Suchergebnisse

Denne ph.d.-afhandling bidrager til diskursen om at udvikle ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund gennem co-design og en arkitektfaglig tilgang. Vores samfund gennemgår store forandringer og to drivende kræfter er i højsædet: En stigende aldrende befolkning samt øget urbanisering. Dette kræver, at vores byer og lokalsamfund kan imødekomme behovene og kravene fra denne voksende, heterogene og diverse aldrende befolkning. Arkitektur og design er vigtige aktører i denne sammenhæng, dog går disse fagligheder ikke forrest i denne diskussion som er drevet af sundheds- og samfundsvidenskabelige samt politiske perspektiver. Med denne afhandling, er målet at bidrage med en co-design og arkitektfaglig tilgang til denne udfordring ved at undersøge hvordan rumlige udforskninger og en ældrevenlig co-design tilgang kan bidrage til en ældrevenlig rumlig praksis, når man i fremtiden undersøger og udvikler ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund. Afhandlingen undersøger derudover, hvad en sådan ældrevenlig rumlig praksis kræver af arkitektrollen. Gennem eksplorativ-, praksisbaseret- og participatorisk designforskning lægger studiet vægt på processen omkring at forstå samt at co-designe ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund med grupper af ældre mennesker med lav socioøkonomisk status, som er bosiddende i udsatte boligområder. Fire empiriske studier er blevet udført og præsenteres i tre separate artikler. Den første artikel fokuserer på 'go-along interviewet' som en metode til at involvere ældre mennesker i at forstå deres lokale nærmiljø i Københavns Sydhavn. Artikel 2 præsenterer to co-design processer fra samme område i København og diskuterer, hvad der gør sådanne co-design processer særligt ældrevenlige. Den tredje artikel præsenterer en co-design proces udført med ældre mennesker og lokale aktører i Grønland og fokuserer på de forskellige aktørers perspektiver omkring en sådan co-design proces. Afhandlingen bidrager med praktiske og teoretiske perspektiver på, hvordan ældre mennesker kan deltage i at udvikle ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund ved at udvikle lokalt og samtidigt adressere samfundsmæssige problemstillinger. De empiriske studier er blevet udført i en tværfaglig forskningskonstellation med bidrag fra arkitektur, co-design, gerontologi og antropologi. Denne tilgang afspejles ligeledes i den teoretiske positionering, hvor perspektiver fra 'environmental gerontology', co-design samt rumlig praksis bruges som teoretiske linser til at diskutere det empiriske materiale samt afhandlingens forskningsspørgsmål. Emner på tværs af felterne inkluderer rumlige dimensioner i forhold til aldring, hverdagsliv, rumlig praksis, ressourcer, ekspertise og kreativitet. Ældre mennesker er omdrejningspunktet i disse diskussioner. Ph.d.-afhandlingen bidrager til diskursen omkring udvikling af ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund ved at definere en 'ældrevenlig rumlig praksis' samt at demonstrere, hvordan ældre mennesker og andre aktører kan involveres i at co-designe ældrevenlige rum samt udforske rumlige dimensioner af ældrevenlige byer og lokalsamfund. I afhandlingen diskuteres betydningen af sådanne samarbejdsprocesser og hvordan de kan bidrage til at opdatere og revidere aldringsbilledet (internt og eksternt). Derudover diskuteres arkitektens rolle i en sådan ældrevenlig rumlig praksis. Denne diskussion inkluderer at indskrive arkitektfagligheden i ældre menneskers hverdagsliv samt at samarbejde med seniorer, praksis interessenter og andre fagligheder gennem socio-rumlige, kreative og undersøgende arbejdsprocesser. ; This thesis inscribes itself in the discourse of developing Age-friendly Cities and Communities (AFCCs) from an architectural and a co-design perspective. Our society is changing, and two major societal forces are at the forefront: a rapidly ageing population and increasing urbanisation. This means that cities and communities are required to meet the needs and demands of this growing, heterogeneous and diverse ageing population. Architecture and design are important actors in this development; however, they are often not at the forefront of the discussion, which is mostly driven by health, social science and political perspectives. Hence, the objective of this study is to present a co-design and an