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An exploration of consequences of recent measures of "feminization" in the French armed forces, where conscription remains limited to males (Ms), & females (Fs) participate as a minority. Data obtained via interview & questionnaire from platoon conscripts & leaders (total N = 48) reveal several consequences including changes in the relations between the armed forces & the nation: the masculinity of conscription, which has already lost legitimacy due to global changes, is becoming less & less justified because of new military functions assigned to women. In a parallel fashion, the image of military service as a means of initiation is falling into disuse. Another internal consequence is the success of certain females in the ranks due to a charismatic type of authority, though the military institution, whose model still applies to male enlistees, has difficulty recognizing this phenomenon. Adapted from the source document.

(Originally published in Monthly Review, 1969, Sept.) It is argued that present economic conditions in capitalist as well as in socialist societies prohibit women's liberation in terms of full integration into the work force. Basic prerequisites for this integration include publicly provided child care & assistance with household duties in order to help fulfill family needs traditionally met by the mother. It is concluded that the achievement of economic & social liberation for women will require revolutionary changes in both capitalist & socialist societies. 10 References. A. Machold

Using the recent literature in which feminist theorists develop an emerging feminist epistemology, a series of seven themes are explored that provide a new understanding of the world & a new definition of understanding, itself. (1) Dynamic objectivity, in which subjective experience is used toward developing a more effective objectivity, replaces the futile quest for "pure" objectivity. (2) A new materialism posits personal experience as the basis of all knowledge. (3) Science is seen in its historical context. (4) The reflexive nature of feminist inquiry is implied by its commitment to uncover theoretical background beliefs. (5) The human sciences replace physics as the paradigmatic model for all science. (6) Nature is treated as dynamic & complex, rather than as an object of manipulation & control. (7) A feminist successor science produces widely accessible knowledge that is intended to be emancipatory. A. Waters