Suchergebnisse

Books reviewed in this article: Anthropology & history Barker, Francis, Peter Hulme & Margaret Iversen (eds), Cannibalism and the colonial worldHezel, Francis X. The new shape of old island culture: a half century of social change in MicronesiaHorton, Mark & John Middleton, The Swahili: the social landscape of a mercantile societyOdner, Knut, Tradition and transmission: Bantu, Indo–European and Circumpolar great traditionsPoyer, Lin, Suzanne Falgout & Laurence Carucci, The typhoon of war: Micronesian experiences of the Pacific warSilverman, Marilyn, An Irish working class: explorations in political economy and hegemony, 1800–1950 Archaeology Bradley, Richard, An archaeology of natural placesChapman, John, Fragmentation in archaeology: people, places and broken objects in the prehistory of south eastern EuropeDietler, Michael & Brian Hayden (eds), Feasts: archaeological and ethnographic perspectives on food, politics, and powerFeinman, Gary & Linda Manzanilla (eds), Cultural evolution: contemporary viewpointsInsoll, Timothy (ed.), Archaeology and world religionStuart, David E., Anasazi America: seventeen centuries on the road from Center Place Gender Baylies, Carolyn & Janet Bujra, AIDS, sexuality and gender in Africa: collective strategies and struggles in Tanzania and ZambiaCraske, Nikki & Maxine Molyneux (eds), Gender and the politics of rights and democracy in Latin AmericaJoyce, Rosemary A., Gender and power in prehispanic MesoamericaWashabaugh, William (ed.), The passion of music and dance: body, gender and sexuality Medical Anthropology Furth, Charlotte, A flourishing yin: gender in China's medical history, 960–1665Hsu, Elisabeth, The transmission of Chinese medicineJacobsen, Frode F., Theories of sickness and misfortune amongst the Hadandowa Beja: narratives as points of entry into Beja cultural knowledgeNisula, Tapio, Everyday spirits and medical interventions: ethnographic and historical notes on therapeutic conventions in Zanzibar Town Social Anthropology Dei, Kojo A., Ties that bind: youth and drugs in a black communityHarrell Stevan (ed.), Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest ChinaHelliwell, Christine, Never stand alone: a study of Borneo socialityHockings, Paul, Kindreds of the earth: Badaga household structure and demographyHollos, Marida, Scandal in a small town: understanding modern Hungary through the stories of three familiesSkultans, Vieda, The testimony of lives: narrative and memory in post–Soviet LatviaJuillerat, Bernard, Children of the blood: society, reproduction and cosmology in New GuineaMyers, Fred R. (ed.), The empire of things: regimes of value and material culturePradelles de Latour, Charles–Henry, Incroyance et paternitésRavis–Giordani, Georges (ed.). Amitiés: anthropologie et histoireSilverman, Eric Kline, Masculinity, motherhood and mockery: psychoanalyzing culture and the Iatmul Naven rite in New GuineaYounger, Paul, Playing host to deity: festival religion in the South Indian tradition The body Brodwin, Paul. E. (ed.). Biotechnology and culture: bodies, anxieties, ethicsCollingham, E.M. Imperial bodies: the physical experience of the Raj c.1800–1947Rautman, Alison E. (ed.). Reading the body: representations and remains in the archaeological record Theory Eriksen, Thomas Hylland & Finn Sivert Nielsen. A history of anthropologyLong, Norman. Development sociology: actor perspectivesMulvaney, John, Howard Morphy & Alison Petch (eds). My dear Spencer: the letters of F. J. Gillen to Baldwin SpencerPatterson, Thomas C. A social history of anthropology in the United StatesRoughley, Neil (ed.). Being humans: anthropological universality and particularity in transdisciplinary perspectivesRunciman, W.G. (ed.). The origin of human social institutionsSalzman, Philip Carl. Understanding culture: an introduction to anthropological theorySassi, Maria Michela (transl. Paul Tucker). The science of man in ancient GreeceScott, Joan W. & Debra Keates (eds). Schools of thought: twenty–five years of interpretive social scienceStocking, George W. Jr. Delimiting anthropology: occasional inquiries and reflections

Probably the most widely read work of sociology in the United States during the past century was The Lonely Crowd, a nearly 400‐page study by David Riesman, written, according to the first edition, in collaboration with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer. The book appeared in 1950, published by Yale University Press. The initial print run was 3,000; an abridged edition came out as a paperback in 1953 as a Doubleday Anchor Book. It eventually sold more than 1.4 million copies. (The book is still in print in a Yale University Press paperback edition.) Its intriguing title no doubt contributed to this phenomenal popularity, as did its readable and often informal style and its use of a time‐honored mode of social commentary, offering a statistics‐free exposition of the argument. The book bears no resemblance to what now passes for scientific analysis in sociology, but draws instead on erudition, historical learning, and personal observation and insight. But most of all, the explanation for the book's success is that