architectural approach to the issue of AFCCs through an investigation of how an age- friendly co-design approach and spatial explorations can contribute to an age-friendly spatial practice when understanding and developing AFCCs. Further, this thesis seeks to explore the role of the architect in an age-friendly spatial practice. Through exploratory, practice-based and participatory design research the study places emphasis on the process of understanding and co-designing AFCCs with older people of low socio-economic status living in deprived areas. Four empirical studies have been carried out and will be presented in three separate articles. The first article focuses on the 'go-along interview' as a method of involving older people in understanding their local neighbourhood in Copenhagen. The second article presents two co-design processes carried out in Copenhagen and discusses what makes the co-design process particularly age-friendly. The third article presents a co-design process carried out with older people and local municipal stakeholders in Greenland and focuses on the various stakeholder perspectives in such a process. The thesis offers practical and theoretical perspectives on how to engage older people in the development of AFCCs when working locally while at the same time addressing societal matters. The empirical studies have been carried out in an interdisciplinary research constellation which spans across the fields of architecture, co-design, gerontology and anthropology. This is reflected in the theoretical positioning, where perspectives from environmental gerontology, co-design and spatial practice serve as lenses for discussing the empirical data and the research objective. Topics across the fields include the spatialities of ageing, everyday life and spatial practices as well as resources, expertise and creativity with older people at the centre of these discussions. This PhD thesis defines what can be understood as age-friendly spatial practice and demonstrates how older people and other actors can be involved in co-designing age- friendly spaces as well as exploring the spatial dimensions of AFCCs. The thesis discusses the significance of such collaborations and how they can contribute to updating and revising the image of ageing (internally and externally). It further discusses the role of the architect in an age-friendly spatial practice, which includes situating the profession in the everyday life of the older people and collaborating with seniors, practice stakeholders and different disciplines through socio-spatial, creative and exploratory working modes.

As natural resources are becoming scarcer, the call for alternative business models and consumptions pattern becomes more urgent. This affects the traditional fashion system in a way where isolated solutions cannot solve the environmental challenges alone. In this paper, I discuss the potential of involving user insights in the design process as a strategy for democratisation of fashion. The discussion is raised on the basis of experimental and practice-based research project of how designers can engage with users to gain insights on material and aesthetic experience in relation to use, and further employ these insights as inspiration for design development. This perspective suggests to consider the use phase as a part of the design process with an aim to encourage for user empowerment as part of the sustainable transition that the fashion industry faces. The explorations presented in this paper, focusses on the role of the textile designer in the progression towards another fashion system.

Den digitale sky gennemsyrer det daglige liv. 3,6 milliarder brugere føder den 174 $ millionindustri som udgør 3% af det globale energiforbrug. Afhandlingen undersøger metaforen og de datacentre som det er tegn på for at afsløre skyens midlertidighed, rumlighed og materialitet fra et arkitektonisk perspektiv. Ved at skabe analogier med skyvariationer – meteorologiske, fiktive og nedfalds-skyer – søger undersøgelsen at afdække hvad sky-metaforen afslører om digitale arkiver. På trods af den (digitale) skys omfattende tilstedeværelse i beslægtede fagområder, har den stadig ikke etableret en teoretisk ramme i arkitektur. Gennem "planetary imaginary" viser jeg at digitale arkiver legemliggør det meteorologiske modus: som meteorlogiske