Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена феномену социальной политики и раскрывает специфику таких его составляющих, как субъект, объект, уровни и подуровни социальной политики, а также взаимосвязь указанного феномена с состоянием экономической, политической и духовной сфер общественной жизни. Раскрыто авторское видение сущности и направленности социальной политики. ; The article is devoted to the social policy phenomenon and reveals the specific features of such components as subject, object, levels and sublevels of social policy. It also describes the interconnection of the given phenomenon with the economic, political and cultural spheres of the social life. The article reveals the authors view of the social policy essence and direction.

Статья посвящена тенденциям развития и изменения социальной политики российского государства по отношению к своим вооруженным силам. Авторы рассматривают вопросы социальной защищенности военнослужащих и членов их семей, среди которых основными являются вопросы обеспечения военнослужащих жильем, достойным медицинским обслуживанием, подготовки квалифицированных кадров для профессиональной армии.The article is devoted to development and changing of trends in social policy of the Russian state towards the armed forces. The authors consider issues of social protection of servicemen and their families, such as military housing, decent health care, training of skilled military personnel.

В статье представлены результаты исследования по проекту «Социальная политика как фактор устойчивого организационного и регионального развития». Данный проект выступил закономерным этапом изучения возможностей развития человеческих ресурсов региона. Показаны проблемы и перспективы развития социальной политики в направлении социального менеджмента персонала. Приведены результаты экспертного опроса в 240 организациях Кировской области разного размера, направления деятельности, стадии развития. Произведено сравнение особенностей социальной и кадровой политик, а также управления организационной культурой. ; In this article the author introduces the results of the research project ""Social policy as factor of sustainable organizational and regional development". This project was a logical step in the study of the problem of effective management of human resources in the region. Data of expert poll are provided in 240 organizations of the Kirov region. Comparison of features social and personnel the politician, and also managements of organizational culture is made. The comparison of social and personnel policies' features, organizational culture management.

Неоклассическая экономическая теория не включает в свой предмет социальную политику, поведение государственных и общественных организаций. Переход от индустриального и рентно-долгового к инновационному капитализму в условиях глобального системного кризиса коренным образом изменяет субъект, объект и методы реализации социальной политики с учетом развития социального и человеческого капитала, трансформации модели государства благосостояния. Социальная политика становится важнейшим предметом новой политэкономии. Новая индустриализация как этап формирования инновационной экономики определяет приоритетные направления реформирования социальной политики и социального государства в России. ; Neoclassical economic theory does not include social politics or behavior of state and public organizations as its subject matter. Transition from industrial capitalism based on rent and debt to innovative capitalism in the situation of the global systemic crisis drastically changes the subject, the object and the methods of social politics implementation. New social politics that takes into account social and human capital, transformations of "state of wealth" model, etc. becomes a key subject of new political economy. New industrialization as a stage in the development of the innovative economics defines the priority directions in reforming of the social politics and the social state in Russia.

В статье дается характеристика основных этапов советской социальной политики и ее постсоветская специфика. Автор приводит данные об экономических и политических приоритетах советского этапа, когда система социальной политики стала легитимным механизмом ускорения экономического развития и консолидации социализма. Построение социального государства в постсоветской России наталкивается на трудности, связанные со сложившейся системой бюрократии и спецификой социальной структуры. Реализация реформ в социальной сфере запаздывает в условиях развитой государственной бюрократии и слабости гражданского общества. ; The article presents characteristics of the main stages of Soviet social policy and post-soviet developments. The author talks about economic and political priorities of Soviet period when the system of social policy has become a legitimate mechanism of economic development and consolidation of socialism. The building of the welfare state in post-Soviet Russia is faced with difficulties, related with the existing bureaucracies and specificity of social structure. Implementation of the reforms in social sphere is delayed under the conditions of strong public bureaucracies and weakness of civic society.