Riesman's searching and sharp‐eyed examination of social trends in modern industrial society responded to a felt need for self‐examination in midcentury America. Actually, the title of the book was an add‐on; it does not appear in the text itself. The subtitle is more informative: A Study of the Changing American Character.Riesman defined "social character" as "the patterned uniformities of learned response that distinguish men of different regions, eras, and groups." Making such distinctions imposes the need for a suitable categorization of historical stages with which a typology of social character can be persuasively associated. Riesman's chosen criterion for classifying societies and identifying such stages was demographic. His discussion sought to describe "possible relationships between the population growth of a society and the historical sequence of character types" and, specifically, to "explore the correlations between the conformity demands put on people in a society and the broadest of the social indexes that connect men with their environment—the demographic indexes." In doing so, Riesman adopted the dassificatory scheme of classic demographic transition theory. Drawing on Frank Notestein's work, he distinguished three demographic phases: "high growth potential,""transitional growth," and "incipient population decline." The three dominant social character types identified by Riesman, tracing a historical, although of course overlapping sequence, were "tradition‐directed,""inner‐directed," and "other‐directed": they correspond to, indeed reflect, the three phases of population growth and its associated demographic‐structural characteristics.The excerpt reproduced below is from Chapter I ("Some types and character of society") of the first edition of the book (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950). It provides a concise presentation of the study's conceptual scheme and of the argument seeking to validate it. (The 1953 paperback edition amplifies footnote 1 in the excerpt as follows: "The terminology used here is that of Frank W. Notestein. See his 'Population—The Long View,' in Food for the World, edited by Theodore W. Schultz (University of Chicago Press, 1945).").David Riesman was born on 22 September 1909. His original field of study was law; his career as a lawyer included clerking for Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis. Between 1946 and 1958 he was on the faculty of social sciences at the University of Chicago and after that, until his retirement, he served as professor of sociology at Harvard University. He died 10 May 2002.

Burke, Mike, Colin Mooers and John Shields, eds. Restructuring
and
Resistance: Canadian Public Policy in an Age of Global
Capitalism.
By Grace Skogstad 17Bastien,
Frédéric. Relations particulières — La France
face au Québec
après de Gaulle. Par Christine Bout De
L'An 178Nancoo, Stephen E., ed. 21st Century Canadian
Diversity. By Jean E.
Havel 180Lefebvre, Jean-Paul. Qui
profiterait de l'indépendance du Québec? Par
Nemer H. N.
Ramadan 181Cashore, Benjamin, George Hoberg, Michael Howlett,
Jeremy
Rayner and Jeremy Wilson. In Search of Sustainability:
British
Columbia Forest Policy in the 1990s. By Lori Poloni-Staudinger
182Dahl, Jens, Jack Hicks and Peter Jull, eds. Nunavut: Inuit
Regain Control
of Their Lands and Their Lives. By Gurston Dacks
183Kernaghan, Kenneth, Brian Marson and Sandford Borins. The
New
Public Organization. By Geoffrey Hale 185Bélanger,
Yves, Robert Comeau, François Desrochers et
Céline
Métivier, sous la direction de. La CUM et la
région métropolitaine :
l'avenir d'une communauté.
Par Martin Éthier 187Moon, Richard. The Constitutional
Protection of Freedom of Expression.
By Stephen L. Newman
189Brady, David W., John F. Cogan and Morris P. Fiorina, eds.
Continuity
and Change in House Elections. By L. Sandy Maisel
191Preston, Thomas. The President and His Inner Circle:
Leadership Style
and the Advisory Process in Foreign Affairs. By Chris
Dolan 192Waddell, Brian. The War against the New Deal: World
War II and American
Democracy. By Bruce Miroff 194Smith, Mark
A. American Business and Political Power: Public Opinion,
Elections,
and Democracy. By Marie Hojnacki 195Connelly, James and Graham
Smith. Politics and the Environment: From
Theory to Practice. By Inger
Weibust 197McGann, James G. and R. Kent Weaver, eds. Think
Tanks and Civil
Societies: Catalysts for Ideas and Action. By Andrew
Rich 198Nobles, Melissa. Shades of Citizenship: Race and the
Census in Modern Politics. By Kim Williams 200Alonso, Paula.
Between Revolution and the Ballot Box: The Origins of the
Argentine
Radical Party. By Viviana Patroni 201Lizée, Pierre P.
Peace, Power and Resistance in Cambodia: Global Governance
and the
Failure of International Conflict Resolution; and Peou,
Sorpong.
Intervention and Change in Cambodia: Towards Democracy?
By Irene V.
Langran 203Marples, David R. Belarus: A Denationalized Nation.
By Alexander
Danilovich 206Beiner, Ronald and Wayne Norman,
eds. Canadian Political Philosophy:
Contemporary Reflections. By Bernard Yack 208Dworkin, Ronald. Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of
Equality.