skyer er de ekstremt responsive og opdaterer konstant deres animerede mobile data, styret af en arkiveringsimpuls til at opdatere. Del I undersøger geologiske konsekvenser af datacentre, skyens fysiske rygrad, da servere er lavet af materialer udvundet af jorden: metaller, mineraler, sjældne jordarter (Parikka). Da geologi var en ung videnskab defineredes planeten som et arkiv. I dialog med en række tænkere (Ruskin, Smithson, Ernst, Leopold, Bjornerud, Cohen, Deleuze og Guattari) udvikler jeg den geologiske modus – en tidslig, materiel og rumlig metode der legemliggør jordens/terrænets logik. Det guider min analyse af tre casestudier. Først Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Det arkiverer sedimentkerner udtaget af fra havbunden, der indeholder geofysiske og miljø historier legemliggjort i fossiler. Med Meillassoux undersøger jeg de store tidslige horisonter i det før animerede stof. For yderligere at vurdere terrænets tidsligheder, vender jeg mig mod stor-skala mindesmærket Il Grande Cretto (1984–2015) af kunstneren Alberto Burri. Det arkiverer geologisk materiale der engang udgjorde Gibellina´s byggede struktur, før det blev ødelagt af jordskælv. I tråd med planetens immanente bevægelse (Nigel Clark), affekt teori (Sara Ahmed og Lauren Berlant) og kunsthistoriske referencer, forstår jeg Cretto som Burri's forsøg på at skabe et ophold, en pause i de vedvarende geologiske aktiviteter. Den geologiske modus frembringer arkiver der uafbrudt opdaterer deres indhold. Denne modus er legemliggjort i Nordeas hovedkvarters datacenter af Henning Larsen, 2017. Datacentre tæmmer det geologiske stofs kapacitet til at arkivere. Deres indgroede hemmelighedsfuldhed modstandsdygtighed og redundans inviterer den arkitektoniske sammenligning til bunkeren (Virilio, Hu). Bunkeren er som en modvægt overfor den omfattende infrastruktur som datacentrerne ikke kan isoleres fra (Koolhaas, Easterling). I Del II med datacentrers faste men aktive (geologiske) terræn som baggrund, har jeg vendt mig mod skyen og den meteorologiske modus. Begyndende med den filosofiske kontekst af skyen og dets skyer som medie (Durham Peters) beskriver jeg de meteorologiske skyers drivgas som datapunktskyer, der bogstaveligt lagrer og overfører information. Som data i den digitale sky, komponerer den konstant foranderlige og omskiftelige drivgas stadigt nye forbindelser og sammenstillinger. Med reference til tidlig "computing" (Babbage) taler jeg for meteorologiske skyer som analoge computere. For en arkitektonisk konstellation af vejr og "computing" vender jeg mig mod meteorologen Richardsons spekulative Forecast Factory (1922) – en kombination af en sky og en klode, designet til at beregne og arkivere planetens vejr. Jeg vender mig mod den arkiveringshistorie som har påvirket skymetaforen. Eksemplet med en tidlig databank foreslået af den amerikanske regering i 1966, afslører hvordan det kybernetiske arkiv i kombination med den kolde krigs konstante tilstedeværelse af radioaktivitet, gav næring til arkiv- og netværk- feber, kulminerede afslutningsvis i vores digitale sky. Udlicitering af ubevidste kognitive processer (Hayles) til "technical beings", er et forsøg på at dæmpe disse febertilstande. Jeg kobler den digitale skys domæne af ubevidstes "mschine learning" og big-data med forestillingen om et "great outdoors" (Meillassoux, Bennett). Kunstige skyer medierer det utilgængelige. Arkitektoniske eksempler fra 1960-erne (Wright, Ant Farm) aktualiserer skymediatoren i en tid hvor det globale, øjeblikkelig kommunikation og rumrejser spirede. Den digitale sky udgør et eksteriørt og fysisk utilgængeligt domæne der paradoksalt nok er fyldt med intime og identitet-definerende information om dets eksternaliserede brugere. Den digitale sky er mere end en metafor: den artikulerer, stadig mere gennemtrængende, tærsklens rumlighed, af kroppe uden overflader, af medie som rum, af vores byggede verden udvidet til det uhåndgribelige – kort sagt et "great outdoors". ; The digital cloud permeates daily life. The $174 billion industry is fuelled by 3.6 billion users and constitutes three per cent of global energy consumption. This thesis examines the cloud metaphor and the data centres it denotes to reveal the cloud's temporality, spatiality and materiality from an architectural perspective. By creating analogies with cloud variations—meteorological, fictional