosopographic, historical-geographical, problem-chronological, historical-statistical, historicalsystemic, structural-functional, comparative and descriptive. Within the framework of the basic methodological principles, such scientific principles as analysis, synthesis, analogy, abstraction and others were applied in the work, which made it possible to fully disclose the chosen topic in a consistent, logical and complete form. The practical significance of the work is that the factual material which was found, analyzed, thought out and put into scientific circulation as well as the theoretical pronciples of the work can be used in the general studies on the history of culture and education in Ukraine, in the appropriate lecture courses and manuals for secondary and higher education institutions, as well as in further research. It has been found that the source basis of our work consists of sources which were previously more or less studied in the historiography as well as the published ones, among which narrative materials demonstrate the major importance to us. In the paper it is noted that in spite of the declared positivism, the status of prophets and national messiahs prevented the majority of historians from being strictly scientifically objective. For many historians, positivism was only the scientific cutting-edge display behind which they concealed their public and national aspirations, giving greater credibility to their opinions. 168 The historiographical process was a democratic branch that coopted and united around Clio representatives of almost all social, class, professional, etc. groups: priests of different denominations, military, diplomats, teachers, etc. Mainly, the study of history was the prerogative of urban dwellers, but gradually, rural lovers were drawn into the process. Involvement of women in the historiographical process became a notable manifestation of the emancipation of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. As in other regions, there was an organic, and sometimes conflicting symbiosis between history buffs and professionals, and professors were the major part of it. On the whole, having all the features of provincial historiography, the historical thought and science of Southern Ukraine both in the previous and the studied periods, as never before and after, moved from this "status" to system-forming centers

У статті досліджено процес формування військово-історичного напряму в історіографічному процесі на території Південної України у ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Дослідження розгорталися у межах 3 основних етапів: перша половина ХІХ ст. – поява перших праць, накопичення джерел, перші кроки у згуртуванні вчених; 1860-ті – 1890-ті роки – вдосконалення досліджень у зв'язку з накопи­ченням джерел; перші 14 років ХХ ст. – найвища стадія розвитку, поява найбільш яскравих авторів. Дослідження проводилися двома групами осіб: світськими та військовими, що взаємодоповнювали один одного. Праці охоплювали усю історію від давнини до аналізу нещодавніх війн їх учасниками. ; The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of formation of the military-historical direction in the historiographical process on the territory of Southern Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The research was conducted by two groups of people: secular and military, mutually complementing each other. Chronologically, works on military-historical subjects covered the entire history from antiquity to the genre, which can be defined by the newfangled concept of "modern history", since it concerned the analysis of recent wars (Crimea, between Russian and Japanese empires) by their participants, who used their memories as well and memories of other people and documents, that is, working as historians.

У статті досліджено процес формування військово-історичного напряму в історіографічному процесі на території Південної України у ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Дослідження розгорталися у межах 3 основних етапів: перша половина ХІХ ст. – поява перших праць, накопичення джерел, перші кроки у згуртуванні вчених; 1860-ті – 1890-ті роки – вдосконалення досліджень у зв'язку з накопи­ченням джерел; перші 14 років ХХ ст. – найвища стадія розвитку, поява найбільш яскравих авторів. Дослідження проводилися двома групами осіб: світськими та військовими, що взаємодоповнювали один одного. Праці охоплювали усю історію від давнини до аналізу нещодавніх війн їх учасниками. ; The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of formation of the military-historical direction in the historiographical process on the territory of Southern Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The research was conducted by two groups of people: secular and military, mutually complementing each other. Chronologically, works on military-historical subjects covered the entire history from antiquity to the genre, which can be defined by the newfangled concept of "modern history", since it concerned the analysis of recent wars (Crimea, between Russian and Japanese empires) by their participants, who used their memories as well and memories of other people and documents, that is, working as historians.