By Colin M. Macleod 210Hurka, Thomas. Virtue, Vice, and Value. By Jason Kawall 212Morris, Martin. Rethinking the Communicative Turn: Adorno, Habermas,
and the Problem of Communicative Freedom. By Andollah Payrow
Shabani 214O'Sullivan, Noel, ed. Political Theory in Transition. By Cillian Mcbride
215Plant, Raymond. Politics, Theology and History. By James E. Crimmins
217Rynard, Paul and David Shugarman, eds. Cruelty and Deception: The
Controversy over Dirty Hands in Politics. By Stewart Hyson 218Sassoon, Anne Showstack. Gramsci and Contemporary Politics: Beyond
Pessimism of the Intellect. By Shane Gunster 220Wallach, John R. The Platonic Political Art: A Study of Critical Reason
and Democracy. By Gregory Bruce Smith 222Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Empire. By Charles Tilly 224Holden, Barry, ed. Global Democracy: Key Debates. By Kok-Chor
Tan 225Boniface, Pascal, sous la direction de. Morale et relations
internationales.
Par Marie-France Loranger 227Jackson, Robert H. The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of
States. By Roger Epp 229

Dev, S. Mahendra; Anthony, Piush; Gayathri V., y Mamgain, R.P. (directores). Social and economic security in India.Libros recientes Andersen, Jørgen Goul, y Jensen, Per H. (directores). Changing labour markets, welfare policies and citizenship.Brunet, Thierry, y Vinogradoff, Gabriel. Dictionnaire de l'emploi et des ressources humaines.Ishikawa, Tsuneo. Income and wealth.Lindberg, Anna. Experience and identity: A historical account of class, caste and gender among the cashew workers of Kerala, 1930–2000.Morris, Patricia T. (directora). Stories of equitable development: Innovative practices from Africa.Soziaal Economische Raad (SER). Corporate social responsibility: A Dutch approach.Sweetman, Carline (directora). Gender, development and moneyNuevas publicaciones de la OIT: Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo, 90.a reunión, Informe I(B): Un futuro sin trabajo infantil. Informe global con arreglo al seguimiento de la Declaratión de la OIT relativa a los principios y derechos fundamentales en el trabajoConferencia Internacional del Trabajo, 90.a reunión, 2002. Informe III (Parte 1 A): Informe de la Comisión de Expertos en Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones. Informe general y observaciones acerca de ciertos países.Informe III (Parte IB): Trabajo portuario. Repercusiones de los nuevos métodos de manipulatión de cargas. Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo. Octogésima novena reunión. Ginebra, 2001. A guide to worker displacement: Some tools for reducing their impact on workers, communities and enterprises. Por Gary B. Hansen. Action against sexual harassment at work in Asia and the Pacific. Por NelienHaspels, Zaitun Mohamed Kasim, Constance Thomas, y Deirdre McCann. Care work: The quest for security. Obra dirigida por Mary Daly. Children at work: Health and safety risks. Por Valentina Forastieri. Segunda edición. Codes of conduct and multinational enterprises. De la informalidad a la modernidad. Obra dirigida por Víctor E. Tokman. El fomento de buenas relaciones laborales en la producción de petróleo y gas y en las refinerías de petróleo. Formatión para el Trabajo Decente. Guía práctica de la libertad sindical. Normas, principios y procedimientos de la Organizatión Internacional del Trabajo. Indicadores Claves del Mercado de Trabajo (ICMT) 2001–2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001–2002. La Reforma Laboral en America Latina. Un análisis comparado. Obra dirigida por María Luz Vega Ruiz. Las normas internacionales del trabajo. Un enfoque global. 75.° aniversario de la Comisión de Expertos en Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones. Las Normas Laborales y el Proceso de Integratión en las Américas. Labour Standards and the Integration Process in the Americas. Por Adolfo Ciudad Reynaud. Micro‐assurance santé. Guide d'introduction aux mutuelles de santé en Afrique. Programa sobre E strategias y Técnicas contra la Exclusión Social y la Pobreza (STEP) de la OIT. Organized labour in the 21st century. Obra dirigida por A.V. Jose. Reestructuración de la aviación civil: consecuencias para la directión y el personal. Documento de referencia. Programa de Actividades Sectoriales de la OIT. Documento de reflexión para la discusión en la Reunión tripartite sobre la aviación civil: consecuencias sociales y en materia de seguridad de la crisis posterior al 11 de septiembre de 2001. Programa de Actividades Sectoriales de la OIT. Reforma de las jubilaciones y concertación social. Reino Unido, Estados Unidos, Alemania, Japón, Suecia, Italia, España. Dirigido por Emmanuel Reynaud.

