Suchergebnisse

The author of the article shows that conflicts attract the attention of representatives of various fields of knowledge (philosophy, sociology, conflict studies, psychology, history, political science, jurisprudence, military science, culturology, art, ethnology, pedagogy and etc.), in particular, in order to develop optimal ways to resolve them at various levels of deployment of conflict confrontation between different parties. Emphasizes that conflict should be considered as one of the types of social interaction. Its participants can be individuals, human groups, organizations, institutions, societies, countries, states and so on. Phenomena of conflicts, from ancient times to the present, in various artistic forms reflect the reality of a certain era and features of historical time. Artistic understanding of the phenomena of conflicts complements, strengthens and facilitates the scientific analysis of the problems of conflicts and the dynamics of their course. Analyzes the reasons that, since cinema is one of the most popular art forms of today, combining creativity and production, cinema itself can be actively involved in the processes of deconflict of Ukrainian society. Indicates the specifics of feature film: it affects the deep layers of consciousness, touches all the strings of the human soul and at the same time reflects the current problems of today; forces the viewer to identify with the characters of the film and actively include their ideals, principles, behavior and thinking in their real lives. He concludes that cinema, given its subject matter and plot, plays a significant role in shaping both aggressive and peaceful behavior of people, ie it can contribute to either increasing the level of conflict situations in society, or their leveling. Proves that in order to reduce the level of conflict in society, it is necessary to reduce the number of films that contain open displays of violence, bloody scenes and large-scale plans of terror; it is necessary to increase the number of high-quality Ukrainian films of patriotic orientation.

Lady Gaga as a postmodern cultural icon manipulating with images and symbols has created in her "performances" a kind of new "post"-postmodern feminism, in which she followed the line of feminine anarchists – in politics, arts and culture. "Gaga ideology", which in fact "embraces a void", nowadays is vividly presented across alternative forms of popular culture with the subsequent great impact on the generation of millennials.

The article provides an analysis of the development of Ukrainian historical cinema at the beginning of the XXI century through the prism of genre formation in the latest socio-economic and political conditions. The definition of historical cinema, its main features, the problem of identical reflection of real events in feature films are considered.The author summarizes and complements the definition of historical cinema as a genre of cinematography, defines its main features. A historical feature film has its own characteristics and one of the main is that it should not reflect the events of the past or present with full historical documentation, while maintaining the so-called «spirit of the era» through costumes, locations, props, language. The task of this genre is to show the heroes, or the hero against the background of the era, historical events through the worldview of individuals, which may be both real, and the result of director's imagination. A feature historical film looks like a work on a historical theme, in which there are real and fictional characters, the latter can be the main characters, and the real - supporting. This work is full not so much of attempts to screen events on the documentary basis, as to reconstruct certain historical events on the basis of documents, but with an author's-director's viewing.The article describes Ukrainian films based on historical events, considers the problem of reliability of historical processes reflected in Ukrainian cinema, the peculiarities of the formation of the image of a hero. Historical films are an indispensable element in the process of national-patriotic education, a reflection of historical events that have long been silenced by official historical science in Soviet times, a means of forming national identity and historical memory.

The title of my presentation, besides being a play on the title of the Coen brothers film, makes it clear that Italy is not exactly the most hospitable environment when it comes to the popularity of arbitration. It is true that statistical data, when available, concern essentially institutional arbitration (the empirical data are not really updated. The only comprehensive survey of ADR in Italy concerns 2016; in that year the total number of arbitration procedures carried out by private and public institutions was 708 (784 in 2015) and can be considered misleading, at least to a certain degree, since nothing is officially known of the phenomenon of ad hoc arbitration, which, apparently, is very popular but escapes survey. In any event, my purpose here is to sketch out some of the reasons why arbitration is still an elitist method for resolving disputes, in general – as we will see – commercial disputes.

