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Industrial Concentration and the Fall of Dictators in Southern, and Central and Eastern Europe, 1950-2000 ; Industrijos koncentracija ir diktatorių žlugimas: Pietų bei Vidurio ir Rytų Europoje, 1950-2000 m
The issue of regime change is extremely important in today's politics, as illustrated by recent events in the world. One of the most promising fields in regime studies is the interaction between economic growth and democratization, which is the object of the thesis. Its goal is to propose and test a model that could explain the precise causal mechanism that operates when economic development leads to democratization. The following tasks were set: to analyse the scientific literature debating this issue and see what approaches are best supported theoretically and empirically; to create a model that connects economic and political variables which lead to democratization; to propose a testable hypothesis based on the model; to test the hypothesis by adopting the qualitative process-tracing method and the quantitative survival analysis. The Selectorate theory was used to construct a model, due to the fact that it may embrace the behaviour of both the economic and political actors. On the basis of this theory a game-theoretic model was constructed and a hypothesis proposed, which states that economic growth leads to restructuring of the selectorate and the winning coalition that creates uncertainty and motivates political leaders and their challengers to favour democratic institutions. The hypothesis was tested by applying process-tracing and survival analysis methods. In the former case, three cases (Spanish, Serbian and Belarusian) were analysed, as they were found to be least similar to each other from the entire studied sample. It may be concluded that the proposed model may explain all of these cases with only minor adjustments. In the latter case, the whole European post-1950 sample was analysed. It was found out that alterations in the structure of the economy and the interaction between changes in the industrial sector and the winning coalition/selectorate have statistically significant influence on the survival of dictators. The more there are changes, the more likely is democratization to take place, just as the model predicts. The following conclusions were arrived at: endogenous effect of economic growth on democratization is well grounded; the Selectorate theory is useful in explaining how economic growth impacts democratization; the proposed model is supported by both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Further research is needed in order to further test the hypothesis and the model. However, for now there both of them are supported empirically.
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Industrial Concentration and the Fall of Dictators in Southern, and Central and Eastern Europe, 1950-2000 ; Industrijos koncentracija ir diktatorių žlugimas: Pietų bei Vidurio ir Rytų Europoje, 1950-2000 m
The issue of regime change is extremely important in today's politics, as illustrated by recent events in the world. One of the most promising fields in regime studies is the interaction between economic growth and democratization, which is the object of the thesis. Its goal is to propose and test a model that could explain the precise causal mechanism that operates when economic development leads to democratization. The following tasks were set: to analyse the scientific literature debating this issue and see what approaches are best supported theoretically and empirically; to create a model that connects economic and political variables which lead to democratization; to propose a testable hypothesis based on the model; to test the hypothesis by adopting the qualitative process-tracing method and the quantitative survival analysis. The Selectorate theory was used to construct a model, due to the fact that it may embrace the behaviour of both the economic and political actors. On the basis of this theory a game-theoretic model was constructed and a hypothesis proposed, which states that economic growth leads to restructuring of the selectorate and the winning coalition that creates uncertainty and motivates political leaders and their challengers to favour democratic institutions. The hypothesis was tested by applying process-tracing and survival analysis methods. In the former case, three cases (Spanish, Serbian and Belarusian) were analysed, as they were found to be least similar to each other from the entire studied sample. It may be concluded that the proposed model may explain all of these cases with only minor adjustments. In the latter case, the whole European post-1950 sample was analysed. It was found out that alterations in the structure of the economy and the interaction between changes in the industrial sector and the winning coalition/selectorate have statistically significant influence on the survival of dictators. The more there are changes, the more likely is democratization to take place, just as the model predicts. The following conclusions were arrived at: endogenous effect of economic growth on democratization is well grounded; the Selectorate theory is useful in explaining how economic growth impacts democratization; the proposed model is supported by both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Further research is needed in order to further test the hypothesis and the model. However, for now there both of them are supported empirically.
BASE
Industrial Concentration and the Fall of Dictators in Southern, and Central and Eastern Europe, 1950-2000 ; Industrijos koncentracija ir diktatorių žlugimas: Pietų bei Vidurio ir Rytų Europoje, 1950-2000 m
The issue of regime change is extremely important in today's politics, as illustrated by recent events in the world. One of the most promising fields in regime studies is the interaction between economic growth and democratization, which is the object of the thesis. Its goal is to propose and test a model that could explain the precise causal mechanism that operates when economic development leads to democratization. The following tasks were set: to analyse the scientific literature debating this issue and see what approaches are best supported theoretically and empirically; to create a model that connects economic and political variables which lead to democratization; to propose a testable hypothesis based on the model; to test the hypothesis by adopting the qualitative process-tracing method and the quantitative survival analysis. The Selectorate theory was used to construct a model, due to the fact that it may embrace the behaviour of both the economic and political actors. On the basis of this theory a game-theoretic model was constructed and a hypothesis proposed, which states that economic growth leads to restructuring of the selectorate and the winning coalition that creates uncertainty and motivates political leaders and their challengers to favour democratic institutions. The hypothesis was tested by applying process-tracing and survival analysis methods. In the former case, three cases (Spanish, Serbian and Belarusian) were analysed, as they were found to be least similar to each other from the entire studied sample. It may be concluded that the proposed model may explain all of these cases with only minor adjustments. In the latter case, the whole European post-1950 sample was analysed. It was found out that alterations in the structure of the economy and the interaction between changes in the industrial sector and the winning coalition/selectorate have statistically significant influence on the survival of dictators. The more there are changes, the more likely is democratization to take place, just as the model predicts. The following conclusions were arrived at: endogenous effect of economic growth on democratization is well grounded; the Selectorate theory is useful in explaining how economic growth impacts democratization; the proposed model is supported by both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Further research is needed in order to further test the hypothesis and the model. However, for now there both of them are supported empirically.