This paper first addresses some events about casual relations of aborigines with oil clue findings in the Colombian territories during the Spanish conquest and colony. Then it summarizes the official history of the petroleum activity in Colombia -started in the early years of the XXth Century- and points some of the social and environmental impacts of exploration and exploitation on the peoples and cultures inhabiting the major oil areas of the country, such as extinction, loss of territories, margination and poverty.The previous outline serves as an introduction to analyze the conflict provoked by the exploration of the Samore Block between the US multinational company Occidental de Colombia, OXY, associated with the government owned Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos, ECOPETROL, and the indigenous U'wa community, that considers oil extraction to be against its ancient beliefs. The Samore Block is the most promising oil prospect and Colombia relies on it to maintain its hydrocarbon self-sufficiency. To OXY it could represent the discovery of 1400 Million barrels of crude and to the region more than 500 million dollars in royalties. It is therefore clear the collision between the oil company's and the local government's economic development ideas and what the indigenous culture understands as development.The difficulty to conciliate the different outlooks and cosmovisions of this conflict's protagonists, necessarily leads us to think about the role of industries and ethnic minorities in the frame of the 1991 Colombian Political Constitution, the actual meaning of terms like: sovereignty, resources ownership, Nation, State, multiethnic and multicultural. ; Luego de citar y comentar algunos acontecimientos sobre las relaciones casuales de los aborígenes con el descubrimiento de indicios de petróleo en territorio colombiano durante la conquista española y la época colonial, se presenta una síntesis de la historia oficial de la actividad petrolera en Colombia, que se inicia en los primeros años del siglo XX, señalando de forma muy general algunos efectos socioambientales de tal actividad en los pueblos y culturas indígenas existentes en las principales áreas de exploración y explotación petrolera del país, como su extinción en algunos casos, pérdida de territorios, marginalidad y pobreza.La reseña anterior sirve como preámbulo al análisis del conflicto generado por la exploración del bloque Samoré entre la empresa multinacional estadounidense, Occidental de Colombia, OXY, asociada de la Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, Ecopetrol, y la comunidad indígena U'wa, que considera que la extracción de petróleo va en contra de sus creencias ancestrales. El bloque Samoré es el proyecto más prometedor con que cuenta el país para conservar su autosuficiencia en materia de hidrocarburos, para la OXY podría significar el hallazgo de 1400 millones de barriles de crudo, y para la región cerca de billón y medio de pesos por concepto de regalías. Es evidente entonces el choque entre la idea de progreso económico de la empresa petrolera y el Gobierno nacional, y la concepción que al respecto impera en la cultura indígena.La dificultad de conciliar las diferentes perspectivas y cosmovisiones de los protagonistas de este conflicto, necesariamente conduce a una interesante reflexión sobre el papel de las compañías y de las minorías étnicas en el marco de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 y sobre el significado de algunos de sus preceptos, tales como: soberanía, propiedad de los recursos, nación, Estado, multietnicidad y pluriculturalidad.

Bu tezin amacı, ETA terörizminin siyasallaşmasının Bask bağımsızlık sorunu üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bask sorunu yaklaşık bir asırlık bir geçmişe sahip olduğundan dolayı, siyasallaşma sorunu hakkında yapılan tartışmalara ışık tutabilecek pek çok periyodu içermektedir.Bunun yanında, Bask meselesi hakim merkezi devlet ile etnik bir azınlık arasındaki siyasi etkileşimleri irdeleyen bir örnek olarak kabul edilebilir. Bask toplumu, siyasi grupları, terör örgütü, Bask kilisesi, Bask burjuva sınıfı, işçi sınıfı vb. sosyal katmanları ile çok yönlü, karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bask toplumunun bu birbirinden ayrı değişik sosyal kesimlerinin çözüm girişimlerine dahil olmaları meseleyi daha da komplike hale getirmiş ve çeşitli çözüm önerilerinin tartışılması için çoğulcu bir ortam yaratmıştır. Diğer taraftan, Baskların terörü bir mücadele yöntemi olarak seçtikleri ve uygulamaya koydukları dönemde, diğer milliyetler dahil olmak üzere, bir bütün olarak İspanyol toplumu uzun suren baskıcı Franco diktatörlük rejimini tecrübe etmişlerdir.Bask toplumunun şiddete yönelmesi ve ETA terör örgütünün gelişimi bu devreyle eşleşmektedir. Franco rejiminin Basklara ve İspanya iç savaşının hemen öncesinde tesis edilen Bask özerk kurumlarına karşı olan otoriter, baskıcı, yasaklayıcı yapısı ve tutumu, İspanyol toplumunu oluşturan sosyal kesimler arasında var olan düşmanlıkları daha da arttırmış ve hatta Baskların siyasal bağımsızlığa yönelik isteklerini bilemiştir.Bask terör örgütü ETA'nın terör eylemleri, Franco rejiminin ortadan kalkmasıyla sona ermemiştir. Basklara tanınan özerklik bile, ETA terör örgütünün siyasal şiddet eylemlerini bitirmesini sağlayamamıştır. Üstelik, İspanyol hükümetlerinin örgütle müzakerelere girmesi, ETA ile Bask milliyetçi partisi PNV arasındaki organik olmayan bağlar ve İspanyol siyasi partileri arasındaki politik rekabet durumu, Baskların lehinde, bağımsızlığa doğru taşımıştır. The aim of this thesis is to research the effects of politicization of ETA terrorism on the solution of Basque independence issue. Since the Basque question is almost a century old, it involves a lot of periods that can highlight the debates on the politicization issues. The Basque Question can also be accepted as a sample for the political interactions between a central dominant state and an ethnic minority. The Basque community has a complex multi-dimensional structure with the political groups, the terrorist organization, the Basque Church, the Basque bourgeoisie, the Basque working class and the others. The incorporation of these separate social segments of the Basque community into the solution attempts made the question very complicated and created a pluralistic environment for the discussion of various types of solution proposals.On the other side, while the Basques had been turning to terrorist methods, the whole Spanish community including the peripheral nationalities had experienced the repressive Franco dictatorship for a long-lasting time. The terrorization and the development of ETA match with this period. The authoritarian, prohibitive and suppressive structure and actions of Franco regime toward Basques and their autonomous institutions which was established just before the Spanish Civil War increased the hostility amid the various segments of Spanish community and even whetted the exertions of Basques for political independence. The terrorist acts of ETA, the armed organization Basques, did not end with the demise of Franco regime. The autonomy statute recognized for Basques could not terminate the political violence either. Moreover, the negotiation attempts, the inorganic links between ETA and moderate Basque nationalist party PNV, and the political rivalry among the Spanish parties have been leading the situation to the independence, in favor of Basques.

