Norske partier og velgere beskriver og analyserer de toneangivende norske partiene fra starten av i 1880-årene fram til i dag. Bokas mål er å binde sammen historie og valgforskning. Nesten to av tre velgere stemte i 2021 på partier som var hundre år eller eldre. Men om partinavnene er de samme, har partienes budskap endret seg. De tilpasser seg nye tider og nye konflikter, endrer profil og kommer dermed nye partier i forkjøpet. Partiene har etterlatt seg mange spor. Valgresultatene er omhyggelig registrert, og i kombinasjon med hvor partiene stiller lister, kan regionale profiler tegnes. I 1949 kom den første samfunnsvitenskapelige kartlegging av partivalg. I 1957 gikk startskuddet for de regelmessige stortingsvalgundersøkelsene som Henry Valen og Stein Rokkan sto bak, og fra 1995 ble de supplert med regelmessige lokalvalgundersøkelser. Datatilfanget i denne boka inkluderer også Norsk Monitors sosiokulturelle undersøkelser fra 1985 til 2021. De omfattende og gode datagrunnlaget i denne boka åpner for å studere velgerne i detalj etter en mengde ulike egenskaper. Boka er skrevet for studenter og andre som er opptatt av norsk partihistorie og valgforskning, og er en interessant og tilgjengelig framstilling av norske partiers framvekst og utvikling over en lang historisk periode
Tradition and literature are not held back by borders. Transnationality is, for example, geographic, symbolic, or linguistic movement and action. Different kinds of cultural transitions and migrant traditions are connected with transnationality. Studying the multilingualism of literary texts or diverse cultural identities, transnationality is a prolific angle. In the 102nd Yearbook of the Kalevala Society Foundation, the topics cover for example migration and return migration, material things crossing borders, and places of music culture. At a more theoretical level we are asking how studying transnationality enriches the disciplines with roots in the national sciences.
Tourism must be planned and developed differently from what is customary today, as growth in rigid economic terms is still prioritised over the cultural and socioecological sustainability of lived-in cultural and natural environments. The global ecological crisis can no longer be ignored by tourism developers and investors – or by tourists. The seventeen authors of this book are from a variety of disciplines and fields of expertise. Through research-driven and profession based knowledge on different aspects of tourism planning in Finland and elsewhere, they offer transformative perspectives and practical applications for responsible tourism planners, investors and political decision-makers to utilise. Through the book's overarching themes – learnings from the history of tourism planning, wellbeing, participation, building and architecture, people and infrastructure – it addresses a general audience, professional communities, and academic communities. The book's urgent quest is to prevent tourism from remaining one of the causes for the greatest problem of all time, the worsening baseline of living conditions on Earth.
The nineteenth century has been called an age of monuments. In some places even one piece made a difference. This book is a study of the intellectual background and physical making of Finland's first public sculpture, the statue of Professor Henrik Gabriel Porthan by Carl Eneas Sjöstrand. The idealised but sombre Porthan was born under the influence of German neoclassicism. Development on the project was slow but sure. The Swedish artist had to be supported over three years while he was putting together his first monumental piece in Munich and Rome, after which came another three years wait before the cast arrived to Finland. The bronze sculpture, commissioned by the Finnish Literary Society and raised by public subscriptions from people of all classes, was unveiled in the city of Turku in September 1864. Finns took some pride in the fact that, unlike other nations that had raised monuments to kings and generals, here the first place was given to a scholar. In this study Sjöstrand's pioneering bronze is placed in a wider context and compared with works by his precursors and contemporaries in the international sculptor colony of Rome.
