Suchergebnisse

Obálka -- Obsah -- Předmluva -- Úvod -- Gramofon -- Jean Marie Guyau: Paměť a fonograf -- Rainer Maria Rilke: Prazvuk -- Maurice Renard: Smrt a mušle -- Salomo Friedlaender: Goethe mluví do fonografu -- Film -- Salomo Friedlaender: Stroj na fatu morgánu -- Richard A. Bermann: Lyra a psací stroj -- Typewriter -- Martin Heidegger: O ruce a psacím stroji -- Carl Schmitt, Buribunkové: Dějinně-filosofický esej -- Doslov k českému vydání: Všechny přístroje zapnout -- Bibliografie -- Podrobný obsah -- Obrazová příloha.

The following comments compare the present orientations of Czech sociology with recent developments in European sociology. The analysis of sociology in Europe shows that the attention of European sociologists has shifted to social theory & social philosophy, sociology of culture, media, gender & feminism, political sociology, nationalism, ethnicity, & racism. Czech sociology, in the opinion of the author, still does not pay sufficient attention to such pressing issues of Czech society as national identity, nationalism, value transformations, the role of traditions, & European integration processes.

This paper provides a framework for the analysis of social movements, drawing on political process theory (PPT). The author argues that the concept of political opportunity structure is still adequate, although it has to be re-conceptualized at various points. Firstly, when analyzing contentious politics or collective action, it is much more suitable to handle the social movement as the unit of analysis rather then the protest event. Attention should also be paid to how the concept is applied. Finally, cultural aspects & the context of multilevel governance are implemented into PPT. This framework is used in the second part of the paper to analyze the Czech women's movement between 1989 & 2006. Adapted from the source document.

The article argues that many failures of economic policies, especially in the developing world, are accountable to the methodological biases of the underlying mainstream economic science. While the new institutional and development economics have substantially improved economic models, they still rely on the neoclassical assumptions of methodological individualism and utilitarism. Therefore, they cannot fully grasp the gender and cultural aspects of the societies living in developing countries, the dynamic character of their economies and their embedment in the natural, social and institutional environment. These scientific biases are analysed from the standpoint of four heterodox economic schools: those of feminist economics, evolutionary economics, ecological economics, and economic anthropology. The subsequent failure of the economic policies is documented by the cross-cutting example of the Structural Adjustment Programmes of the Bretton Woods institutions. The article concludes by emphasizing the common points of the heterodox schools and advocating for a methodological plurality in the Czech economic research and education. Adapted from the source document.

Offers four strategies of deconstructing gender symbolism, one of the methods & goals of contemporary feminist theory & practice - politics. (1) Lesbianism denaturalizes the institutions of 'compulsory heterosexuality.' (2) One can question the belief that sexual violence is the natural expression of male aggression, & women are men's victims. A better strategy seems to be to take the violence as a discursive matter that can be redescribed. If the narrative about successful resistance prevails over the narrative of woman as a natural victim, the aggressor's expectations can be changed. (3) Beauty discourses lead women to be weak, unable to resist violence, & susceptible to mental diseases like anorexia. (4) Maternity discourses associate women with maternity & see a woman's body as the subject of necessary control by the psychomedical sciences. They form an idea of woman's nature that is invariable & unchangeable. This notion is questioned by feminism as a serious limit on women's agency.

Around the end of the 1970s, studies began to emerge that focused on people's satisfaction with their housing, especially among tenants in social housing (tenant surveys). Gradually, research on people's housing satisfaction acquired a much broader context & it began to be conducted on national samples of respondents. In the 1980s the theoretical foundations of this field of study were established, & thanks to the spread of multi-dimensional statistical methods the analysis of housing satisfaction became the subject of numerous research projects around the world. The aim of this article is to describe, as precisely as possible, & using multi-dimensional statistical methods & structure modelling, the process that produces housing satisfaction in the Czech Republic & to trace the main factors behind its variability. The article draws on data from the National Housing Attitudes survey conducted in 2001.

Since the 1970s, the World Bank has had a new goal: poverty eradication. This essay evaluates the Bank according to this objective. Persisting poverty judges the organization's work negatively. The Bank's many policies were often even contradictory over time, bringing strong criticisms, which its current policies reflect. These are the lessons of former failures in the Banks poverty reductions policies: The Bank's strategies now concentrate on both the market & the state to promote "development." The causes of underdevelopment lie not only in bad governance, but also in states' unfavorable economic positions. It is important to cooperate with the poor while trying to reduce poverty. "Development" is not only an issue of domestic economic reforms: political & social reforms are also important. The World Bank's newest Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) reflect these changes. They should achieve the ambitious Millennium goals, but time will be their judge. Adapted from the source document.