In 90s of the last century two trends took place in a parallel manner: (1) the neoliberal transformation of the western industrial countries continued, but indeed with a very significant difference between the USA (and UK) and Western Europe. (2) High growth rates in the US, partly induced by the 90s accumulation wave in the "new economy", resulted - driven by the asset inflation since 1996 - in a fundamental over-accumulation of capital in the IT-sector. The crisis of the new economy and the implosion of the asset markets now seem to bear a deeper than a 'normal' cyclical crisis. Old industrial regions in crisis (high unemployment and poorness rates, low public budgets and investments and therefore neglected infrastructure systems) like the Ruhr area or some parts of them like the city of Dortmund try to reduce their employment problems by launching new regional clusters like the IT-sector and e-commerce, micro-systems technologies and logistics in the late 90s and the new decade. Mc Kinsey consulted the city of Dortmund and Thyssen-Krupp - the second largest steel company of western Europe and the owner of the former steel plants in Dortmund - to create 60.000 new jobs until the year 2010 in those new basic industries, founded on a very successful development of the software complex in the 80s and 90s that created about 15.000 jobs since 1985. The 'empirical base' of these prospects have been prolonged exponential functions of the new economy branches in the late 90s. The combination of the general economic crisis, the special crisis of the new economy and the results of the contra-productive macroeconomic austerity policy including the federal tax reforms lead to a very deep crisis of the public funds in the Ruhr-area, the city of Dortmund, the Land North-Rhine Westfalia an the FRG. Although we can assume that the branches of the new economy will expand again after the crisis - but with much lower growth rates as before - the public actors will have to reduce their activities significantly, if the austerity policies are continued. So it is very probably that the job targets until 2010 will not be realised. Instead of a fundamental change of macroeconomic policy more symbolic policies are activated intensively: - top events (world football championship, appointment for the 2012 Olympic Games, Triennale) are applied; - new expensive flagship - projects which reduce the money for the non-spectaculative expenditures (for schools, qualification activities etc.) - are launched: the Metrorapid as a new regional high speed train between Düsseldorf and Dortmund; entertainment and cultural industries investments like indoor skiing malls, philhamonic halls; - policies "without money" take place: voluntarian appelles, privatisation of public infrastructure, more competition in the public sphere; more pressure on unemployed people. - debates, but no decisions, are going on on functional reforms and new institutions like the Metropolitan Region Rhine-Ruhr, Ruhstadt and so on. As a result of this analysis a framework on an eco-social new deal for regions in crisis is proposed. This means alternative strategies on all relevant tiers for regional development, the european, federal, länder, regional and local level. Theories of vertical and horizontal interweaving (Scharpf) and alternative macroeconomic strategies in combination with the state of the art of regional innovation strategies are discussed briefly.

Books reviewed:Harvey, Graham (ed.).Indigenous religions: a companionKehoe, Alice BeckShamans and religion: an anthropological exploration in critical thinking.Massenzio, MarcelloSacré et identité ethnique: frontières et ordre du mondeMendoza, Zoila S.Shaping society through dance: mestizo ritual performance in the Peruvian AndesPulido, Alberto LópezThe sacred world of the penitentesRichman, Paula (ed.)Questioning Ramayanas: a South Asian traditionWasilewska. EwaCreation stories of the Middle EastAllison, Penelope M. (ed.)The archaeology of household activitiesAoyama, KazuoAncient Maya state: urbanism, exchange, and craft specializationHampton, O.W. 'Bud'Culture of stone: sacred and profane uses of stone among the DaniHansen, Mogens Herman (ed.)A comparative study of thirty city‐state culturesSøRensen, Marie Louise StigGender archaeologyBoyd, RobertThe coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: introduced infectious diseases and population decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774 1874Lamb, SarahWhite saris and sweet mangoes: aging, gender, and body in North IndiaKin, FoongSocial and behavioral aspects of malaria control: a study among the Murut of SabahPanter‐Brick, Catherine & Malcolm T. Smith (eds)Abandoned childrenSimoons, Frederick J.Plants of life, plants of deathAbramson, Allen & Dimitrios Theodossopoulos (eds)Land, law and environment: mythical land, legal boundariesAssayag, JackieL'Inde Fabuleuse: Le Charme Discret De L'Exotisme FrançAis (XviiE‐XxE SiÈCles)Bensa, Alban & Isabelle Leblic (Eds)En Pays KanakCandau, JoëL.MéMoire Et IdentitéDas, VeenaEt Al. (Eds).Violence And SubjectivityDilley, Roy (Ed.)The Problem Of ContextGidley, MickEdward S. Curtis And The North American Indian, IncorporatedHulme, Peter.Remnants Of Conquest: The Island Caribs And Their Visitors, 1877‐1998Lomsky‐Feder, Edna & Eyal Ben‐AriThe Military And Militarism In Israeli SocietyRiles, AnneliseThe Network Inside OutSaunt, ClaudioA New Order Of Things: Property, Power, and The Transformation Of The Creek Indians, 1733‐1816Strathern, Andrew & Pamela J. StewartThe Python's Back: Pathways Of