and artificial clouds—the research seeks to uncover what the metaphor discloses about digital archives. Despite the (digital) cloud's ample presence in adjacent fields, a theoretical framework for it has yet to be established in architecture. Tapping into the planetary imaginary, I show that digital archives embody the meteorological mode: like meteorological clouds, they are extremely responsive and governed by an archival impulse to continuously update their animated, mobile data. Part I addresses the geological implications of data centres, the physical backbone of the cloud, as servers are made of materials extracted from the ground: metals, minerals, rare earth elements (Parikka). The beginnings of geology as a science (Hutton, Lyell) defined the planet as an archive. In dialogue with a variety of thinkers (Ruskin, Smithson, Ernst, Leopold, Bjornerud, Cohen, Deleuze and Guattari), I develop the geological mode—a temporal, material and spatial method that embodies the logic of the ground. It guides my analysis of three case studies. The first is the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, New York. This archives sediment cores, extracted from ocean floors, which contain geophysical and environmental histories embodied in fossils. Thinking with Meillassoux, I explore the vast temporal horizons stored in the formerly animated matter. To further gauge the ground's temporalities, I turn to the large-scale memorial Il Grande Cretto (1984–2015) by artist Alberto Burri. It archives geological matter that used to constitute the built fabric of Gibellina before the latter was destroyed in an earthquake. In line with the planet's intrinsic movement (Clark), affect theory (Ahmed, Berlant) and art-historical references, I understand Il Grande Cretto as Burri's attempt to suspend persistent geological activities. The geological mode engenders archives that incessantly update their content. This mode is embodied in Henning Larsen's Nordea Bank headquarters data centre (2017). Data centres harness the archival capacities of geological matter. Their ingrained secrecy, resilience and redundancy invite architectural comparison to the bunker (Virilio, Hu). The bunker is positioned in tension with vast infrastructure networks from which data centres cannot be isolated (Koolhaas, Easterling). In Part 2, against the backdrop of the firm but active (geological) ground of data centres, I turn to the cloud and the meteorological mode. Beginning with the philosophical context of the sky and its clouds as media (Durham Peters), I describe meteorological clouds' aerosols as data points that literally store and transmit information. Like data in the digital cloud, the continuously transforming and shifting aerosols compose ever- new adjacencies and juxtapositions. Referring to early computing (Babbage), I postulate meteorological clouds as analogue computers. For an architectural constellation of weather and computing, I turn to meteorologist Richardson's speculative Forecast Factory (1922)—a combination of a cloud and a globe, designed to compute and archive the planet's weather. I then turn to the archiving history that has affected the cloud metaphor. The example of an early databank proposed by the American government in 1966 reveals how the cybernetic archive, in combination with the constant presence of radioactivity during the Cold War, fuelled archive (Derrida) and network fever (Wigley), finally culminating in our digital cloud. The outsourcing of nonconscious cognitive processes (Hayles) to technical beings is an attempt to cool these fevers. I pair the digital cloud's nonconscious realm of machine learning and Big Data with the notion of a great outdoors (Meillassoux, Bennett). Artificial clouds mediate the inaccessible. Architectural examples during the 1960s (Wright, Ant Farm) actualised the cloud mediator at a time of budding instant global communication and space travel. The digital cloud thus constitutes an exterior, a physically inaccessible realm that is paradoxically filled with intimate and identity-defining information about its externalised users. The digital cloud is more than a metaphor: it articulates an increasingly pervasive spatiality of the threshold, of bodies without surfaces, of space as media, of our built world extended into the intangible—in short, a great outdoors.