The Monitoring of social and economic change enables to estimate the consequences of social policy, in particular on the basis of the dynamics of such generalised estimates as people's attitude towards life, observance of social rights, material conditions of families, current mood, evaluation of the present times (namely how difficult they are), and readiness to protest. On the basis of the listed indicators, two significant points are noted: first, the obvious prevalence of negative estimates by practically all indicators (except readiness to protest); second, either an increase of negative estimates or their stagnation observed across all indicators. At present in society, the necessity of a deep social reform aimed at achievement of positive changes has become ripe, first of all in the area of social and labour relations and a system of social guarantees. In the contemporary world, labour behaviour increasingly becomes conditioned by attitudes to a remuneration adequate to workers' expectations and capable of satisfying their various needs and requirements (material, professional, status-related, and personal ones). Concerning the level of understanding of importance of motivation process for labour efficiency, Russia is noticeably behind the world's leading countries. The problem of earningsrate has become still more urgent than in the Soviet period. According to notions expressed by employed respondents, their average earnings today are approximately three-fold lower than they deserve. Under Russia's conditions, for most people work increasingly becomes the source of means for survival, whereas in the developed industrial countries the significance of socio-psychological "stimuli" is increasing (recognition and approval of results of work, need for respect from human environment, for recognition and approval of achievements, need for self-expression and realisation of personal potential, satisfaction -with results of -work, possibilities of creative and business career, professional promotion, success, need for communication, support, participation, responsibility, etc.). At present, the question must be creation of a new system of social guarantees, really ensuring social protection to every citizen in a society based on market relations. Despite deep changes in society, the public prefers a pattern of the development of social guarantees when the government assumes responsibility for satisfaction of the most significant social needs of people. The question is, in the first place, predominantly free school education and health services. It seems that the logic of mass consciousness in this case fully conforms to economic efficiency and social utility. ; The Monitoring of social and economic change enables to estimate the consequences of social policy, in particular on the basis of the dynamics of such generalised estimates as people's attitude towards life, observance of social rights, material conditions of families, current mood, evaluation of the present times (namely how difficult they are), and readiness to protest. On the basis of the listed indicators, two significant points are noted: first, the obvious prevalence of negative estimates by practically all indicators (except readiness to protest); second, either an increase of negative estimates or their stagnation observed across all indicators. At present in society, the necessity of a deep social reform aimed at achievement of positive changes has become ripe, first of all in the area of social and labour relations and a system of social guarantees. In the contemporary world, labour behaviour increasingly becomes conditioned by attitudes to a remuneration adequate to workers' expectations and capable of satisfying their various needs and requirements (material, professional, status-related, and personal ones). Concerning the level of understanding of importance of motivation process for labour efficiency, Russia is noticeably behind the world's leading countries. The problem of earningsrate has become still more urgent than in the Soviet period. According to notions expressed by employed respondents, their average earnings today are approximately three-fold lower than they deserve. Under Russia's conditions, for most people work increasingly becomes the source of means for survival, whereas in the developed industrial countries the significance of socio-psychological "stimuli" is increasing (recognition and approval of results of work, need for respect from human environment, for recognition and approval of achievements, need for self-expression and realisation of personal potential, satisfaction -with results of -work, possibilities of creative and business career, professional promotion, success, need for communication, support, participation, responsibility, etc.). At present, the question must be creation of a new system of social guarantees, really ensuring social protection to every citizen in a society based on market relations. Despite deep changes in society, the public prefers a pattern of the development of social guarantees when the government assumes responsibility for satisfaction of the most significant social needs of people. The question is, in the first place, predominantly free school education and health services. It seems that the logic of mass consciousness in this case fully conforms to economic efficiency and social utility.

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The problems of providing of social stability of society in the context of process of informatization examined. The basic positive and negative consequences of informatization are analyzed. Possible variants of influence of political factors on social stability of modern Byelorussian society are presented. = Рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения социальной стабильности общества в контексте процесса информатизации. Анализируются основные позитивные и негативные последствия информатизации. Представлены возможные варианты воздействия политических факторов на социальную стабильность современного белорусского общества.

