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Alors que filmer en France est soutenu par la puissance publique, filmer la France est un projet plus difficile, malgré quelques belles réussites documentaires et cinématographiques.

1 . Beberapa dokumen2 telah disusun dalam artikel ini, terutama ang- garan belanja suatu film Indonesia.

From Silent Films to « Talkies »: The Birth of the Cinematographic Quality in France during the Interwar Period
Fabrice Montebello
The identification of motion picture industry as a "national wealth" at the beginnung of the twenties, went with the transformation of the film, from a good sold by the metre (used mainly by public houses, music-halls, third-rate theatres, popular cafes) to a cultural object, praised as a means of a quality entertainement, morally unquestionable. This changing operated through the implementation and diffusion, under the joined pressure of the State, the professionals and the audience, of instruments of measurement of the cinematographic quality (censorhip certificate, film nationality, standard play, cinema performance, moral ratings, reviews, artistic and historical categories). It has been made possible by the progressive substitution of the talking movies market to the silent films market and by the national standardisation of the cinema entertainement which resulted from it.

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

Résumé Dans son journal de travail, Laurent Roth, cinéaste, scénariste, critique, s'interroge sur les liens qu'il tisse entre sa pratique de cinéaste familial et les films qu'il tourne pour le grand public, son rapport à l'archive amateur et les films des autres, ceux qui depuis près d'un demi-siècle avec le Farrebique de Georges Rouquier prennent la propre famille des réalisateurs comme objet et sujet du désir de cinéma. Est-ce parce que la famille est devenu l'objet perdu de l'Histoire qu'elle est devenue le sujet fétiche du cinéma documentaire ?

Résumé Le cinéma français peine à donner une représentation réaliste de la vie politique, et plus encore à donner à voir le travail d'un homme politique en action. Le cinéma américain, comme le montre à nouveau la série À la Maison-Blanche (The West Wing), est plus à l'aise pour construire des intrigues et des personnages dans un milieu professionnel comme celui des cercles du pouvoir. C'est pourquoi le film de Pierre Schoeller, L'exercice de l'État, retient l'attention par une approche du travail politique au ras de l'expérience.

Ce rapport de Josef Wutz cherche à dresser un état des lieux de la diffusion du cinéma européen en Europe et dans le monde entre 2002 et 2014. Pour cela, il prend en compte l'ensemble des acteurs de la chaîne du film : producteurs, distributeurs, exploitants, mais aussi éditeurs de vidéo et organismes publics d'aide au cinéma et s'attache plus spécifiquement à quatre pays : l'Allemagne, l'Espagne, la France et l'Italie. Valentin Pérez formule ensuite des recommandations visant à rendre plus visible le cinéma européen.
Quatre grandes tendances actuelles auxquelles le cinéma européen est aujourd'hui confronté peuvent constituer des défis considérables : un taux record de productions européennes malgré une stagnation des parts de marché, la numérisation des salles, la conservation de la diversité et de la qualité artistiques et l'arrivée de nouveaux modes de consommation de films européens.

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements thatshare a common goal : to define, establish and achieve political, economic, personal, andsocial equality of sexes. This includes seeking to establish educational and professionalopportunities for women that are equal to those for men.The feminine clearly outlines the basic questions haunting the topic of Nietzsche'sphilosophy. Some readers say Nietzsche is a misogynist, others, he writes with the handof woman.KEY WORDSFeminism, political movement, social movement, equality of sexes, Nietzsche, ; Le féminisme est un ensemble de mouvements et d'idées politiques, philosophiqueset sociales, qui partagent un but commun : définir, promouvoir et atteindre l'égalitépolitique, économique, culturelle, personnelle, sociale et juridique entre les hommes etles femmes. Le féminisme a donc pour objectif d'abolir, dans ces différents domaines,les inégalités homme-femme dont les femmes sont les principales victimes, et ainsi depromouvoir les droits des femmes dans la société civile et dans la vie privée.Chez Friedrich Nietzsche, la question du féminisme est centrale : d'aucuns le traitentde misogyne, d'autres de féministe. Ce présent article explore l'esthétique politique deNietzsche pour y découvrir la généalogie de la féminité.MOTS CLEFSFéminisme, politique, philosophie, éthique, esthétique, Nietzsche, misogyne,généalogie, femme