UK: У статті на основі матеріалів державних обласних архівів та періодичних видань розглядається проблематика процесу державотворення у Південній Україні др. пол. 80-х – поч. 90-х рр. ХХ ст. Розкрито інституційні засади та напрями діяльності неурядових національно-культурницьких та політичних організацій зазначеного періоду. Визначено місце і роль неформальних громадських об'єднань Південної України у процесі розбудови незалежної держави в період краху радянської системи др. пол. 80-х – поч. 90-х рр. ХХ ст. EN: In the article on the basis of the state regional archives and periodicals the problematic of state's process in the southern Ukraine of the second half of the 80th - early 90 years of the twentieth century are considered. The institutional grounds and the activities of non-governmental national cultural and political organizations of that period are revealed. The place and role of informal associations of the Southern Ukraine in the process of the development of the independent state during the collapse of the Soviet system of the second half of the 80th - early 90 years of the twentieth century are defined.

Метою цієї статті є дослідження участі в українському козацькому русі Володимира Мошинського (1895 – 1988), деякий час представника одеського плацдарму Української революції 1917 – 1921 років, але основний етап життя якого відбувся вже у Північній Америці у другій половині ХХ ст. У постаті В. Мошинського маємо одного з найбільш своєрідних популяризаторів історії українського козацтва, козака-практика та козакамитця, козака-мемуариста, багатий життєвий досвід якого єднав незримими узами Україну та діаспору, сприяв збереженню історичної пам'яті про не найпомітніші та не найпопулярніші сторінки козацької історії. ; The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to the 1980s. V. Moshinsky was mentioned in the pages of this magazine as a donor to its publication, was the author of a number of articles. The magazine covered the artistic activity of V. Moshynsky and his children, with the inclusion of this activity in the Cossack context. In 1974, the magazine published an important and so far unique evidence that the Cossack theme was present in the artist's work - a reproduction of his painting in the mid-1950s "Hetman Mazepa before the Battle of Poltava", kept in Montreal, donated to the Women's Society "Daughters of Ukraine". Thus, in the figure of V. Moshinsky we have one of the most original popularizers of the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, a Cossackpractitioner and a Cossack-artist, a Cossack-memoirist, whose rich life experience united Ukraine and the diaspora with invisible ties, contributed to the preservation of historical memory not the most popular pages of Cossack history. But these pages are the most important for the modern Odessa region, where the problem of saturation of Bessarabia (as well as Odessa and Odessa region in general) with the Ukrainian worldview and culture is acutely relevant. The author considered the Cossacks within the framework of the national tradition, which combined the features of populist and state historiography, which was a typical feature of the North American Ukrainian historiographical tradition.

The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to ...

Метою цієї статті є дослідження участі в українському козацькому русі Володимира Мошинського (1895 – 1988), деякий час представника одеського плацдарму Української революції 1917 – 1921 років, але основний етап життя якого відбувся вже у Північній Америці у другій половині ХХ ст. У постаті В. Мошинського маємо одного з найбільш своєрідних популяризаторів історії українського козацтва, козака-практика та козакамитця, козака-мемуариста, багатий життєвий досвід якого єднав незримими узами Україну та діаспору, сприяв збереженню історичної пам'яті про не найпомітніші та не найпопулярніші сторінки козацької історії. ; The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Volodymyr Moshynsky (1895-1988) in the Ukrainian Cossack movement, who for some time was a representative of the Odessa center of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, but the main stage of his life took place in North America in the second half of the twentieth century. The article is based on the use of a wide source base of published narrative sources, the most important of which are the memoirs and works of V. Moshinsky. Biographical, prosopographic, historical-genetic methods, as well as a number of generally accepted scientific methods were used to implement the tasks. The historiographical work on the figure of V. Moshinsky is narrow and clearly inadequate to the scale of his activity. It is mentioned in a limited number of publications and sometimes in a false context. V. Moshynsky's articles show that he was fully aware of his Cossack ancestral roots and was proud of them. There was a harmonious connection between the facts of his biography and his interests, as he had to work in the interwar period in the area where his wife's ancestors came from the Danube Cossacks. In October 1917, during a confrontation with the Bolsheviks in Moscow, V. Moshinsky became friends with the Amur Cossacks, who almost persuaded him to go with them to the Far East. V. Moshinsky received scientific information about the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks at lectures of the leading Odessa Cossack scholar M. Slabchenko. The Cossack trace in V. Moshinsky's biography was most clearly reflected in his activity in the Cossack Ukrainian movement in the USA. In the 1970s, he was one of the leaders, clerk, tent of the Ukrainian Free Cossacks in Denver named after the commander, the first knight of the Iron Cross, Colonel-General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko. V. Moshynsky received the rank of Cossack lieutenant colonel and later colonel. The main body of the free Cossack movement in the United States was the magazine "Ukrainian Cossacks", published from the late 1960s to the 1980s. V. Moshinsky was mentioned in the pages of this magazine as a donor to its publication, was the author of a number of articles. The magazine covered the artistic activity of V. Moshynsky and his children, with the inclusion of this activity in the Cossack context. In 1974, the magazine published an important and so far unique evidence that the Cossack theme was present in the artist's work - a reproduction of his painting in the mid-1950s "Hetman Mazepa before the Battle of Poltava", kept in Montreal, donated to the Women's Society "Daughters of Ukraine". Thus, in the figure of V. Moshinsky we have one of the most original popularizers of the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, a Cossackpractitioner and a Cossack-artist, a Cossack-memoirist, whose rich life experience united Ukraine and the diaspora with invisible ties, contributed to the preservation of historical memory not the most popular pages of Cossack history. But these pages are the most important for the modern Odessa region, where the problem of saturation of Bessarabia (as well as Odessa and Odessa region in general) with the Ukrainian worldview and culture is acutely relevant. The author considered the Cossacks within the framework of the national tradition, which combined the features of populist and state historiography, which was a typical feature of the North American Ukrainian historiographical tradition.