Наблюдаемый сегодня в российской экономике кризис актуализирует проведение всестороннего анализа реальной ситуации и поиск путей преодоления негативных тенденций. Точечные меры, принимаемые Правительством РФ в рамках антикризисного плана, не решат существующих проблем, совокупность которых, по нашему мнению, во многом сводится к несостоятельности проводимой денежно-кредитной политики. С начала рыночных реформ денежно-кредитная политика в РФ подчинена требованиям Международного валютного фонда и базируется на его монетарной догме, согласно которой рост денежной массы провоцирует повышение уровня инфляции. Результаты анализа динамики ключевых составляющих денежно-кредитной политики доказали несостоятельность этой догмы, прежде всего на том основании, что в России занижена норма денежного предложения и монетарная инфляция не может иметь место. Дефицит ликвидности привел в 2011-2014 гг. к торможению, а в 2015 году падению всех макроэкономических показателей. Консервативная политика Банка России, подрывающая финансовый суверенитет и блокирующая экономический рост, идет вразрез с задачей обеспечения экономической безопасности, поставленной Президентом РФ. Вместо создания внутренних источников, способных обеспечить потребности страны в экономическом развитии, банковская система превратилась в основной канал кредитования чужих экономик, о чем свидетельствуют эскалация вывезенного банками капитала и концентрация банковских активов в офшорных юрисдикциях, а также странах, объявивших санкционную войну РФ. В статье представлены результаты анализа влияния денежно-кредитной политики на экономическое развитие. Главный вывод состоит в том, что в условиях ухудшающейся внутренней экономической ситуации, осложненной внешнеполитическими и внешнеэкономическими факторами, текущая денежно-кредитная политика не отвечает стратегическим задачам опережающего экономического роста и требует незамедлительной корректировки. Систематизированы и предложены первоочередные меры в этом направлении. Информационной базой исследования послужили официальные данные Банка России, Министерства экономического развития РФ, Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Всемирного Банка, Международного валютного фонда. ; The crisis observed today in the Russian economy actualizes a comprehensive analysis of the real situation and demands finding ways for overcoming negative trends. Certain measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation in the framework of an anti-crisis plan, will not solve the existing problems, the totality of which, in our opinion, is largely reduced to the failure of Russian monetary policy. Since the beginning of market reforms, monetary policy in Russia has been governed by the requirements of the International Monetary Fund and is based on its monetary dogma, according to which the increase in the money supply causes an increase in inflation. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of the key components of monetary policy refuted this dogma, primarily on the grounds that Russia has underestimated the normal money supply, and monetary inflation cannot take place. The shortage of liquidity resulted in 2011-2014 in a slowdown, and in 2015 in the fall of all macroeconomic indicators. Conservative policy pursued by the Bank of Russia, undermining financial sovereignty and blocking the economic growth is contrary to the objective of economic security set out by the President of the Russian Federation. Instead of creating internal sources able to meet the needs of the country in economic development, the banking system has become the main channel for lending to foreign economies, as evidenced by the escalation of exported capital by banks and concentration of banking assets in offshore jurisdictions as well as in the countries that have declared the sanctions war against Russia. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of monetary policy on economic development. The main conclusion is that in a deteriorating domestic economic situation complicated by external political and economic factors, the current monetary policy does not meet the strategic objectives of advancing economic growth and requires immediate correction. The author systematizes and proposes priority measures in this direction. The study is based on the official data of the Bank of Russia, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service, World Bank, International Monetary Fund.