In a world marked by surging international conflicts, labour market globalisation, ever-widening economic inequities, steady improvement in the flow of information, and increasing possibilities for mobility over greater distances, the number of migrants on a worldwide basis is hardly likely to decrease in coming years. Immigration regulations are devised within a confluence of national interests, international laws, and attention to migrants' individual rights. The tension between these disparate considerations begs the question: How can we best safeguard both universal rights issues and European economic integration, as well as the Norwegian state's obligation, vis-à-vis the distribution of benefits, to its own citizens. We are moving into extremely complex ethical and legal territory, where there are no easy answers. In this book, the author puts Norway's immigration policy under a moral-philosophical loupe for a thorough analysis of various answers to key questions in the Norwegian immigration debate.
This book is aimed at anyone interested in immigration policy issues, but especially persons working professionally in the field, such as political philosophers, politicians, lawyers, case managers and political scientists. - I en verden der internasjonale konflikter stadig blusser opp, arbeidsmarkedet globaliseres, økonomiske ulikheter blir stadig større, informasjonsflyten kontinuerlig forbedres og mulighetene for å forflytte seg over store avstander er gode, vil antallet migranter på verdensbasis ikke bli lavere i årene som kommer. Innvandringsregulering finner sted i spenningen mellom statlige interesser, internasjonal rett og hensynet til migranters individuelle rettigheter. I lys av disse spenningene må vi stille spørsmålet om hvordan vi best mulig kan ivareta både universelle rettighetshensyn og europeisk økonomisk integrasjon, samt den norske stats forpliktelse overfor egne innbyggere i fordeling av goder. Vi beveger oss inn i et etisk og juridisk felt med stor kompleksitet, hvor ingen enkle svar er gitt. I denne boken legger forfatteren norsk innvandringspolitikk under en moralfilosofisk lupe, og drøfter grundig ulike svar på en rekke sentrale spørsmål i norsk innvandringsdebatt.
Boken retter seg mot alle med interesse for innvandringspolitiske spørsmål, men særskilt personer som arbeider profesjonelt innenfor feltet, slik som politiske filosofer, politikere, jurister, saksbehandlere og statsvitere.
This volume looks at the Finnish-German military alliance (1941–1944) as a translation zone – a multilingual network of military, administrative and civilian encounters that was held together by linguistically versed soldiers and civilians acting as interpreters and translators. It focuses on interpreters and liaison officers of the Finnish Liaison Staff in Rovaniemi, who were assigned to the staffs of the German army units with the task of maintaining communication between the two armies and assisting German troops in their daily matters. Furthermore, attention is paid to Finnish civilians, especially women whose language skills made them candidates for a range of mediation tasks in the German units. The reconstruction of military interpreters' and liaison officers' tasks and mediation agency between the two military cultures is based on their war-time weekly reports, whereas the civilian interpreters' experiences are drawn from a variety of autobiographical accounts, including interviews.
In her well-known song, 'Når himmelen faller ned' ('When the Sky Falls Down'), the Norwegian musician Anne Grete Preus described snow as 'celestial tipp-ex' and a mighty 'wonder'. But what exactly is it that snow corrects? And what gives snow its power?
Snow's Formulas: A Natural Phenomenon in Literature attempts to answer these and similar questions by discussing the motif of snow in the context of modernization processes marked by increasing instrumentalization and rationalization. Snow transforms landscapes and defies modernity's innovations; it simultaneously obscures and accentuates, and also enchants. This process can be described in different ways: as the sublime's breakthrough in a philosophical, aesthetic sense, or, in a poetological sense, as non-mimetic writing. This strategy plays out in language, and the objective of this study has been to investigate snow's rhetoricity and how literary depictions of snow can be in response to the challenges of modernity. The book includes readings of texts by H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven and Tarjei Vesaas, among others.
The relationship between snow and modernity is illustrated from a dual perspective. Emphasis is placed on the individual's position and self-perception within the process of modernization, as well as on the aesthetical problems that arise when writing about snow. Snow makes a white surface; it 'overwrites' the ground and encourages a non-mimetic poetry. Snow can be said to be an engine of modern aesthetics that does not take language's referential aspect for granted. - I sin kjente låt Når himmelen faller ned betegner Anne Grete Preus snø som «himmelsk korrekturlakk» og et mektig «under». Men hva er det egentlig som snø må korrigere, og i hva består dens makt?