The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of celebrating the pedagogical congresses held in southern Ukraine (actually Odesa school district) in the second half of the XIX – early XX century, highlight the historical and methodological issues in the this congresses. Published sources are predominantly published in editions of congresses. Information of interest to us is mainly contained in the sources of the reports - the reports and reports of the companies. Narrative sources, publication of analytical articles about societies in the time magazines and newspapers are an essential addition.Thesis. The main idea of this article is that in the historical and methodological questions did not belong to the leading subjects of occupations of the pedagogical congresses participants on the territory of Southern Ukraine, only after linguistic and natural. This events gave rich material to theorists of pedagogy and officials for further meetings in the Central administrative bodies, the nomination of further reform initiatives. Similar actions for the exchange of views and development of long-term plans were distributed to almost all professional groups. Congresses were a significant factor in the formation of civil society in the Russian Empire and, in particular, in the Dnieper and black sea parts of Ukraine, which were at that time part of this state, significantly increasing its potential.The considerable body of literature dedicated to administration of the educational congresses in the Russian Empire and on the territory of Ukraine.However, historians of education only very casually mentioned the considerations for the development of historical education, which was one of the many issues discussed by the participants of the congresses. The purpose of this article is to highlight the historical and methodological issues in the pedagogical congresses held in southern Ukraine (actually Odessa school district) in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The sources of our research are mainly Assembly materials – reports, protocols, proceedings of congresses. We also rely on press reports.At the same time, it cannot be said that these issues are ignored. The work of the congresses was revived by the participation of professors in their work. This indicates a close relationship between all levels of education in the educational system of the Russian Empire, which is confirmed by many other data. The merit of the participants of the congresses is the emphasis on the need to ensure interdisciplinary connections, visibility, dissemination of the excursion method. The documents show the existence of both trends towards the democratization of education and the preservation of conservative approaches. If within the first approach the independent work of students, the formulation of their own conclusions were encouraged, as within the second, which should be recognized throughout the period of dominance, the teacher was considered as a carrier of truth and a set of facts that he should broadcast to students. In the context of methodological issues there were discussions of purely historical aspects, historical assessments, a set of outstanding dates and figures, about which the teacher had to tell for a limited time. The materials of the congresses held in the South Ukraine cities testify to the natural desire of some people to take into account local peculiarities and opportunities. All the issues that were discussed by the participants of the congresses are still relevant. The rich historical experience can be quite useful during the solution of modern pedagogical problems and formulation of new perspective problems. ; Метою нашої статті є висвітлення історико-методичної проблематики у роботі педагогічних з'їздів, що відбулися на території Південної України (Одеської навчальної округи) у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Зроблено висновок, що заслугою учасників з'їздів є наголос на необхідності забезпечення міждисциплінарних зв'язків, наочності, поширенні екскурсійного методу. Документи свідчать про існування як тенденцій до демократизації освіти, так і збереження консервативних підходів.

