Suchergebnisse

Die früher dominierende Direktvermarktung von Lebensmitteln erfährt nach Jahrzehnten der zunehmenden Bedeutungslosigkeit in jüngster Zeit wieder erhöhten Zuspruch, wodurch sich der zusätzliche Bedarf wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen erklärt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung bietet dabei anwendungsbezogene Ergebnisse über Situation, Rahmenbedingungen und Marketingmanagement der landwirtschaftlichen Milch-Direktvermarktung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, einen grundlegenden Einblick in die landwirtschaftliche Milch-Direktvermarktung zu vermitteln, sowie als zentrales Anliegen den Entwicklungsstand der Milch-Direktvermarktung am Standort Mecklenburg-Vorpommern festzustellen und geeignete Möglichkeiten der Milch-Direktvermarktung aufzuzeigen. Der Autor erlangte neben aktualisierten Literaturergebnissen durch Gespräche mit aktiven Milch-Direktverkäufern in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern mittels Fragebogen qualitative Einblicke in die gegenwärtige Praxis. Die veränderten Anforderungen, denen sich Direktvermarkter in der heutigen Zeit stellen müssen, kristallisieren sich durch die anschließende Diskussion unter Anwendung des Benchmarkings mit Best-Practice-Beispielen Handlungsempfehlungen heraus. Das Werk stellt somit eine einzigartige Marketinghilfe mit regionaler Bezugnahme am Beispiel Milch dar, welche aber auch auf die überregionale Ebene sowie auf andere Agrarprodukte übertragen werden kann. Es stellt eine Orientierungshilfe für (Milch-) Direktvermarkter oder Interessierte dar und soll somit einen möglichen Beitrag zur Optimierung und Professionalisierung der landwirtschaftlichen (Milch-) Direktvermarktung leisten.

This article is a contribution to the debate on the role and character of women's organizations in Eastern Europe after 1945, including the role they played in the process of women's emancipation. The purpose of the article is to offer insight into the relation between the communist party (that is the PPR and its successor – the PZPR) and the women's movement in Poland in the years 1945–89 and to provide a new interpretation of the movement's history under state socialism. I contend that women's organizations should be viewed as part of the communist system and the roles they played should be understood in the context of the policies pursued by the communist states. ; p. 7-37 : il. ; This article is a contribution to the debate on the role and character of women's organizations in Eastern Europe after 1945, including the role they played in the process of women's emancipation. The purpose of the article is to offer insight into the relation between the communist party (that is the PPR and its successor – the PZPR) and the women's movement in Poland in the years 1945–89 and to provide a new interpretation of the movement's history under state socialism. I contend that women's organizations should be viewed as part of the communist system and the roles they played should be understood in the context of the policies pursued by the communist states. ; s. 7-37 : il.

The article deals with correspondence between the Polish independence party headed by Adam Czartoryski and imam Shamil and his naibs. The main source base I relied on was archival documents now held at the Czartoryski Princes Library in Kraków, as well as the memoirs of Michał Czajkowski, who was Czartoryski's agent in Istanbul in the 1840s. ; Continues: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej ; p. 47-62 ; Artykuł dotyczy korespondencji pomiędzy polskim obozem niepodległościowym, na czele którego stał Adam Czartoryski, a imamem Szamilem i jego naibami. Główną bazę źródłową, na której się oparłem, stanowią dokumenty archiwalne, przechowywane obecnie w Bibliotece Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie, a także wspomnienia Michała Czajkowskiego, który w latach 40. XIX w. był agentem A. Czartoryskiego w Stambule. ; Czasop. kontynuuje numerację wydaw. pt.: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej ; s. 47-62

Historians dealing with the period of the early Middle Ages do not hold a high opinion of Gesalic, the king of the Visigoths. Gesalic is blamed for the defeats they suffered in the war against the Franks and the Burgundians in 507/08–11. Modern historians' opinions are based mainly on the work of Isidore of Seville who described Gesalic as a coward and a ruler deprived of luck (felicitas). In this article I argue that to pass an accurate judgment on the king it is necessary to take into account the real politico-military situation of the Visigothic kingdom in the years 508–11. ; p. 7-37 ; Historians dealing with the period of the early Middle Ages do not hold a high opinion of Gesalic, the king of the Visigoths. Gesalic is blamed for the defeats they suffered in the war against the Franks and the Burgundians in 507/08–11. Modern historians' opinions are based mainly on the work of Isidore of Seville who described Gesalic as a coward and a ruler deprived of luck (felicitas). In this article I argue that to pass an accurate judgment on the king it is necessary to take into account the real politico-military situation of the Visigothic kingdom in the years 508–11. ; s. 7-37