Working collaboratively is arguably an essential skill in architectural practice as the complexity of contemporary projects involves multiple agents in the conception, construction and use of architecture. This has been emphasised by recent government rhetoric. Mass collaboration has been identified as a transformative global force of the last decade, most notably in knowledge and information publishing, communication and creation. This paper presents a structured conversation on changing understandings of collaboration, and the realities of collaborative methodology in architectural work. Ideas of the platforms and structures necessary to support 'creative' collaborations are advanced and tested, and a vocabulary of key terms is developed. The conversation extends to reflect on the role of the architecture profession in supporting or enabling collaboration in architectural works.

FIN DE COPENHAGUE this book by the Danish Cobra artist Asger Jorn and the French philosopher Guy Debord, is the first in a series of two and was published in 1957, shortly before the authors founded the Situationist International. According to Jorn, upon arrival to Copenhagen, they stole some newspapers and magazines, got drunk and in less than 48 hours created this book. It includes 36 pages of collages, which were first printed in an "edition de-luxe of 200 copies" and bound in a compressed mass of paper. In the discourse of the Situationist International, Fin de Copenhague is usually presented as a psychogeography, not least because Guy Debord is officially named as a "technical adviser in détournement." Without a table of content and no line of thought it seemingly represents an attack towards any rational method to convey knowledge about the city in architecture, literature, geography, history, etc. and is therefore considered as an anti-book. This research approaches the book from a different angle, by making a comparable analysis with the actual development of the city of Copenhagen. The fact that Copenhagen´s center underwent an enormous depopulation since the implementation of the fingerplan in 1948 and the increasing appropriation of the urban space by commerce hint at Jorn´s critique on the functionalist city from the 1940s and anticipates some of the issues that Debord will raise more than a decade later in Society of the Spectacle. Therefore, the hypothesis is that the book not only relates to Debord´s and Jorn´s theories but in its representation of the environment as a range of geographic, social, political and economic dynamics but also proposes a vision of the future city as a multi-layered network in a state of constant transformation.

This abstract addresses the role and value of welfare institutions as social structural elements of daily life, framing the informal -but important- meeting between residents in an urban fabric. The discussion is contextualized through the demolition of the primary school Nordgårdsskolen, a local school serving the area of Gellerup, a social housing area back then framing the life of app. 7.000 people counting more than 80 nationalities in the western part of Aarhus, Denmark. Demographics vary from the rest of the city of Aarhus as 35 pct. of tenants are under 18 years of age, meaning that a very high percentage of the local population has direct or indirect relations to schoolchildren and their institution (being parents, siblings, grandparents or other relatives). Due to integration problems and political pressure, a close-down of two kindergartens and Nordgårdsskolen was decided on in 2007 and the demolition of the school itself took place in 2013 – 42 years after its initiation. This caused distribution of children to a large number of schools not only to the surrounding school districts but also to districts in other parts of the municipality. In a Danish context the area of Gellerup was considered a highly modern "new town" at its initiation in 1968 – the architect Knud Blach Petersen unfolding international inspirations in terms of local welfare-, cultural- and sports facilities supporting the housing structure and the quality of life of the tenants. New Towns have always been places characterized by migration: by definition, they have no 'original' inhabitants – every resident is a migrant. This situation makes it even more important to gather residents to promote integration. The aim of the paper is to investigate and discuss the role and value of local welfare institutions not only as centers of service, but also as creators of cohesion, trust and identity. In the specific case of Gellerup, the paper will unfold the social effects of demolishing Nordgårdsskolen as a physical place of informal meetings in a local multicultural community as Gellerup.