The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of celebrating the pedagogical congresses held in southern Ukraine (actually Odesa school district) in the second half of the XIX – early XX century, highlight the historical and methodological issues in the this congresses. Published sources are predominantly published in editions of congresses. Information of interest to us is mainly contained in the sources of the reports - the reports and reports of the companies. Narrative sources, publication of analytical articles about societies in the time magazines and newspapers are an essential addition.Thesis. The main idea of this article is that in the historical and methodological questions did not belong to the leading subjects of occupations of the pedagogical congresses participants on the territory of Southern Ukraine, only after linguistic and natural. This events gave rich material to theorists of pedagogy and officials for further meetings in the Central administrative bodies, the nomination of further reform initiatives. Similar actions for the exchange of views and development of long-term plans were distributed to almost all professional groups. Congresses were a significant factor in the formation of civil society in the Russian Empire and, in particular, in the Dnieper and black sea parts of Ukraine, which were at that time part of this state, significantly increasing its potential.The considerable body of literature dedicated to administration of the educational congresses in the Russian Empire and on the territory of Ukraine.However, historians of education only very casually mentioned the considerations for the development of historical education, which was one of the many issues discussed by the participants of the congresses. The purpose of this article is to highlight the historical and methodological issues in the pedagogical congresses held in southern Ukraine (actually Odessa school district) in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The sources of our research are mainly Assembly materials – reports, protocols, proceedings of congresses. We also rely on press reports.At the same time, it cannot be said that these issues are ignored. The work of the congresses was revived by the participation of professors in their work. This indicates a close relationship between all levels of education in the educational system of the Russian Empire, which is confirmed by many other data. The merit of the participants of the congresses is the emphasis on the need to ensure interdisciplinary connections, visibility, dissemination of the excursion method. The documents show the existence of both trends towards the democratization of education and the preservation of conservative approaches. If within the first approach the independent work of students, the formulation of their own conclusions were encouraged, as within the second, which should be recognized throughout the period of dominance, the teacher was considered as a carrier of truth and a set of facts that he should broadcast to students. In the context of methodological issues there were discussions of purely historical aspects, historical assessments, a set of outstanding dates and figures, about which the teacher had to tell for a limited time. The materials of the congresses held in the South Ukraine cities testify to the natural desire of some people to take into account local peculiarities and opportunities. All the issues that were discussed by the participants of the congresses are still relevant. The rich historical experience can be quite useful during the solution of modern pedagogical problems and formulation of new perspective problems. ; Метою нашої статті є висвітлення історико-методичної проблематики у роботі педагогічних з'їздів, що відбулися на території Південної України (Одеської навчальної округи) у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Зроблено висновок, що заслугою учасників з'їздів є наголос на необхідності забезпечення міждисциплінарних зв'язків, наочності, поширенні екскурсійного методу. Документи свідчать про існування як тенденцій до демократизації освіти, так і збереження консервативних підходів.

The article is devoted to the examination of information potential of the Russian Empire police backroom registering sources. They highlight the peculiarities of formation of Southern Ukrainian zemstvos' social structure in the late XIX – the early XX century. As pointed out, the majority of registering sources throwing light on the personal structure of zemstvos' representation resides at the State Archives of the Russian Federation. For the most part the archives' records comprise in the registering documentation of zemstvos' institutions, Police Departments, Governor's offices and so forth. Here belong Governors' and Police institutions' reports, recordings of Governors' and administrative boards of zemstvos' correspondence, minutes, inquiry letters of zemstvos' institutions to local gendarme administrations as to clarification of biographical data and social status of zemstvos' officers. These recordings are valuable in analyzing various views and conceptions of zemstvos' officers, identifying contradictions and controversies on certain matters among figures of zemstvos. They are also helpful for tracing the characteristics and even the secrets of forming zemstvos' offices and identification of the most significant criteria of evaluation of applicants for the post of the town council members and so forth. The thorough study of recordings allowed clarifying impact of personality factor on the efficiency of zemstvos' institutions activities. The academic novelty of the given paper results from the fact that the sources base representing social structure of Southern Ukrainian zemstvos hasn't still appeared as the subject of special scientific researches. Besides the paper operates with the documents being firstly introduced into the scientific treatment. The application of the method of history anthropologization allowed tracing the role of an individual in social-economic and cultural regional development. Thus the performed analysis of the Russian Empire police backroom records from a critical point of view facilitated a more unbiased estimation of Southern Ukrainian zemstvos' representation structure. The heuristics performed showed that in estimating applicants for zemstvos' institutions the local governments above all paid attention to "political reliability" of applicants, their marital status, education and entourage. It was ascertained that the overwhelming majority of the zemstvos' institutions officials met these criteria. Those raising any doubts about lost their offices and were given in charge of the Police Department. ; Стаття присвячена розгляду інформаційного потенціалу діловодних джерел секретного департаменту поліції Російської імперії, що висвітлюють особливості формування соціального складу земського представництва Півдня України наприкінці ХІХ - початку ХХ ст. Звіти губернаторів і поліцейських установ, матеріали листування губернаторів і земських управ, протоколи, запити земських установ до місцевих жандармських управлінь щодо з'ясування біографічних даних земських службовців дозволяють простежити особливості формування земського представництва і визначити найважливіші критерії, за якими оцінювались кандидати в земські гласні. Комплексне опрацювання матеріалів діловодства дозволило з'ясувати вплив особистісного фактору на ефективність діяльності земських установ.