The article presents documents from the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London about the Caucasus during the Second World War. The presented material can be of interest to those exploring the history of the Polish Army in the USSR. It can be concluded that the Caucasus in the minds of Polish policymakers was to be a transitional stage in the process of bringing Polish troops out of the Soviet command and under the command of the British. ; p. 137-156 ; Summary in Polish and English. ; Artykuł prezentuje dokumenty przechowywane w Instytucie Polskim i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie dotyczące Kaukazu w czasach II wojny światowej. Materiał ten niewątpliwie zainteresuje badaczy zajmujących się dziejami Armii Polskiej w ZSRR. Nasuwa się wniosek, że Kaukaz dla polskich polityków był etapem przejściowym w procesie przechodzenia wojska polskiego spod dowództwa sowieckiego pod brytyjskie. ; s. 137-156 ; Streszcz. pol., ang.

The article presents documents pertaining to the construction of a Catholic church at Ussuriysk, kept in the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East in Vladivostok. The documents span the period between 1912 and 1921. They reveal that the Municipal Duma of Ussuriysk was in favour of the construction of a Catholic church in the town; this could be concluded from the fact that they gave free of charge a lot of land to the community of Catholics for that purpose. But the church was built on the lot belonging to a local entrepreneur, a certain Feliks Steckiewicz, for it was more suited to the needs of the Catholics due to its central location in the town. Initially Steckiewicz declared his intention to give the land to the Catholic parish. And because he was held in high esteem by the local community, he was put at the lead of a committee for the construction of the church. This made it possible for him to spent money collected by the faithful without any control. A conflict within the committee started when its members demanded financial reports. Steckiewicz never presented a financial statement; in addition, he withdrew his donation of land and demanded that the Catholic parish paid him for the church building constructed on his lot.Archival documents disprove the thesis, popular in the literature on the subject, that Steckiewicz's actions were motivated by his fear of a growing strength of the Bolsheviks in Primorsky Krai and a possibility of nationalisation. The reasons for his actions were more mundane – his character that made it impossible for him to reach an agreement with the committee, and financial matters. This seems all the more probable in the light of testimonies of witnesses in court. They emphasised that Steckiewicz withdrew his donation of land to the church only after the committee requested financial reports and tallies of his expenses. It seems, therefore, that the local Polish community quarrelled not for political reasons, but financial matters related to the construction of a church. ; p. 33-53 ; Summary in Polish, English and Russian ; Continues: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej ; The article presents documents pertaining to the construction of a Catholic church at Ussuriysk, kept in the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East in Vladivostok. The documents span the period between 1912 and 1921. They reveal that the Municipal Duma of Ussuriysk was in favour of the construction of a Catholic church in the town; this could be concluded from the fact that they gave free of charge a lot of land to the community of Catholics for that purpose. But the church was built on the lot belonging to a local entrepreneur, a certain Feliks Steckiewicz, for it was more suited to the needs of the Catholics due to its central location in the town. Initially Steckiewicz declared his intention to give the land to the Catholic parish. And because he was held in high esteem by the local community, he was put at the lead of a committee for the construction of the church. This made it possible for him to spent money collected by the faithful without any control. A conflict within the committee started when its members demanded financial reports. Steckiewicz never presented a financial statement; in addition, he withdrew his donation of land and demanded that the Catholic parish paid him for the church building constructed on his lot.Archival documents disprove the thesis, popular in the literature on the subject, that Steckiewicz's actions were motivated by his fear of a growing strength of the Bolsheviks in Primorsky Krai and a possibility of nationalisation. The reasons for his actions were more mundane – his character that made it impossible for him to reach an agreement with the committee, and financial matters. This seems all the more probable in the light of testimonies of witnesses in court. They emphasised that Steckiewicz withdrew his donation of land to the church only after the committee requested financial reports and tallies of his expenses. It seems, therefore, that the local Polish community quarrelled not for political reasons, but financial matters related to the construction of a church. ; s. 33-53 ; Streszcz. pol., ang., ros. ; Czasop. kontynuuje numerację wydaw. pt.: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej

When Augustus II the Strong (1670–1733) converted from the Protestant to the Catholic confession, he guaranteed his subjects – all Lutheran – the free exercise of their religion and belief. He also respected their wish not to allow the 'new' old confession emerge too overtly in the motherland of Martin Luther and the Reformation. Consequently, the Catholic chapels he built during his reign in Saxony were constructed in private in order to assure the peaceful co-existence of the confessions. What may appear to be a tolerant religious policy was in fact almost the contrary: This article will briefly illuminate the historical and political background of Augustus' decisions, while the main focus will be to examine the newly installed Catholic court chapels. ; p. 93-120 : ill. ; 23 cm ; When Augustus II the Strong (1670–1733) converted from the Protestant to the Catholic confession, he guaranteed his subjects – all Lutheran – the free exercise of their religion and belief. He also respected their wish not to allow the 'new' old confession emerge too overtly in the motherland of Martin Luther and the Reformation. Consequently, the Catholic chapels he built during his reign in Saxony were constructed in private in order to assure the peaceful co-existence of the confessions. What may appear to be a tolerant religious policy was in fact almost the contrary: This article will briefly illuminate the historical and political background of Augustus' decisions, while the main focus will be to examine the newly installed Catholic court chapels. ; s. 93-120 : ill. ; 23 cm

Aus der Einleitung: 1.1, Problemstellung: Der Direktabsatz der Landwirte von Lebensmitteln an den Konsumenten war früher wesentlich stärker verbreitet, ja sogar fast gang und gäbe. Erst mit Beginn der Industrialisierung und der raschen ökonomischen und technischen Entwicklung, bei steigenden An-sprüchen der Konsumenten an die Aufbereitung der Nahrungsmittel wurden die Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungsfunktionen immer stärker aus dem landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb ausgegliedert und von dem nachgelagerten Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungssektor übernommen (KUHNERT et. al., 1990 S. 1). Mit Folge eines bedeutenden Rückgangs an betriebsinternen Wertschöpfungspotentialen (ZENNER 2004, S. 9). Auch in der Milchproduktion entspricht heute der vertragliche Absatz der erzeugten Milch an Molkereien der dominierenden Vermarktungsform. Erst seit den 80er Jahren steigt das Interesse an dieser traditionellen Vermarktungsform, bedingt durch die schwierige Erlössituation der Landwirtschaft einerseits und ein sich wandelndes Verbraucherbewusstsein andererseits, bei Landwirten und Verbrauchern wieder an (vgl. WIRTHGEN MAURER 2000, S. 5). Die Konzentrations-, Nivellierungs- und Globalisierungstendenzen im Lebensmittel-sektor in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten, führten zu zunehmenden Entfremdungsprozessen der Konsumenten von der Lebensmittelerzeugung und -verarbeitung, wodurch im Marktgeschehen von Lebensmitteln Aspekte, wie Regionalität, Frische, Gesundheit oder hohe Qualität und Genußwert eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle spielen (vgl. DORANDT 2004, S. 1). Das wachsende Interesse der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher an Produkteigenschaften wie diese, spricht für gute Einstiegschancen in die Branche, welche durch das vorhandene Nischendasein der landwirtschaftlichen Direktvermarktung noch unterstützt werden. Die landwirtschaftliche Direktvermarktung von Milch kann für einen milcherzeugenden Betrieb auch durchaus eine interessante Vermarktungsform der eigenen Produktion darstellen, da sich durch den Wegfall von Handelsbrücken die Wertschöpfung erhöhen lässt. Durch Verkürzung des Vertriebskanals und der Übernahme der Bereiche Produktion und Vertrieb wachsen aber gleichzeitig auch die unternehmerischen Herausforderungen, wodurch sich die Frage stellt ob durch die Wiederaufnahme der Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungsfunktion ein Beitrag zur Einkommenssicherung geleistet werden kann (vgl. KUHNERT et. al. 1990, S. 1). [...