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Mykolas Biržiška ir Vilniaus universitetas: veiklos studija ir atsiminimu̜ publikacija
In: Fontes historiae Universitatis Vilnensis
I̜žymios Lietuvos moterys: XIX a. antroji pusė - XX a. pirmoji pusė
In: Moteru̜ studiju̜ centras
Prof. Eber Landau, the very first chief of Histology and Embryology Department at the University of Lithuania ; Prof. Eber Landau – pirmasis Lietuvos universiteto Histologijos ir embriologijos katedros vedėjas
The article deals with the scientific activities of professor Eber Landau carried out in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Professor E. Landau was born November 8, 1878, in a merchant's family in Rezekne, Latvia. On leaving a classical high school in Riga, E. Landau studied at the Medical Faculty of Tartu University, graduating it in 1902. Later he improved his qualification in histology and anatomy at Villafrenk Zoology station, at the Histology Laboratory in Munich, and in St. Petersburg under the guidance of professor P. Leshaft. In 1906–1912 Landau worked as a prosector assistant at the Anatomy Institute, headed by professor A. Rauber, Tartu University. In 1912 he was elected a director of the Anthropology Institute, Tartu. On the outbreak of the First World War, E. Landau, as a Russian citizen, was called to the army and served as a neurologist and psychiatrist in Paris military hospitals. In 1918, E. Landau returned to Bern and for 5 years worked at the Anatomy Institute headed by prof. H. Strasner. In December 1, 1923, E. Landau moved to Kaunas University. Here he established the Department of Histology and Embryology and headed the Department till 1932. From 1932 till 1950 Eber Landau worked as a professor at the University of Lausanne. Professor E. Landau retired in 1950, but he still continued his research work in the field of neurohistology. Professor E. Landau died October 30, 1959. He left behind him an ample scientific heritage: 175 scientific publications and 12 doctoral theses done under his guidance.
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Prof. Eber Landau, the very first chief of Histology and Embryology Department at the University of Lithuania ; Prof. Eber Landau – pirmasis Lietuvos universiteto Histologijos ir embriologijos katedros vedėjas
The article deals with the scientific activities of professor Eber Landau carried out in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Professor E. Landau was born November 8, 1878, in a merchant's family in Rezekne, Latvia. On leaving a classical high school in Riga, E. Landau studied at the Medical Faculty of Tartu University, graduating it in 1902. Later he improved his qualification in histology and anatomy at Villafrenk Zoology station, at the Histology Laboratory in Munich, and in St. Petersburg under the guidance of professor P. Leshaft. In 1906–1912 Landau worked as a prosector assistant at the Anatomy Institute, headed by professor A. Rauber, Tartu University. In 1912 he was elected a director of the Anthropology Institute, Tartu. On the outbreak of the First World War, E. Landau, as a Russian citizen, was called to the army and served as a neurologist and psychiatrist in Paris military hospitals. In 1918, E. Landau returned to Bern and for 5 years worked at the Anatomy Institute headed by prof. H. Strasner. In December 1, 1923, E. Landau moved to Kaunas University. Here he established the Department of Histology and Embryology and headed the Department till 1932. From 1932 till 1950 Eber Landau worked as a professor at the University of Lausanne. Professor E. Landau retired in 1950, but he still continued his research work in the field of neurohistology. Professor E. Landau died October 30, 1959. He left behind him an ample scientific heritage: 175 scientific publications and 12 doctoral theses done under his guidance.
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Semiotinis žvilgsnis į Greimų tiltą Prienuose ; Semiotical narrative of the Greimai bridge in Prienai
In 2017, the world celebrated 100 years since the birth of Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917–1992). The anniversary inspired many commemorative works, events, conferences, research projects, etc. That is also the case with this paper. Here, instruments of semiotic analysis are applied to a rather unusual object – a bridge located in the town of Prienai, Lithuania. In 2010, the bridge was given the name of Greimai by the Government of Lithuania as a way of paying tribute to Julius Greimas (1882–1942), schoolteacher and burgomaster of Prienai (1934–40), and his son Algirdas Julien Greimas, literary scientist and semiotician who as a child liked to wander the woods of Prienai. The paper discusses the semantics and narrativity of the Greimai bridge. The main focus is on its function, the characteristics of the bridge and its shores, the semantic universe it embodies. Also considered is the transformation from a simple and concrete structure with a clearly defined function to a symbolic monument. The findings of this small research suggest that the bridge's characteristics make the Greimai name a good fit and that it creates additional meanings: one recognizes plurality and duality, the echo of the father-son relationship, cyclicality and rituality, etc. In addition, the bridge appears to act as a mediator between nature and culture, life and death.
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