Suchergebnisse

В рецензируемой монографии представлению об экономике и государстве как о самостоятельных общностях, каждая из которых функционирует согласно собственным основополагающим принципам, противопоставляется институциональный подход, раскрывающий их содержательную взаимосвязь. Предложенному авторами книги видению присущи системность взгляда и соответствие более общему социологическому направлению анализа хозяйственных явлений. Нина Бандей и Элизабет Соверс, следуя интеллектуальной традиции К. Поланьи, рассматривают экономику как институционально оформленный процесс, фокусируясь на роли государства в нём. Авторы книги обращаются к центральным объектам современной экономической и политической системы (правам собственности и деньгам), её принципиально важным субъектам (работникам и организациям) и высокозначимым макропроцессам (развитию и глобализации). Выбранный авторами институциональный подход К. Поланьи, с одной стороны, открывает возможность для системного рассмотрения взаимосвязи экономики и государства, но, с другой стороны, позволяет лишь фрагментарно анализировать хозяйственные явления на микроуровне. Настоящая рецензия начинается с критического изложения основных идей Н. Бандей и Э. Соверс, касающихся последних достижений экономической социологии в области изучения государственного регулирования хозяйства, в том числе его ключевых сфер земельных, трудовых и кредитно-денежных отношений. Далее, вслед за авторами книги мы выходим на макроуровень анализа, рассматривая институциональное оформление экономики и роль государства в данном процессе. Вопросы государственного регулирования отдельных рынков, как правило, находятся вне фокуса изучения Н. Бандей и Э. Соверс, поэтому опорой для освещения этих аспектов в рецензии являются работы других исследователей. Следуя логической структуре рецензируемой монографии, мы завершаем свой текст обсуждением роли национальных государств в глобальной экономике. ; The book Economy and State: A Sociological Perspective written by Nina Bandelj and Elizabeth Sowers opposes an economy-state dualism approach to economy-state embeddedness theories. Bandelj and Sowers follow Polanyi's intellectual tradition and analyze the economy as instituted process focusing on the roles of the state. This book explores such fields of interest as property (the state's role in capitalist and socialist economies), money (the state's role in monetary policy, government spending, and taxation), labor (the state's role in redistribution and employment), firms (the state's role in business and industry governance), development (the state's role in advancing economic prosperity), and international and global economy (the state's role in managing the territorial boundaries of economic transactions). Markin argues that the institutional approach that Bandelj and Sowers chose as a core approach for their book is very fruitful for macro-analysis but it is not very appropriate for micro-analysis. In his review, Markin focuses on the roles of the state in turning land, labor and capital into "fictitious commodities" and the state's role in the social construction of economic institutions. As Bandelj and Sowers do not provide a micro-analysis of state regulation of markets, Markin discusses these issues with help of the papers written by other scholars.

Argues that the nation-state will persist, in spite of globalization of the economy, but in a greatly changed form, especially in domestic fiscal and monetary policies, foreign economic policies, international business, and war.

There is a consensus amongst policy makers that education can provide the solution to the fundamental problem of liberal democracies – how to reconcile social justice with economic efficiency at a time when income and wealth are being polarised in Anglophone-dominated societies like Aotearoa New Zealand. This presents a paradox, since it is well understood that children living in poverty are likely to under-perform in education. Moreover, the standard explanation for the polarisation of income in terms of the global demand for skill is itself deficient. This paper explores the nature of this paradox, and the inadequate account given for polarisation of income, as a first step towards the development of an alternative agenda which is more likely to meet the goals of justice and efficiency in the context of the new global competition.

This paper discusses several topics relating free trade to the concept of the nation state. Classical political economy, and later economics, developed without acknowledging any theoretical role for the nation state, which is basically considered as a distortion. Despite expressions of dissent from a few major economists, like Schumpeter, and the special case of Keynesianism, the issue has never been completely resolved. However, in many circumstances, and contrary to the standard approach, the nation state plays a key active role in the evolution of international flows, and should be theoretically incorporated. The present paper attempts to reintroduce this concept into the analysis, taking into account not only its more obvious features, i.e., the existing countries and governments, but also some other underlying factors of the nation state such as language, history and currencies, which are often neglected, even in the literature on complements and "exceptions" to free trade. In so doing, various imperfections become evident and consequently, the outcomes of free trade may be different to what is assumed in the standard analysis, while a more realistic picture of the world economy emerges. Although some research work has been carried out on this subject, particularly since the 1980s, much remains to be done in order to include these elements fully into the theoretical analyses.

In response to the largely closed-economy assumptions of most cross-national work on economic policy-making, Open States in the Global Economy offers an outside-in framework for analyzing the way in which national economic sovereignty is affected by globalization. This framework is then applied to a detailed case study of Norway's economic policy in the postwar period. The 'Open State' framework offers a new way to interpret how external changes affect domestic policy-makers and their preferences.

'States and Sovereignty in the Global Economy' edited by David A. Smith, Dorothy J. Solinger, and Steven C. Topik is reviewed.

"State-owned enterprises combine economic activities resulting from their position on the market with non-economic functions determined by the state owner. In many of the world's major economies, SOEs play an important role, and in some, such as China, India, Russia and Brazil, they are outright dominant. At the same time, the existence of SOEs is largely ignored by economic theory and the current figures on SOEs on a global scale available in the literature are questionable in terms of their methodological validity and thus they do not allow for a proper cross-country analysis. This book fills this research gap. It focuses on the scope and importance of SOEs in a broad group of the largest economies, primarily on a variety of quantitative estimates. It contains the results of an extensive and unique empirical study of 37 of the world's largest economies over the period from 2009 to 2018. The findings showed that the average share of SOEs - measured by operating revenues and total assets - in the group of the largest hundred enterprises (Top 100) of a given country is nearly 30%, while in the Top 20 group it is even slightly higher. The authors present an econometric analysis showing the relationship between the scope of SOEs and the various economic and non-economic characteristics of the studied set of countries. The book also contains an in-depth discussion of selected key issues, such as the functions of SOEs in various types of economies, the role of SOEs in capital markets and the phenomenon of SOEs with foreign capital. This work is addressed to both academic economists, dealing with macroeconomics and economic policy, as well as researchers and analysts from various international organizations and think-tanks"--