Comparison Between Indonesia And MelanesiaTorstrick, Rebecca L.The Limits Of Coexistence: Identity Politics In IsraelTrubek, Amy B.Haute Cuisine: How The French Invented The Culinary ProfessionWarde, Alan & Lydia MartensEating Out: Social Differentiation, Consumption And PleasureZerilli F.M.Il Lato Oscuro Dell'Etnologia: Il Contributo Dell'Antropologia Naturalista Al Processo Di Istituzionalizzazione Degli Studi Etnologici In FranciaBlench, Roger & Matthew SpriggsArchaeology And Language Ii: Archaeological Data And Linguistic HypothesesCarruthers, Peter & Andrew Chamberlain (Eds)Evolution And The Human Mind: Modularity, Language And Meta‐CognitionIngham, Bruce,English‐Lakota DictionaryKing, Barbara J. (Ed.),The Origins Of Language: What Nonhuman Primates Can Tell UsKroskrity, Paul V. (Ed.)Regimes Of Language: Ideologies, Polities, And IdentitiesMonod Becquelin, Aurore & Philippe Erikson (Eds)Les Rituels Du Dialogue: Promenades Ethnolinguistiques En Terres AmÉRindiennesMcwhorter, John H.The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering The Birth Of Plantation Contact LanguagesBerglund, Eeva K.Knowing Nature, Knowing Science: An Ethnography Of Local Environmental ActivismDonham, Donald L.Marxist Modern: An Ethnographic History Of The Ethiopian RevolutionDrori, IsraelThe Seam Line: Arab Workers And Jewish Managers In The Israeli Textile IndustryField, Les W.The Grimace Of Macho RatóN: Artisans, Identity, And Nation In Late‐Twentieth Century Western NicaraguaFisher, William H.Rain Forest Exchanges: Industry And Community On An Amazonian FrontierFormoso, Bernard,Indentités En Regard: Destins En Milieu Bouddhiste ThaïFurniss, ElizabethThe Burden Of History: Colonialism And The Frontier Myth In A Rural CommunityHirabayashi, Lane RyoThe Politics Of Fieldwork: Research In An American Concentration CampKarlsson, B.G.Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People's Struggle For Forest And Identity In Sub‐Himalayan BengalSangren, P. StevenChinese Sociologies: An Anthropological Account Of The Role Of Alienation In Social Reproduction

Domestic Variability and the Emergence of Complexity at TiwanakuThe character of the ancient settlement of Tiwanaku has been a subject of debate for the past half century. Despite general acknowledgement that Tiwanaku influenced vast regions of the south-central Andes for several hundred years, the problem of whether or not Tiwanaku was an "empty" pilgrimage site or a densely populated urban center, and if urban, the constitution of its resident populations, remain compelling questions. This paper addresses these questions by presenting the results of extensive excavations in several residential sectors of the Tiwanaku site. Discussion of comparative spatial architectural and artifactual data emphasizes several intersecting patterns in the changing nature of residential organization during the Tiwanaku IV phase (AD 500-800), during which the site expanded into a major political and religious center. Comparative evidence indicates that during this phase Tiwanaku expanded into a densely populated urban center. This evidence emphasizes notable patterns of spatial order and stylistic uniformity across the site, pointing to the creation and dissemination of a common "state culture". Residential patterns were also characterized by traditional markers of social complexity, including marked status differentiation and specialized craft production. At the same time, these residential areas remained mutually differentiated in local social affiliations with group identity, indicating that the urban center developed out of and remained grounded in a fundamental segmentary social order. These results offer a unique perspective into the distinctive nature of pristine Andean urbanism and social complexity. ; Las características del antiguo asentamiento de Tiwanaku han suscitado discusiones desde hace más de medio siglo. Pese a aceptar, por lo general, que Tiwanaku ejerció una gran influencia sobre vastas regiones de los Andes surcentrales durante varios siglos, se mantiene el problema de decidir si Tiwanaku fue un lugar de peregrinaje "vacío" o un centro urbano densamente poblado y, aun al aceptar la condición urbana, quedan preguntas difíciles. El presente trabajo trata de estos temas por medio de la presentación de los resultados de excavaciones intensivas en varios sectores residenciales del sitio de Tiwanaku. Se discuten y se comparan los datos espaciales, arquitectónicos y de artefactos, así como se enfatizan varios patrones cruzados en la naturaleza cambiante de la organización residencial durante la fase Tiwanaku IV (500-800 d.C.), en la cual el sitio se convirtió en un gran centro político y religioso. Evidencias comparativas muestran que Tiwanaku fue un centro urbano densamente poblado durante esta misma fase. Estas evidencias subrayan la presencia de notables patrones de orden espacial y de uniformidad estilística a través del sitio, lo cual apunta hacia la creación y difusión de una "cultura estatal" compartida. Los patrones residenciales también se caracterizan por marcadores tradicionales de complejidad social, que incluyen una marcada diferenciación de status y producción artesanal especializada. Al mismo tiempo, estas mismas áreas residenciales mantenían sus diferencias en cuanto a filiaciones sociales locales y la identidad de grupo. Lo que indica que el centro urbano se desarrolló sobre la base de un orden social segmentado. Estos resultados ofrecen una perspectiva única hacia la naturaleza distintiva del urbanismo andino prístino y la complejidad social.