Dansk sammendrag af rapporten Formålet med KADK: LAB er at etablere en fælles identitet på tværs af eksisterende værksteder/laboratorier, samt at sikre at disse repræsenterer state-of-the-art i forhold til ekspertise og faciliteter med særlig fokus på højteknologi. Ambitionen med KADK:LAB er at skabe mere værdi inden for det nære KADK-fællesskab (på tværs af de tre skoler), samt i relationen med eksterne partnere. KADK: LAB vil generere værdi ved at: ●Styrke den akademiske relevans inden for den håndværksmæssige og materiale fokuserede analytiske praksis. ●Skærpe ideen om at værksteder og laboratorier er miljøer til kritisk refleksion, der understøtter 'thinking through doing'. ●Anspore til innovation og vidensproduktion inden for værksteds- og laboratoriebaseret praksis ●Forholde sig kritisk og aktivt til nye tendenser og kulturer inden for værksteds- og laboratoriebaseret praksis, samt relevante politiske dagsordener. ●Stimulere synergien mellem værksteds- og laboratoriemiljøer Den værdi, som KADK: LAB genererer, vil blive anvendt til at opnå en tredelt vision, der er målrettet mod at: ●fremme Forsknings/KUV og undervisnings aktiviteter ●udvikle innovation inden for værksteds/laboratoriepraksis ●opbygge strategiske partnerskaber inden for og uden for KADK Visionen og anbefalingerne i rapporten er udviklet gennem en hørings- og udviklingsproces, der har involveret: ●Fire tidligere rapporter ●Interviews med medlemmer af KADK:LAB's arbejdsgruppe ●6 workshops med KADK:LAB's arbejdsgruppe ●3 workshops med repræsentanter fra hver skole ●1 workshop med studenter repræsentanter fra de tre skoler. ●Besøg til relevante eksterne akademiske og industrielle miljøer ●1 præsentation til KADK's styregruppe ●1 præsentation til KADK-rektoratet og skolelederne ●Hyppige møder mellem projektlederen (Mathilde Aggebo) og 'KADK: LAB skrivegruppen'. Rapporten præsenterer også en række anbefalinger til strategier, der sigter mod at realisere visionens mål, samt fremme en kultur der søger synergi på tværs af discipliner og miljøer, og som kan reagere aktivt og kritisk over for nye samfundstendenser og politiske dagsordener. Disse strategier er organiseret inden for seks hovedområder: 1. Grænsefladen mod Research / KUV 2. Grænsefladen mod undervisning 3. Rum 4. Organisation 5. Identitet 6. Budget og finansiering Et antal strategier bygger på og gentager anbefalinger fra tidligere relaterede rapporter. Disse er suppleret med strategier, der retter sig mod unikke muligheder, der er fremkommet i forbindelse med udviklingen af visionen for KADK: LAB. I alt præsenterer rapporten mere end 35 strategier. Nedenfor fremhæver vi otte af de mest fremtrædende: ●udvidelse af fysiske rum, der indeholder fleksible mock-up områder ●nøgle aftaler med det formål at kunne styre udviklingen af KADK:LAB i tråd med visionen ●facilitere og værtskaber for tværfaglige pilot forskningsprojekter ●styring af "åben" adgang til alle faciliteter gennem valgfrie kurser ●Fremme ekstern rådgivning til industri / praksis ●korte faglige efteruddannelseskurser inden for højteknologisk praksis ●løbende faglig udvikling af værksteds- / laboratoriepersonale ●etablering af en tværfaglig kandidatuddannelse med et højteknologisk fokus Gennem konkrete scenarier viser rapporten også, hvordan flere strategier med fordel kan gennemføres på samme tid og understøtte visionens mål. Vi præsenterer fire eksempler på sådanne scenarier: 1. 'Opblødning af grænser' 2. 'Residency' 3. "Tværfaglig uddannelse" 4. 'Udvidet netværk' ; Summary of Report The purpose of KADK:LAB is to establish a common identity across existing workshops/labs and ensure they represent the state-of-the-art in expertise and facilities, with a particular focus on high-technology. The ambition of KADK:LAB is to generate value within the immediate KADK community (across the three schools) and with external partners. KADK:LAB will generate value by: ●strengthening the academic relevance of making and materially focused analytical practices ●sharpening the idea that workshops and labs are spaces of critical reflection supporting 'thinking through doing' ●spurring innovation and knowledge creation within workshop and lab based practices ●critically responding to emerging trends and cultures within workshop/lab practices, and relevant policy level agendas. ●stimulating synergies between workshops and lab environments The value that KADK:LAB generates will be applied to achieving a three-fold vision that targets: ●advancing Research/KUV and Teaching activities ●nurturing innovation of workshop/lab practices ●building strategic partnerships within and beyond KADK The vision and recommendations presented in this report have been developed through a consultation and development process involving: ●Reference to four prior reports ●Interviews with members of the KADK:LAB Working Group ●6 workshops with