В статье рассматривается социальное развитие в контексте концепций социальной политики и их развития. Основные проблемы в социальной работе анализируются на основе его характеристик как деятельности общества и государства, неотъемлемая часть социальной, институциональной и политической жизни. Сущность и особенности социальной политики изучаются с учетом многочисленных влияющих факторов и необходимости применения комплексного подхода, охватывающего различные аспекты с современной точки зрения. Кроме того, развитие социальной политики в историческом аспекте, при акцентировании внимания на этапах разработки концепции и характеристик, поддерживается важными выводами о развитии социальной политики в Болгарии. Таким образом, цели, задачи и принципы являются производными и акцентируют особое внимание на наиболее значимые взаимоотношения в обществе и его развитии. В данной статье предлагается классификация социальных проблем. Дополнительное представление общих концепций и моделей обеспечивает поддержку сделанных выводов по развитию социальной политики и внедрению различных социальных моделей, программ или стратегий. ; The article discusses social development in the context of the concepts of social policy and their development. Main problems in social work are analyzed on the basis of its characteristics as an acticity of society and of state, an inseparable part of social, institutional and political life. The essence and the peculiarities of social policy are studied taking into consideration the numerous influencing factors and the need of application of a complex approach embracing different aspects and from a contemporary point of view. Furthermore, the development of social policies in historical aspect, focusing on the stages of concept development and characteristics, is presented, supported by some important reflections on the development of social policy in Bulgaria. Hevce, the objectives, tasks and principles are derived putting a special attention to the most significant interrelations in society and its development. A classification of social problems is also proposed. The additionall presentation of the general concepts and models provides an additional support to the conclusions on social policy development and introduction of various social models, programs or strategies.

В этом номере журнала мы публикуем статью Т.Ю. Сидориной и размышления по поводу данной статьи С.Н. Смирнова (авторов учебного пособия «Социальная политика» (М.: ГУ-ВШЭ, 2004), посвященные вопросам эффективности проводимых в России социальных реформ, формирования многосубъектной социальной политики в условиях усиления влияния государства в социальной сфере, перспективам развития социальной политики, а также роли и возможностям отдельного человека, рядового россиянина, участвовать в решении социальных проблем. ; The central question of this paper is represented by the nature of modern social policy in Russia. In the end of 20th century Russia found itself in a rather difficult situation, a transition from paternalism in solving social problems to a new paradigm, which was based on market principles and exchange mechanisms. There were no exact guidelines on how to overcome the transition from socialism to market. For hundreds of years, the Western tradition has been enriched with the experience of democratic government, civil society institutions and entrepreneurship. On the contrary, Russia had almost no such experience. At the same time the prospect of transition to capitalism with all of its attributes (market and democracy) was so attractive, that it was to be accomplished as soon as possible. Is such a swift transition from paternalism in social policy to liberalism of 1990s in Russia possible or even feasible? Were those the right models to be chosen as a priority? The experience of the past years has proved the falsity of such hasty decisions. Among the sad outcomes of hastiness of liberal reforms one can list the following: catastrophic delay in solving social problems (including social policy development); discredit of liberal values; discredit of social reforms. The social policy of a modern democratic state, a market economy state, is an element of a social contract. The question of a social contract in Russia is one of an open kind. Claims of democratic values, liberal tradition including civil society, social state and many others, which were announced in the beginning of reform, are now regarded only as a hasty tribute, premature expectations and promises of the leading part of Russian population. Presently the nature of social policy in Russia is determined by a vertical contract. Claiming itself social and democratic the state raises the bar of social responsibility of a common individual so high, that he just isn't able to participate in the process of social «reform and partnership». A common citizen cannot participate in mortgage lending, as it is beyond his capabilities, cannot afford himself medical insurance in a good polyclinic, cannot pay for a more or less serious surgery, cannot provide his children with a good higher education (including attainment), etc. Of course, market processes keep on going, but its restrictions and forms are such, that far from many can afford to participate in them. As it is said, "would be glad to get to paradise but the blames do not allow it!" From here, (particularly) comes the political inactivity of the major part of the population, continuation of welfare-recipient behaviors (as a display of inability to exist under compulsory subsidies). As a result, social policy (and the selection of path) according to the terms of a vertical contract is carried out not on the basis of referendums, but on dictation and command.