The article examines the conditions and reasons for the emergence of prison companies of the military and civilian department in the Russian Empire in the second quarter of the 19th century. The utilitarian justification of the need for labor of prisoners in the legislation of prison companies is opposed to the philanthropic vision of labor as a means of moral correction of the individual in the legislation of the previous period. This trend arose under the influence of English social thought, thanks to the reformers of English prisons who visited the Russian Empire. The reasons for the crisis of attempts to combat vagrancy in the Empire by means of exile are revealed. The statement is substantiated that prison companies are more economical than imprisonment. It is concluded that this was due to the new, stringent requirements that the Society for the Trustees of Prisons, founded in 1819 on the English model, put forward to the penitentiary buildings. The author also analyzes the reasons for the establishment of prison companies of the civilian department in southern Ukraine, such as vagrancy and the need to form the urban infrastructure of the region. Vagrancy in southern Ukraine was the result of its spontaneous colonization, one of the means of control over which was to be the prison companies. It is argued that it was the success in the creation of prison companies in Novorossiya in 1830 that contributed to their further spread in the inner provinces of the Russian Empire. On the basis of statistical materials, the value of punishment in the form of being sent to prison companies was determined after the adoption of the Code on penal and correctional punishments in 1845. In the period 1847-1851, a sentence of imprisonment in prison companies was pronounced in 11.82% of cases. ; В статті розглядаються умови та причини постання арештантських рот військового та цивільного відомства в Російській імперій в другій чверті ХІХ ст. Утилітарне обґрунтування необхідності праці в'язнів в законодавстві арештантських рот протиставляється філатропічному баченню праці як засобу моральної поправи індивіда в законодавстві попереднього періоду. Це бачення сформувалося під впливом англійської суспільно-політичноі думки та було поширено шляхом впливу англійських реформаторів, що відвідували Російську імперію. Розкриваються причини кризи спроб боротьби з бродяжництвом в Імперії за допомогою заслання. Обґрунтовується твердження про більшу економічність арештантських рот в порівнянні з тюремним ув'язненням. Робиться висновок, що це було пов'язано з новими, жорсткими вимогами, які до пенітенціарних будівель висувало Товариство піклувальне про тюрми, засноване в 1819 р. за рекомендацією англійського тюремного реформатора Вальтера Венніга за англійським взірцем. Аналізуються такі причини створення арештантських рот цивільного відомства в Південній Україні як: бродяжництво та необхідність в формуваннія міської інфраструктури краю. Бродяжництво в цій частині Імперії було наслідком її стихійної колонізації, одним з засобів контролю над якою й мали стати арештантські роти. Арештантські роти в цій частині держави замінили собою не лише заслання але й покарання робочими будинками. Висувається твердження, що саме успіх в створенні арештантських рот в Новоросії в 1830 р. сприяв їх подальшому розповсюдженню у внутрішніх губерніях Російської імперії. На основі статистичних матеріалів визначено значення покарання в вигляді відправлення в арештантські роти після прийняття Уложення про покарання кримінальні і виправні в 1845 р. В період 1847-1851 рр. вирок в вигляді покарання позбавленням волі в арештантських ротах виносився в 11,82% всіх випадків.