Snøens formler: Et naturfenomen i litteraturen søker svar på slike spørsmål idet snømotivet diskuteres på bakgrunn av moderniseringsprosessen, kjennetegnet ved økende instrumentalisering og rasjonalisering. Snø forandrer landskapet og sier modernitetens nyttetenkning imot; den tildekker og aksentuerer samtidig og fortryller. Denne prosessen kan beskrives på forskjellige måter: som det sublimes gjennombrudd i filosofisk-estetisk henseende, eller, i poetologisk henseende, som en form for avrealisering. Denne strategien utspiller seg i språk, og formålet med denne studien er å granske snøens retorisitet og hvordan den litterære fremstillingen av snø svarer på modernitetens utfordringer. Boken inneholder lesninger av blant annet H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven og Tarjei Vesaas.
Forholdet mellom snø og modernitet belyses fra et dobbeltperspektiv. Søkelyset rettes på individets stilling og selvforståelse i moderniseringsprosessen, men også på estetiske spørsmål som reiser seg når det diktes om snø. Snøen lager en hvit flate, den «overskriver» jorden og spiller på denne måten en amimetisk poetikk i hendene. Snø kan sies å være en pådriver av en moderne estetisk posisjon som ikke tar språkets referensielle side for gitt.
Hans Nielsen Hauge established and led at the end of the 18th century Norway's first nationwide popular movement, a low church network that would leave its mark on everyday life, business development and politics in the transition from absolute monarchy to representational government. People called themselves Haugians long after Hauge's death in 1824. It was a spiritual awakening on a scale that deserves considerable room when we write the history of modern Norway.
This book provides a new perspective on the roots of the Hauge movement in the religious mentality of the 18th century, on how it functioned in its most radical phase up to 1814, and on the importance of the network for economic modernization and political mobilization in the subsequent decades. Retrospective interpretations of Hauge's complex endeavor are also explored. In sum, the nine chapters provide a broader understanding of the Hauge movement and the era in which it flourished. We hope that the book also sheds light on the state of Norway's people, government and religiosity today, over 250 years after Hauge's birth.
The book has been edited by research fellow Eli Morken Farstad and associate professor Kristian Holen Nymark, both historians at the University of South-Eastern Norway. - Hans Nielsen Hauge startet Norges første landsomfattende folkebevegelse på slutten av 1700-tallet. Det lavkirkelige nettverket satte sitt preg på hverdagsliv, næringsutvikling og politikk i overgangen fra enevelde til folkestyre. Folk kalte seg haugianere lenge etter Hauges død i 1824. En slik vekkelse må få stor plass når vi skriver historien om det moderne Norge.
Denne boka gir nye perspektiv på Hauge-bevegelsens røtter i 1700-tallets religiøse mentalitet, på hvordan vekkelsen virket i sin mest radikale fase fram mot 1814, og på nettverkets betydning for økonomisk modernisering og politisk mobilisering framover i hundreåret. Ettertidens fortolkning av Hauges mangslungne virksomhet blir også lagt under lupen. I sum gir de ni kapitlene en bredere forståelse av Hauge-bevegelsen og tiden den virket i. Vi håper at boka også kan kaste lys over folk, stat og religiøsitet i dag, over 250 år etter Hauges fødsel.
Boka er redigert av stipendiat Eli Morken Farstad og førsteamanuensis Kristian Holen Nymark, begge historikere ved Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge.
Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire during the years 1808–1917. At this time nationalism as well as other ideologies reached Finland from Europe, which strengthened the willingness to change both in society and on a governmental level. The Fennoman movement, which was a movement focusing both on language and on nationalism, became the core of the Finnish self-perception. The goal was to define Finland as a coherent and separate country in relation to its neighbouring countries. Collecting folk poems and learning to know one's home country became essential. People saw the Kalevala poems as a way to understand and define the Finnish identity and the history of the Finnish people. Especially young people with a background in academia were intrigued by these ideas. University students collected poems all over the Grand Duchy of Finland as well as in the Russian part of Carelia, in Sweden, Norway and in Ingria. Students who collected these folk poems also wrote travelogues about their travels and all this material was handed over to The Finnish Literature Society. These documents are unique and there has not been much research done on them, especially with the focus on how the young academic generation during the age of autonomy defined their home country, their national self-perception, themselves and the commoners living in the rural parts of the country. This book reviews travelogues written by one hundred university students who travelled in the country collecting folk poems during 1836–1917. The book offers insight into how the students described Finland and what it meant to be Finnish. Travelogues can be defined as a sort of hybrid of texts. They consist of a mixture of letters, journals, biographical texts and travel books. Consequently, the image that the students depict of Finland is in this study based upon research perspectives and methods used in textual research, oral history and travel literature. The travelogues written by students previously evoked the interest of researchers who mainly studied certain traits of poem collectors, tradition bearers or poems. However, the travelogues contain plenty of information about the lives of the people who lived in the areas where the poems were collected. The descriptions of Finland in the travelogues do not represent the "real" 19th century Finland, but instead it is a story written and created by university students. The characteristics that are presented in The Land of Hope are based on how the intelligentsia perceived "real" Finnishness as opposed to the uneducated commoners living in the rural parts of the country. The most notable themes in the travelogues are the state and the future of the society and of being Finnish. Another theme is the otherization of those who were uneducated commoners. These themes describe the fears and hopes that university students had about Finland. They also show us that the travelogues were ideological texts about Finland and Finnishness that united the collectors of folk poetry. This book studies the collection of folk poetry in the context of the ideologies during the age of autonomy and it explains what the collection of poems meant and who were involved in it. Furthermore, the book gives an insight into the possibilities to pursue academic studies and it also presents the most essential sources of students' knowledge about Finland at that point of time.
Migration and mobility transform the daily lives and surroundings of those who travel and relocate, as well as the places they move from and to. This anthology presents some of the disparate perspectives, theories and methodologies that characterize research on migration and mobility.
Through the book's eleven chapters the authors shed light on international research on migration and Norwegian research on transience and tourism. The contributions include empirical studies of immigrant workers and their welfare, marginalization in the job market and opportunities for successors, social mobility in the new country, repro-migration, and local community responses and adaptation to mobility. The book also provides a comprehensive discussion of Norwegian integration policy and methodological challenges and blind spots in Norwegian migration research. On the whole, Migration and Mobility – Actions, Patterns and Perceptions in the Context of Norway is a significant contribution to the advancement of research in these areas.
The book will be of interest to everyone concerned with the study of migration and mobility in Norway, but especially to researchers in the field and students of sociology, social anthropology, human geography and other social sciences at the higher educational level.
Migration and Mobility has been edited by Mariann Villa (professor of sociology, NTNU), Erik T. Valestrand (doctoral fellow in sociology, NTNU) and Johan Fredrik Rye (professor of sociology, NTNU). - Migrasjon og mobilitet former hverdagsliv og omgivelser for dem som flytter og reiser, og på de stedene det flyttes og reises til. Denne antologien viser noe av mangfoldet av perspektiver, teorier og metodologier som preger forskningen innen migrasjon og mobilitet. Gjennom elleve kapitler belyser forfatterne internasjonal migrasjonsforskning og nasjonal flytte- og turismeforskning. Bidragene inkluderer empiriske studier av arbeidsinnvandrere og deres omsorgspraksis, marginalisering på arbeidsmarkedet og etterkommeres muligheter, innenlands sosial mobilitet, repromigrasjon og lokalsamfunns respons på og tilpasning til mobilitet. Boka tilbyr også en mer overordnet diskusjon om norsk integreringspolitikk og om metodologiske utfordringer og blindsoner i norsk migrasjonsforskning. Samlet sett er Migrasjon og mobilitet – handlinger, mønstre og forståelser i norsk sammenheng et bidrag til videre utvikling av forskningsfeltet migrasjon og mobilitet. Boka retter seg mot alle med interesse for hvordan migrasjon og mobilitet studeres i norsk sammenheng, men særlig mot forskere på feltet og studenter i sosiologi, sosialantropologi, samfunnsgeografi og andre samfunnsvitenskaper på høyskole- og universitetsnivå. Migrasjon og mobilitet er redigert av Mariann Villa (professor i sosiologi, NTNU), Erik T. Valestrand (doktorgradsstipendiat i sosiologi, NTNU), og Johan Fredrik Rye (professor i sosiologi, NTNU).
