Suchergebnisse

From the late twelfth century onwards, the German law became a universal organisational pattern of urban communes spread across Central Europe. Yet, the type of urban commune developed under the German law exceeded the limes of Latin Europe and the bounds of Central Europe, and extended to the area of Rus' – notably, the Halyč-Volhynian Principality – in as early as the thirteenth century. The new communal forms emerged as a group law for the arrivals flowing in from the West, mainly the Germans. These organisations, alien to Rus', emerged within the former, and still functioning, vernacular urban layouts – in the large political and commercial centres of Halyč-Volhynian Rus'. Their development in multiple forms can be traced: initially, settlement of a group of comers from the West – as in Chełm after 1240; a commune of foreign guests, led by an alderman – as in Przemyśl and Lemberg (Lwów, L'viv) before 1300; a self-governed commune – as in Volodimer before 1324; a law-based city – as in Sanok in 1339. These new developments were reflected in the terms used to describe the new realities: it was then, in the thirteenth century, that the word městič ('burgher') appeared in Old Rus'ian, a derivative of město (initially denoting a 'locus' later on, 'urbs'). ; p. 61-82 ; 23 cm ; From the late twelfth century onwards, the German law became a universal organisational pattern of urban communes spread across Central Europe. Yet, the type of urban commune developed under the German law exceeded the limes of Latin Europe and the bounds of Central Europe, and extended to the area of Rus' – notably, the Halyč-Volhynian Principality – in as early as the thirteenth century. The new communal forms emerged as a group law for the arrivals flowing in from the West, mainly the Germans. These organisations, alien to Rus', emerged within the former, and still functioning, vernacular urban layouts – in the large political and commercial centres of Halyč-Volhynian Rus'. Their development in multiple forms can be traced: initially, settlement of a group of comers from the West – as in Chełm after 1240; a commune of foreign guests, led by an alderman – as in Przemyśl and Lemberg (Lwów, L'viv) before 1300; a self-governed commune – as in Volodimer before 1324; a law-based city – as in Sanok in 1339. These new developments were reflected in the terms used to describe the new realities: it was then, in the thirteenth century, that the word městič ('burgher') appeared in Old Rus'ian, a derivative of město (initially denoting a 'locus' later on, 'urbs'). ; s. 61-82 ; 23 cm

Social attitudes toward communism in Poland encompassed the whole spectrum of attitudes, from affirmation, through adaptation, to resistance and dissent. The most developed and institutionalized form of dissent was the opposition movement. Komitet Obrony Robotników (Workers' Defence Committee), later transformed into the Social Self-Defence Committee 'KOR' was a new of type opposition against the communist regime; it created a political alternative and new methods of system contestation, which were followed by other groups in the democratic opposition in the 1970s. The main features of the KOR opposition model are: openness, acting without violence, absence of hierarchic organization, decentralization, legalism, solidarity, specified social objectives, political self-limitation, ethical radicalism, pluralism and civic virtue. ; p. 87-110 ; Social attitudes toward communism in Poland encompassed the whole spectrum of attitudes, from affirmation, through adaptation, to resistance and dissent. The most developed and institutionalized form of dissent was the opposition movement. Komitet Obrony Robotników (Workers' Defence Committee), later transformed into the Social Self-Defence Committee 'KOR' was a new of type opposition against the communist regime; it created a political alternative and new methods of system contestation, which were followed by other groups in the democratic opposition in the 1970s. The main features of the KOR opposition model are: openness, acting without violence, absence of hierarchic organization, decentralization, legalism, solidarity, specified social objectives, political self-limitation, ethical radicalism, pluralism and civic virtue. ; s. 87-110

In the panic.--A day in wheat.--The plant at High Grove.--The chairman's politics.--The lame boy.--The salt crowd's trade.--The end of the deal. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes bibliographical references and index ; Prompted by the Chinese saying, 'When I walk along with two others, I am bound to be able to learn from them', the title of this memoir reflects the author's close association with the local people through his work and leisure interests, and his consuming desire to learn as much as he could about their history and culture. The book covers several decades of Hong Kong's recent past, from the time James Hayes joined the Administrative Grade of the Hong Kong Civil Service in the 1950s to his retirement in the 1980s, thirty-two years later. Spending practically his whole career in departments rather than in the central Secretariat, serving in posts that brought him into direct contact with the public, we follow him as a young cadet fresh from language school to his first posting in the District Administration, New Territories, through all of his varied assignments to his final post between 1985-87, when he again served in a very changed New Territories in charge of an equally altered District Administration ; published_or_final_version ; Foreword ; Preface and Acknowledgements ; Chronology ; Abbreviations ; Glossary p311 ; Index p315 ; Ch. 1 Starting Out; Hong Kong in the 1950s p1 ; Ch. 2 The Shek Pik Reservoir p31 ; Ch. 3 The Resettlement Department p57 ; Ch. 4 The Secretariat for Chinese Affairs p85 ; Ch. 5 Back to SCA: The 1967 Disturbances and the City District Officer Scheme p109 ; Ch. 6 Tsuen Wan and Its People in Stirring Times p137 ; Ch. 7 Tsuen Wan: The District Office and Its Involvement with Festivals and Religion p163 ; Ch. 8 The Government and People Relationship in Town and Country (up to 1977) p189 ; Ch. 9 The Labour and Mines Department p219 ; Ch. 10 The New Territories 1985-87 p245 ; Ch. 11 The Government and People Relationship in Town and Country (1977-87) p277 ; App Village Representatives, Rural Committees and the New Territories Heung Yee Kuk p307

Translation of: L'Inventaire du monde. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-225) and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.