the KADK:LAB Working Group ●3 workshops with staff representatives of each school ●1 workshop with student representatives from the three schools. ●Visits to relevant external academic and industry facilities ●1 presentation to the KADK Board ●1 presentation to the KADK Rectorate and Heads of Schools ●Frequent meetings between the Project Leader (Mathilde Aggebo) and the 'KADK:LAB writing group'. The report also presents recommended strategies aimed at achieving the ambitions of the vision, and fostering a culture that promotes synergies across disciplines and environments, and that can critically respond to emerging societal trends and policy agendas. These strategies are organised by six key areas: 1.Interface with Research/KUV 2.Interface with Teaching 3.Space 4.Organisation 5.Identity 6.Budget and Funding A number of the strategies reiterate recommendations made by previously commissioned reports. These are supplemented with strategies that target unique opportunities afforded by the prospect of KADK:LAB. In total, the report presents over 35 strategies. We highlight eight of the most prominent ones below: ●expansion of physical spaces to include flexible mock-up areas ●key appointments to steer KADK:LAB in line with the vision ●brokering and hosting cross-disciplinary pilot research projects ●managing 'open' access to all facilities through 'elective' courses ●fostering external consultancy to industry/practice ●offering Post-professional short courses in high-technology practices ●continued professional development for workshop/lab staff ●establishing a trans-disciplinary, high-technology focused, Master's level education The report also demonstrates how multiple strategies can be intersected through tangible scenarios that support the aims of the vision. We present four example scenarios: 1.'softening boundaries' 2.'residency' 3.'trans-disciplinary education' 4.'extended network'

Deriving value in Capital Marx uses three commensurability arguments (CA1-3). CA1 establishes equivalence in exchange as exchangeability with the same third commodity. CA2 establishes value as common denominator in commodities: embodied abstract labour. CA3 establishes value substance as commonality of labour: physiological labour. Tensions between these logics have permeated Marxist interpretations of value. Some have supported value as embodied labour (CA2, 3), others a monetary theory of value and value as 'pure' societal abstraction (ultimately CA1). They all are grounded in Marx.

In this text Sigrún Perla Gisladótir and Ruth Baumeister talked about current gender politics in architecture.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the urban majorities are financially excluded from the formal housing markets and reside in informal settlements. Limited knowledge on the development of informal settlements compromises the efficacy of urban planning and policies targeting such areas. This study presents an analysis of informal urban land use in four major cities in East Africa, as well as an analysis of urban form and household conditions in a case study area in each city. The study found more compact urban form, higher levels of tenants and overcrowding, and lower levels of access to water and sanitation in the examined cities with limited informal urban land use. The study argues that government repression of informal urban development decreases informal land supply and leads to increased competition in the informal land market, causing higher costs of accommodation and consequent fewer household resources for investments in infrastructure and thereby more compromised livelihood. The study argues that governments should accept some modes of informal development, simplify the urban development administration processes, and use technological innovation in land surveys and management, in order to lower costs of accommodation and improve livelihoods for the urban majority financially excluded from the formal housing market in East Africa.

This book focuses on the work of architects and thinkers who make the case for a convivial approach to architecture through the innovative use of passive energy design. The included projects and essays position the role of passive inventions as a key form of activism within the field of architecture and environmental control. In contrast to many approaches to sustainable architecture today which treat the environmental impact of buildings as a specialized, technical field outside of its ethical and political implications, this book describes pioneering efforts to link passive energy design with the active political project of advocating for a better, more ethical built world. The book is framed around the work of Harold R. Hay, an American chemist and inventor who strongly believed in the potential of passive energy design and was an activist to its cause.