Alex Matson (1888–1972) is an important Finnish literary critic and essayist, whose literary reviews and collections of essays have made a vital contribution to the development of Finland's postwar literary generation. Born in Finland as the son of a sailor, Matson moved as a young child with his family to Hull in England, where he went to school. In the 1910s, he moved back to Finland, where he at first established himself as painter associated with the expressionist November Group, an important Finnish artistic movement at the time. In the interbellum, he moved from fine arts to literature. In the 1920s and 1930s, he published several novels, but more important was his work as transmitter of international literary ideas to Finland. Together with his first wife, Kersti Bergroth, he edited the literary journal Sininen kirja (""The Blue Book""; 1927–1930), which was inspired by the writings of John Middleton Murry and Katherine Mansfield. Sininen kirja is the most international literary journal in Finnish history to date and introduced Finland to the most significant modernist writers of the first half of the 20th century (Gottfried Benn, Jean Cocteau, Alfred Döblin, T. S. Eliot, Aldous Huxley, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Paul Valéry, Virginia Woolf). During the Second World War, Matson worked for the State Communications Agency, which was responsible for disseminating relevant information about Finland to other nations and for informing Finns of relevant developments abroad. It was also tasked with studying the prevailing mood among the population in Finland. In Matson's unpublished wartime diaries, one can see the first symptoms of a shift in Finnish culture away from Germany and towards Anglo-Saxon culture. From the 1940s onwards, Matson recommended new English and American novels as a part of his work as reader for Finnish publishing houses, and he also translated works by Joyce, Hemingway and Steinbeck. With the help of a network of international literary critics, Matson became acquainted with New Criticism, which he introduced to Finland before it became established among academic researchers. He was often critical of academic literary studies, but his seminal essay works Romaanitaide (""On the Prose Novel""; 1947), John Steinbeck (1948), Kaksi mestaria (""Two Masters"", on Tolstoy and Dostoevsky; 1950) as well as his impressive conversational skills were instrumental in introducing knowledge about the principles of the prose novel to several authors (including Väinö Linna, Lauri Viita, and Hannu Salama), and contributed to their views of literature. Matson emphasized the importance of reading and understanding high-quality literature for the wellbeing of society.
The book presents the biographies and work lists of 126 Finnish women composers born between 1784 and 1909. Based on large-scale archival research, it is the first comprehensive historical account of Finnish women composers and their cultural heritage. The authors draw on feminist music history and the sociohistorical approach to find out who these women were, what kind of music they wrote, and how their careers reflected European cultural and social history. The treatise highlights the influence of girls' schools, women's suffrage movements and other socio-political developments on the musical culture of women. Concepts such as "composer", "woman" and "Finnish" were assumed to be open and inclusive throughout the research, in terms of both musical style and diversity in cultural background. In concentrating on music-making by women, the book opens up radically new vistas on Finland's music and cultural history, and it rectifies previous erroneous conceptions about women's composership and their artistic work. In short, it exposes the richness in the sonic and intellectual heritage of Finnish women composers, as well as its significance in society today.