Anyone interested in the history of the book in Austria will, sooner rather than later, come across the publications of Carl Junker (1864-1928). No one before or after him has done as much toward compiling what we know today about the history of the book, whether it be in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy or in the Republic of Austria. As far as the signifcance of his writings is concerned, it is entirely fitting to quote the words Junker himself wrote regarding the official book trade publication, "Österreichisch-ungarische Buchhändler-Correspondenz", which appeared from 1860: "The 50 voumes which we now have-no matter what negative opinion some people might hold of their contents-represent, for the future historian dealing with the history of our book trade, a standard work, which he will have to continually consult." With his studies on the Austrian book trade or publishing trade, as the case may be, Carl Junker made a contribution which even today, more than seventy years after his death, defies comparison. The state of research reflected in his articles and lengthier studies, his monographs, is, in most cases, the same as it is today. Archival material which he had at his disposal and which he used as the basis for his studies is no longer available today. Thus, his documentations have, in many respects, become "primary sources" in their own right. His text "Die Katastrophe in Wien", for example, is an authentic report on the loss of irreplacable archival records from the "Staatsarchiv des Innern und der Justiz", stored in the Palace of Justice which went up in flames in 1927. The losses included censorship and police records from the reign of Joseph 11 and records pertaining to the newspaper trade. As Junker reports, little was left. The volume of Junker's collected writings contains all of his book publications, including monographs of firms such as Gerold, Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky and Friedrich Jasper as well as his critical analysis of the state of copyright protection in Austria-Hungary at the turn of the century, not to mention his pioneering publication on Austrian press history (the likes of which has not been published since.) As the collection of Junker's writings shows, he was also very much interested in developments in bibliography, as, for example, decimal classification in libraries. Junker also wrote histories of two trade organizations in Austria, the 'Verein der österreichisch- ungarischen Buch- Kunst- und Musikalienhändler" (1899) and the -Korporation der Wiener Buch-, Kunst- und Musikalienhändler" (1907). Both works contain information (e.g. legislation governing the book trade) essential to today's book scholars. But the current volume also makes other historical topics easily accessible to us today. There are articles about the reorganisation of the Austrian book trade after World War One, articles he wrote articles for countless exhibition catalogues. And although some of his works were commissioned, Junker shows on repeated occasions that he is by no means uncritical. Junker died in 1928 before he could complete one last major work, namely a history of book publishing companies in Austria. What he did leave behind is contained in this volume and can provide the basis for scholars today to try to match his diligence. A compilation of this kind will invariably be used as a reference work, and in order to make the incredible wealth of information easily accessible, there are five indices: company names, personal names, subject, place names and magazines and newspapers.

The forcefulness of the facts has shown an unquestionable truth: the life on Earth is sustained by a limited quantity of energy that is produced by organisms like the green plants. It is urgent to put into practice measures that assure the maintenance of at least such a quantity of energy. The growing deforestation rate and contamination (pollution), as by-products of the "modernity", allows us to watch the seriously committed humanity's future, not being necessary to wait to the generation of our children to appreciate their negative effects. In the beginning of the XXI century we already live them and inclusive we can even quantify them. It will be necessary to decide what to make in order to avoid one of the biggest ecological disasters: the asphyxia of the planet. The only formulas that can to avoid this outcome lie within the concept of Eco-Development or Sustainable Development, inspiring in the most revolutionary ideas in State philosophy—Eco-Economy. Here we offer some fundamental precepts on which Ecoeconomy is based, and we point out the dangers of not acting quickly enough according to their advice in countries that possess an enormous magnitude of biological diversity as the Peru (which is one of the top ten recognized worldwide). For Sustainable Development purposes, being megadiverse condition in a world of globalized markets amounts to an enormous strength, that can generate —provided there is a political will— an inexhaustible source of potentialities and opportunities, which could enable the country to reach significant and growing levels of benefits in the short, medium and long term. ; La contundencia de los hechos ha mostrado una verdad indiscutible: la vida en la Tierra se sustenta en una cantidad limitada de energía que producen organismos como las plantas verdes. Resulta por ello más urgente que nunca poner en práctica medidas que aseguren el mantenimiento —cuando menos— de tal cantidad de energía. La creciente tasa de deforestación y contaminación (polución), como producto de la "modernidad", permite avizorar un futuro de la humanidad seriamente comprometido y no es necesario siquiera esperar a la generación de nuestros hijos para apreciar sus negativos efectos. A inicios del siglo XXI ya los vivimos e inclusive los podemos cuantificar. Habrá que decidir qué hacer para evitar uno de los mayores desastres ecológicos: la asfixia del planeta. Las únicas fórmulas capaces de evitar este desenlace se encontrarían dentro de lo que involucra el concepto de Ecodesarrollo o Desarrollo Sostenible, inspirador de la forma más revolucionaria de filosofía de Estado, la Ecoeconomía. Aquí se ofrecen algunos preceptos fundamentales en los que se sustentan y se hacen notar los peligros de no actuar rápidamente según su consejo en países que como el Perú poseen una enorme magnitud de diversidad biológica (ocupa uno de los primeros lugares entre diez que son mundialmente reconocidos). Por esta característica nuestro país es considerado megadiverso. Para propósitos de Desarrollo Sostenible, la condición de megadiverso en un mundo donde existe una globalización del mercado se considera una enorme fortaleza, capaz de generar —si existe decisión política— una fuente inagotable de potencialidades y oportunidades, que permitirá al país alcanzar significativos y crecientes niveles de bienestar en el corto, mediano y largo plazo.