The article is devoted to one of the most important problems of national self-affirmation of Ukrainians in the modern world - the problem of restoration / purification and completion of historical memory. The author shows that the Soviet and current Russian authorities created and constantly developed mechanisms for planting socio-historical mythology with the help of a powerful propaganda machine and repressive apparatus. This mythology replaced real historical memory, putting in its place false historical memory. This was especially true of the so-called "National republics" of the USSR, which were planted not only totalitarian but also colonial social mythology. This mythology is one of the effective tools of Russia's "hybrid war" against Ukraine and against all democracies in the post-Soviet space.
The author outlines the development of theoretical ideas about historical (social) memory during the XX-XXI centuries. The article outlines the main conceptual models of such memory, which were created by Western researchers. A critical analysis of these concepts shows that they do not take into account the consequences of the totalitarian distortion of such memory and in fact equate the impact on historical memory carried out in modern democratic and totalitarian and neo-totalitarian societies. The author points out the need to distinguish between such influences and refers to those Ukrainian thinkers who in the 1960s and 1970s spoke about the specifics of totalitarian propaganda and political practice in the formation of false historical memory.
The conclusion of the article is that it is necessary to displace the socio-historical mythology of classical totalitarianism and its latest Russian forms, deconstruction and destruction of the false historical memory created by all totalitarian regimes of the past and present. The question of effective methods and forms of building and rebuilding historical memory is worth discussing.

The topic of effective dispute resolution has been explored, as various conflicts are an integral part of public life or, as scholars rightly point out, conflicts are inevitable. The approaches used to resolve them are diverse and characterize the evolution of justice – from traditional litigation to modern alternative conciliation procedures and the so-called "conflict management", which helps not only to resolve disputes but also to maintain normal and productive relations between its participants in future. Alternative dispute resolution can be seen as a reaction to the significant increase in the number of appeals to court, the increase in court costs and the increase in court hearings, which inevitably accompany this form of protection of rights during the twentieth century. The first studies ~ 64 ~ ВІСНИК Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка ISSN 1728-3817 of alternative dispute resolution procedures can be found in the 1940s, but the interest of researchers increased significantly in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the implementation of the concept of out-of-court protection in many countries, but not to dispute resolution. The basic modern approach to dispute resolution is characterized as a constructive dialogue for finding a compromise by any means, based on the vision of conflict as an integral and inevitable phenomenon that accompanies the dynamics of human relations. A change in the perception of the conflict should lead to a change in the established tools for their settlement into a comprehensive system that allows not so much to resolve it as to control, thus endowing it with constructive features that generally contribute to the development of productive relations. Accordingly, referring to our chosen epigraph, the vision of disputes as a basis for battle will grow into an awareness of their usefulness, if they are settled and controlled by experts.

The historical role of elite (elites) in formation of the public ecological consciousness and in solving of environmental problems from the beginning of industrial revolution of 16-17 centuries in England which resulted in drastic impacts on the environment until our days are considered in the article. It was discovered the evolution of the environmental concerns from the worry of the elites about nature to the modern global mass movement. The first concern of elites over the human impacts on nature and over the loss of harmony between man and nature is related to the time of Romanticism. It was articulated in the most expressive form in the English Romanticism (Percy Bashi Shelley, William Blake, George Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, John Clare) and in the German Romanticism (Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Novalis). The concern of the public elites (writers, scientists-naturalists, public figures, artists) of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries over the state of the environment, natural resources depletion, species extinction and over the decline of the natural and cultural heritage in total due to rapid industrialization and urbanization created the preconditions for the modern ecologim. During that period nature is still considered as a source of harmony and stability which is able to resist to destructive power of industrial civilization, which rapidly transforms the environment. Particular features of development of the European movement for nature protection were shaped by the national, cultural, economic and political peculiarities of the countries of the Western Europe, as well as by dominating social moral and aesthetic values of particular country. The joint result of the activities of the broad spectrum of environmental organizations and groups was the adoption of legislative acts aimed at natural-cultural heritage protection of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries in a number of European countries. This created favorable conditions for networking the European environmental movement and for internationalization of its activities and for forming the first phase of the environmental mobilization of the society, initiated by the public elites of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the Second World War the broad strata of population in the Western Europe and the North America were involved in the environmental movement. At the same time this movement was split in two principal branches, namely: the nature conservation movement and the movement which considers the quality and safety of human environment as a part of human rights in a democratic society. From 1960s there are two relatively autonomous main branches of the public movement, which, however, closely interact with each other. The formation of the second phase of environmentalism is related to the penetration of the ideas of environmental protection in all spheres of social and political life during 1960s-1970s («Silent Spring», the Club of Rome) and celebration of the Earths Day in April of the year 1970. Thus, the elitist movement for nature protection was transformed into the mass movement for human rights to live in the save environment. In spite of the environmental movement has gone the way from concerns of the elites over the growth of industrialization, urbanization and negative environmental impacts of economic growth and, consequently, overconsumption to the mass movement of thousands and millions of people, the elites still continue to play a significant role in it.