A growing tendency to remodel social housing areas can actually be recognized in the Nordic countries. The paper analyses a case where a vulnerable modernistic housing area is remodelled based on social arguments. Through findings it is discussed how more responsible circular strategies can save the inhabitants and the environment from ´wasting´ already valuable welfare and already existing spatial structures and materials. The starting point is taken in the actual transformation of Gellerup, a New Town area built from 1968 to 1972 in Aarhus. A dramatic demolition has already taken place to avoid social disorder. This was done to provide room for rethinking, for changes in demography and for mixed ownership, and thereby solve several social problems. The process is under development, but already before this remodelling has finished and will perhaps fulfil its purpose, the government and the city council have predicted further demolishment. The tenants are increasingly reacting to this development, which erases their homes and the history of Gellerup. The loss of the areas memories and the fact that they feel they are not involved in decisions regarding their area worry them.

A growing tendency to remodel social housing areas can actually be recognized in the Nordic countries. The paper analyses a case where a vulnerable modernistic housing area is remodelled based on social arguments. Through findings it is discussed how more responsible circular strategies can save the inhabitants and the environment from ´wasting´ already valuable welfare and already existing spatial structures and materials. The starting point is taken in the actual transformation of Gellerup, a New Town area built from 1968 to 1972 in Aarhus. A dramatic demolition has already taken place to avoid social disorder. This was done to provide room for rethinking, for changes in demography and for mixed ownership, and thereby solve several social problems. The process is under development, but already before this remodelling has finished and will perhaps fulfil its purpose, the government and the city council have predicted further demolishment. The tenants are increasingly reacting to this development, which erases their homes and the history of Gellerup. The loss of the areas memories and the fact that they feel they are not involved in decisions regarding their area worry them.

In recent decades, we have witnessed a move towards a further protection of central urban cores through introduction of retail planning in Denmark. Recent changes in legislation have significantly changed these principles through a planning reform as proposed by the liberal government and adopted by Danish parliament in 2017. The change in legislation fits with a longer trend of liberalization of spatial planning in Denmark since the mid-2000s. 4th of June 2019 it was announced that the building of a high- rise tower and accompanying shopping district was put on hold by the developer. A project proposed for outside the town of Brande, which due to its radical appearance had caused a stir in architectural- and urban planning communities. Before the 2017 planning reform, such a project would be impossible due to the retail planning sections in the Danish planning act. This purpose of this article is to unfold the project in Brande, the change in legislation, which made it possible, and the precedence it sets for Danish urban planning. The change in planning legislation and practice is contextualized with a historical background for Danish urban planning, and the change in planning principles is set in an international- and theoretical context.

The departure point for this paper is the perspective that spa- tial formats of Nordic welfare systems can be read as 'welfare plastics' – as welfare 'frozen in matter.' The paper focuses upon public spaces and the public realm in their transformation as a 'welfare plastic' – after 2001, and particularly since 2011 – under the dynamics of securitization. Here the presence of expanding physical security measures in public space is in- vestigated, in the context of existing theorizations of these de- velopments as an articulation of the reorientation of the role of the state, and its welfare priorities, away from social security toward physical security (Graham 2011, Kaspersen 2013). The paper investigates public space transformation within the urban core of Denmark's capital, Copenhagen, addressing the drivers, planning and implementation processes of adopting physical security measures (PSM); their impact in the spatial restructuring of the city; and their role in producing an evolving form of urban spatial politics and welfare. By placing the contemporary spatial and material conditions and performance of particular spaces in 2020 in relief with those of the same spaces a half century earlier – in 1970 at the height of the so-called 'golden-age' of the Danish welfare state – the paper attempts to draw out some of the implications of shifting urban welfare imaginaries and ideals readable from the welfare plastics themselves. The work draws upon field- work, analysis of photography, mapping, media reporting and public discourse, and interviews, in dialogue with related theo- retical discourses on securitization.