Suchergebnisse

У статті аналізується американський досвід підготовки педагогів для системи освіти дорослих, виявляються та обґрунтовуються основні підходи, провідні характеристики системи підготовки, які забезпечують її ефективність. Створення єдиного освітнього європейського простору та спільність педагогічних цілей s завдань, схожість проблем, які постають перед системою освіти дорослих різних країн,американський досвід підготовки педагогів для системи освіти дорослих, зумовлюють актуальність поглибленого вивчення q узагальнення досвіду розвинених країн, зокрема, США. Метою нашої статті стало вивчення та узагальнення американського досвіду щодо підготовки педагогів для системи освіти дорослих. ; In the article the American experience of preparation of adult educators is analyzed; the basic approaches, the main characteristics of system of preparation which ensure its efficiency are determined and proved. The purpose of this article is studying and summarizing of American experience in preparing teachers for the system of adult education. People who teach adults need specific range of competencies based on knowledge of psychology, physiology, andragogy, etc. Adult educators work in a great variety of organizational and social contexts, at the same time they organize, teach and support adults in their work and learning. Many factors influence the recognition of the status of "adult educator" and the organization of their training: socio-economic development of the country, attitude of the society towards adult education, diversity of political, economic and social systems and structures, transition to implementation of the concept of lifelong education. These factors cause the need for preparation of andragogical staff. A "pyramid of andragogical staff" developed by С. Houlein in 1956 will be useful for understanding of professional training of the staff, its tasks and responsibilities in the system of adult education. According to this pyramid andragogical staff is divided into three groups: the first group is the largest, it is at the heart of the pyramid and consists mainly of volunteers; the second group includes people who have steady jobs, it occupies the central part in the pyramid; the third group is at the top of the pyramid, it consists of people who have professional education. Preparing of adult educators (andragogists) in the US is closely connected with the development of a system of adult education, which has a long history and it is based on the concept M. Knowles' andragogy, a prominent American scholar and teacher. A history of preparing andragogists, as a separate field of preparing specialists, was started in 1917. At the beginning of 60- in the XX century, there were forty-nine institutions offering courses for teachers in the sphere of adult education. However, only the Pedagogical College of Columbia University offered master and doctor's program. Professional education and preparing specialists for adult education are important and necessary components for existence and successful functioning of the industry. As C. Houle wittily said "adult educators theoretically do not belong to a single profession, most of them belong to a family of professions, . but education of leaders can . be organized around a common core of tested knowledge and beliefs".

У статті розкриваються теоретичні й методичні засади неформальної освіти дорослих у США, досліджується еволюція освіти дорослих в американській педагогічній літературі; виявляються провідні чинники розвитку освіти дорослих у Сполучених Штатах Америки, розкривається її значення на сучасному етапі розвитку суспільства. Доведено, що освіта дорослих є найдавнішим видом освіти у Сполучених Штатах. Вона має тривалу історію та цілу низку особливостей, яка містить широкі потенційні можливості для неперервної освіти. ; The article deals with the theoretical and methodological principles of non-formal adult education in the USA, it examines the evolution of adult education in the American educational literature; the key factors of adult education in the United States are settled, its importance at the present stage of development of society is revealed; the theoretical principles of adult education are justified. It is proved that adult education is the oldest type of education in the United States. It has a long history and a number of opportunities for lifelong learning. Adult education has emerged as non-institutional form of education and has been developing for more than four centuries. The main stages in the development of adult education include: establishment of the first colleges and universities, the establishment of the Republic, implementation of the ideas of Thomas Jefferson about general civic education, the adoption of Morill's Bill and opening land-grant universities, immigration, organization of distance education programs and summer schools for adults. The most important historical stages are: establishment of the club «Junto» (1727) by Benjamin Franklin, organizing of the first schools, libraries, Chautauqua Institute (1874), adoption of the Constitution, which provided financial support for adult education, the creation of the American Association of Adult Education, first summer sessions of the National Training laboratories and others. Adult education is the oldest type of education in the United States. It has a long history and a number of features. In the late XIX – beginning of the XX century adult education in the United States was considered as additional education, not related to employment; it was an activity specifically organized to teach people whose age and social roles characterize them as adults. Since the middle of the XX century adult education in the American educational environment is characterized as a complex, flexible and multifunctional system, aimed to help people to meet educational needs, to adapt to the changes of socio-economic environment and at the development and improvement of American society. The study has showed that the development of institutional forms of adult education, launching of permanent financial support from the federal government and the adoption of appropriate legislation, the establishment of American Association of Adult Education as a coordinating body for all activities in this sphere at the national level, and with it the isolation of adult education in independent branch, recognition by the state and society of its importance give the reasons to believe that the US system of adult education in general was formed in the first half of the XX century. Education as the most popular social institution has an impact on the formation of the consciousness of society, regulates the processes of self-development of citizens. Adult education is considered as a mechanism for achieving economic development, ensuring civil progress and democratic public life; an expression of social responsibility for the formation of human and social capital, which is a key element of modern society of knowledge.