Приближающийся цикл политических выборов первого лица государства обостряет дискуссии о том, какие преобразования в социальной сфере следует предпринять. Большинство экспертов, работающих в данной области, склоняются к точке зрения, что основное изменение должно коснуться институтов реформирования социальной сферы. В данной статье основное внимание уделяется субъектам реформирования социальной политики в регионах, где на основе эмпирических материалов автор стремится показать, почему действующие сегодня субъекты социальной политики не готовы к модернизационному прорывуThe research focuses on the motivation of actors that interact in the sphere of social policy in Russian regions. The evaluation of such motivation and resource capacities of various groups of regional elites are analyzed through the data from in-depth interviews conducted by the author in 2006-2010. Key actors of regional executive and legislative bodies, business-elite and regional experts are interviewed. Based on the research the author concludes: regional elites in Russia lack the motivational resources to provide a successful modernization breakthrough in the field of social policy. This conclusion to a certain extent contradicts the widespread point of view among the experts (E. Gontmakher, Y. Kouzminov, T. Maleva, etc.), according to whom the changes in social policy are possible if the relevant institutions are to be correspondingly optimized. This is true, of course, but barely enough. It is quite often suggested that the actors are ready to act by default under given local contexts and certain institutional framework. The author, however, doesnt share that optimism relying on her own extensive research and awareness with local situation. Todays strategies of political behavior among regional elites (including social policy) are remarkable for their adaptability, which, in turn, is a consequence of the power vertical that blocks any initiative from beyond. The readiness of executive bodies to implement social policy according to regional specifics is, in fact, quite low. At the same time executive power positions itself as an agent, which owns the monopoly for information, competence and better vision of the strategy in the field of social policy. Although expressing such ambitions it has no strategic vision. This leads to low efficiency of the implemented policies. Regional legislators are unable to seek the consensus in how it should be done, in spite of all the modernization rhetoric with respect to social policy. Moreover, hidden and often non-transparent rules of the game provide certain advantages to most deputies. Social policy, thus, remains a subject to populist debates among the representatives of various political parties, although stimulates no real change. Business in Russian regions is a forced actor of social policy, as it was before. In spite of supporting the subsidiary model of social policy, it is, in fact, a money bag for the paternalist model, which is imposed by legislative and executive powers. And this form of cooperation has even strengthened under crisis. At the same time it is often forgotten, that such obligatory help doesnt produce a sustainable motivation. From here follows the only possible conclusion: business cannot be regarded as a system and stable actor of regional social policy. Neither have become such system actors the trade unions and various NGOs. The article provides extensive argumentation in favor of such point of view. It is peculiar that post-criminal business tries to reassert itself as a real actor of social policy. However, it can never become a system actor, no matter how much it requires social policy in pursuing its own interests. The reason is a high level of distrust to its actions from society. The research allows to highlight the doubtless process, which takes place in contemporary Russia: the regional social policy is highly affected by the excessive control from federal power. This leads to the situation, where regions unwillingly accept the prescriptions from above rather than work out their own initiatives in the field of social policy. This naturally leads to a deficit of motivation. However, regions remain a perspective ground for new social practices to sprout. This can become possible if the federal pressure will become less protrusive

Анализируются возможности философского, более определенно социально-философского, анализа российского социума в аспекте социальных мер поддержки гражданской общности. Автор раскрывает существенные качества социальной политики, ее универсальные основания, тенденции развития в условиях демократического развития. Статья представляет теоретический и практический интерес для обществоведов, работников социальной сферы. ; The author reveals tendencies of the development of contemporary social policy in contemporary Russian society on the basis of analysis of its problems; conducts the comparative analysis of contradictory development of social policy in terms of centralized control, authoritarian acts and democratic living conditions. Perspective lines of development of socially political acts in terms of civil society, and real variety of social subjects are revealed on the basis of comparative analysis.

In this article the ways of development of social policy of Russian Federation in aspect of the analysis of the main Government of Russian Federation program documents on intermediate term and long-term perspective are described. ; In this article the ways of development of social policy of Russian Federation in aspect of the analysis of the main Government of Russian Federation program documents on intermediate term and long-term perspective are described.