Resumo No Brasil, esqueletos humanos do início do Holoceno são raros, impedindo um estudo detalhado das práticas funerárias desse período. O sítio arqueológico Lapa do Santo é uma exceção. Entre 2001 e 2009, foram exumados 26 sepultamentos do Holoceno Inicial, que são aqui descritos e distribuídos em sete padrões distintos. A inumação dos mortos na Lapa do Santo tem início entre 10300-10600 cal AP, com enterros simples e articulados (Padrão 1). Entre 9400-9600 cal AP, as práticas funerárias caracterizavam-se pela manipulação perimortem e o subsequente enterro dos ossos desarticulados de múltiplos indivíduos (Padrão 2). Entre 8200-8600 cal AP, esqueletos desarticulados de um único indivíduo, cujos ossos longos comumente apresentam fraturas perimortem, eram depositados em covas circulares (Padrão 3). Os demais padrões incluem esqueletos cujos membros foram removidos (Padrão 4), enterro de esqueleto completo desarticulado na forma de feixe (Padrão 5), cremação (Padrão 6) e enterro em cova circular, recoberto por blocos de arenito (Padrão 7). Caracteriza uma diversidade de sepultamentos desconhecida para o Holoceno Inicial, que contrasta com a homogeneidade tecnofuncional e de hábitos alimentares atribuída a esses grupos. Indica também constantes transformações ao longo do tempo, contradizendo a visão de que esses grupos seriam avessos a inovações culturais.
The violent nature of protests by the farmers of India in the first week of June 2017 drew the nation's attention to the gruesome reality of the agricultural sector. With over half of India's population engaged in farming and allied activities, low agricultural productivity due to reasons of erratic monsoons and poor support infrastructure and low Minimum Support Price for the crops, agriculture has tended to become a non-profitable enterprise for most them. Indebtedness, bankruptcy and lack of governmental respite have forced many peasants to commit suicides.
Using statistics from Ministry of Agriculture and Famers' Welfare, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Agricultural Census of India (2011) and the Situation Assessment Survey of the National Sample Survey Office (2013), this article depicts a macro economic picture of the agricultural sector as well as of those in this profession and discusses the underlying distresses. The aim of this article is to deconstruct the agricultural enigma in India that has its bearing upon the demography, society, economy, and politics of the country. It acknowledges the various efforts of the Union government towards a comprehensive development of agriculture. Further proactive measures are suggested to avoid a full-blown impending crisis of the primary sector.
This article attempts to provide a pragmatic way forward to revamp India's rich agricultural heritage and adds a caveat that if it is not addressed on an urgent basis, the farmers' decision to forego cultivation for even one cropping season or pursue a 'farm holiday' would terribly jeopardize the society, economy, and polity of the country.
By using quantitative and descriptive research approach via a cognitive analysis, this article investigated the influence of consumer literacy training as a tool to improve financial capability among South Africans. Data was gathered from 10300 consumer literacy trainees from Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa and purposively and conveniently sampled. The use of pre- and post-test questionnaire surveys, employing a Likert scale, was identified as crucial for gathering data on cognitive improvement. The collected data underwent analysis through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. To ensure the reliability of the results, robustness analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28 and STATA. Empirical findings from this research study have statistically demonstrated that consumers enhanced their knowledge and skills related to financial capability after receiving consumer financial capability training. This study contributes significantly to the existing literature by addressing a critical gap and substantially enhancing the knowledge of financial capability among the study's participants. These results carry potential implications for various stakeholders, including donors, consumers, policymakers, financial literacy educators, and finance practitioners, all of whom can play a pivotal role in promoting consumer financial education, particularly in the South African context. The study suggests that the theoretical models developed thus far have primarily focused on the driving forces behind consumer financial capability success. However, these findings also hold substantial promise for academia, policymakers, banks, and other key players in the field of consumer financial capability training, including short courses within South Africa. Furthermore, this study provides a solid foundation for future research aimed at enhancing consumer protection and shedding light on the various factors that may hinder low-income individuals from achieving their financial goals through financial institutions.
The aftermath of the 44-day Second Karabakh War resulted in the significant superiority and final victory of Azerbaijan, and the liberation of occupied territories revealed a nationwide plan for socioeconomic development. Currently, the rising actuality of the resettlement of internally displaced people (IDPs) in their freed homeland is the primary focus of both governmental and societal discourse. This article highlights the resettlement potential in Azerbaijan's postwar territories. A survey unveils a high rate of repatriation intention among IDPs and substantial resettlement potential among non-IDPs.
Book review: Reinhold Sackmann, Walter Bartl, Bernadette Jonda, Katarzyna Kopycka, Christian Rademacher: Coping with demographic change: a comparative view on education and local government in Germany and Poland. European studies of population, Vol. 19. Cham: Springer 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-10301-3.