Suchergebnisse

European and Italian legislation have banned use of growth promoters in livestock since 1988, but epidemiological data show that anabolic drugs are still being used illegally. Recent surveys carried out on the cattle farms in Northern Italy have confirmed the presence of growthpromoting hormones. Authors report data on growth performances in 80 Valle del Belice×Comisana weaned lambs experimentally treated with 17 beta-estradiol with 0.5 ml solution of oil Depot Estradiol ® (containing 5 mg of 17β- estradiol valerate) by intramuscular injection into the thigh. The experiment was founded by the National Ministry of Health, to validate histological test for surveillance and control of growth-promoting hormones in sheep. This study confirmed the strong correlation between clinical and anatomopathological features and growth performances of treated animals. Otherwise, no significant differences were found on in vivo performance of the lambs. Estradiol treatment showed heavier shoulders and necks on treated lambs, while the loins were significantly lighter. Moreover, lambestradiol- treated groups showed lower separable and inseparable fat percentage than lamb-control groups.

Natural steroidal estrogens such as 17 β-estradiol (E2), as well as antimicrobials such as doxycycline and norfloxacin, are excreted by humans and hence detected in sewage sludge and biosolid. The disposal of human waste products on agricultural land results in estrogens and antibiotics being detected as mixtures in soils. The objective of this study was to examine microbial respiration and E2 mineralization in sewage sludge, biosolid and soil in the presence and absence of doxycycline and norfloxacin. The antimicrobials were applied to the media either alone or in combination at total rates of 4 and 40 mg kg-1, with the 4 mg kg-1 rate being an environmentally relevant concentration. The calculated time that half of the applied E2 was mineralized ranged from 294 to 418 d in sewage sludge, from 721 to 869 d in soil and from 2,258 to 14,146 d in biosolid. E2 mineralization followed first-order and the presence of antimicrobials had no significant effect on mineralization half-lives, except for some antimicrobial applications to the human waste products. At 189 d, total E2 mineralization was significantly greater in sewage sludge (38 ±0.7%) > soil (23 ±0.7%) > biosolid (3 ±0.7%), while total respiration was significantly greater in biosolid (1,258 mg CO2) > sewage sludge (253 mg CO2) ≥ soil (131 mg CO2). Strong sorption of E2 to the organic fraction in biosolid may have resulted in reduced E2 mineralization despite the high microbial activity in this media. Total E2 mineralization at 189 d was not significantly influenced by the presence of doxycycline and/or norfloxacin in the media. Antimicrobial additions also did not significantly influence total respiration in media, except that total CO2 respiration at 189 d was significantly greater for biosolid with 40 mg kg-1 doxycycline added, relative to biosolid without antimicrobials. We conclude that it is unlikely for doxycycline and norfloxacin, or their mixtures, to have a significant effect on E2 mineralization in human waste products and soil. However, the potential for E2 to be persistent in biosolids, with and without the presence of antimicrobials, is posing a challenge for biosolid disposal to agricultural lands. ; This research, including the stipends to graduate students Amarakoon and Rose, was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Undergraduate exchange student Ascef was funded by Sciences without Borders, a Brazilian government program. Undergraduate exchange student Claeys was funded by Perpignan University, France

Prevalence and migration of pharmaceutical substances in the aquatic cycles are among the most negotiable and environmentally relevant problems all over the world. On August 12, 2013 Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and Council was adopted; that Directive being the first document to contain pharmaceutical substances (diclofenac (DCF), 17-β-estradiol (E2) and 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) included in the Monitoring list. According to the right-down research it is believed that the mentioned substances can cause a harmful effect on the biota and the natural environment.To predict and to control the penetration of pharmaceutical substances into the environment, as well as to reduce their escape into it, the sources of their formation, their consumers, and the ways of their penetration into the environment are to be analyzed, their ability to change and to accumulate in the environment should be realized.To achieve this objective the legal basis applicable to the pharmaceutical substances (DCF, E2 and EE2) is analyzed in this paper, the volumes of Lithuanian sales of pharmaceutical substances (DCF, E2 and EE2) are determined, and the tendencies of sales alterations are discussed. The research done in this field is reviewed through the analyses and evaluation of the toxicological significance of these substances in the environment, through flows and sources of their penetration into the natural environment, the materials decomposition in the aquatic environment, and through the global experience in removal of pharmaceutical substances from wastewater and wastewater disposal in Lithuania.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.68.2.7378

The University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI), in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), conducted research and outreach to solicit input from the public, including medical specialists, to better understand the use of certain bulk drug substances nominated for use in compounding by outsourcing facilities under section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act). In particular, we were interested in how drugs compounded with these bulk drug substances were used historically, and how they are currently used in clinical practice. The research will assist the FDA in its development of a list of bulk drug substances that outsourcing facilities can use in compounding under section 503B of the Act. Research for each bulk drug substance included a systematic literature review, interviews with medical experts and a survey of healthcare practitioners. Our findings for the nominated substance, estradiol, were summarized in this report. ; U.S. Food and Drug Administration Clinical use of bulk drug substances nominated for inclusion on the 503B Bulks List Grant number: 2U01FD005946

The University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI), in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), conducted research and outreach to solicit input from the public, including medical specialists, to better understand the use of certain bulk drug substances nominated for use in compounding by outsourcing facilities under section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act). In particular, we were interested in how drugs compounded with these bulk drug substances were used historically, and how they are currently used in clinical practice. The research will assist the FDA in its development of a list of bulk drug substances that outsourcing facilities can use in compounding under section 503B of the Act. Research for each bulk drug substance included a systematic literature review, interviews with medical experts and a survey of healthcare practitioners. Our findings for the nominated substance, estradiol cypionate, were summarized in this report. ; U.S. Food and Drug Administration Clinical use of bulk drug substances nominated for inclusion on the 503B Bulks List Grant number: 2U01FD005946