This article attempts to deal with various forms of poverty. What do the long‐term unemployed, young people looking for work and on training schemes, single adults eligible for the RMI (guaranteed minimum income benefit), lone mothers, young couples crippled by the impossibility of paying bills and rent, all have in common? The author puts forward the hypothesis that they express a particular mode of dissociation from the social bond: disaffiliation. This is a different condition of misery from that of poverty in the strict sense. The latter can perhaps be read as a state, whose forms can be listed in terms of lack (lack of earnings, of housing, of medical care, of education, lack of power or of respect). By contrast, situations of destitution constitute an effect at the place where two vectors meet: one, the axis of integration/non‐integration through work; the other, an axis of integration/non‐integration into a social and family network. A model of four 'zones' of social life – integration, vulnerability, assistance and disaffiliation – constructed from pre‐industrial societies, may serve as a reference grid against which we can interpret contemporary social circumstances and the rise of social vulnerability. Present‐day insecurity largely results from the growing fragility of protective regulations which were implemented from the nineteenth century onwards in order to create a stable situation for workers: the right to work, extended social protection, coverage of social risks set up by the welfare state. We can describe the specific nature of present‐day insecurity as relating to the structure of wage society, its crisis or its disintegration since the mid‐1970s.Cet article vise à traiter des formes différentes de la pauvreté. Qu'ont en commun le chômeur de longue durée, le jeune en quête d'emploi et consommateur de stages, l'adulte isolé qui s'inscrit au RMI, la mère de famille 'monoparentale', le jeune couple étranglé par l'impossibilité de payer traites et loyers? L'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'ils expriment un mode particulier de dissociation du lien social, la désaffiliation. Il est un autre pathétique que celui de la pauvreté stricto sensu. Si celle‐ci peut Átre lue comme un état dont on inventorie les formes en terme de manque (manque à gagner, à se loger, à se soigner, à s'instruire, manque de pouvoir ou de considération), l'auteur voudrait pour sa part envisager les situations de dénuement comme un effet, à la conjonction de deux vecteurs: un axe d'intégration‐non‐intégration par le travail, un axe d'insertion‐non‐insertion dans une sociabilité socio‐familiale. Un modèle des quatre 'zones' de la vie sociale – d'intégration, de vulnérabilité, d'assistance et de désaffiliation – construit à partir des sociétés pré‐industrielles peut servir de grille de lecture pour interpréter la conjoncture sociale contemporaine et la remontée de la vulnérabilité sociale. S'agissant de la précarité d'aujourd'hui, elle relève dans une large mesure de la fragilisation de régulations protectrices qui se sont mises en place à partir du XIXe siècle pour stabiliser les situations de travail: droit du travail, protection sociale étendue, couverture des risques sociaux mise en place par l'Etat Providence. C'est par rapport à la structure de la société salariale, de sa crise ou de son effritement à partir du milieu des années soixante‐dix, que l'on peut qualifier la spécificité de la précarité d'aujourd'hui.

American democracy fosters the common good of society by allowing citizen involvement in government. Sustaining American democracy depends on civic involvement among citizens. Civic involvement, which consists of citizens' informed involvement in government, politics, and community life, is a desired behavior among adult citizens in the United States and it is a desired outcome of higher education. However, people in the latter part of the twentieth century have questioned the extent to which higher education makes a difference in civic involvement among adults in the United States. College educators are challenged to explain the relationship between higher education and civic involvement among adults in the 1990s. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between higher education and civic involvement. The researcher approached this issue by examining relationships between measures of civic involvement and personal characteristics such as education level, race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status among adults in the United States. The researcher compared joint relationships between civic involvement and personal characteristics among college graduates with the joint relationships between civic involvement and personal characteristics among adults with some college education and adults with no college education. Data from the Adult Civic Involvement component of the National Household Education Survey of 1996 (NHES:96) were analyzed. This survey was conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics. Using list-assisted, random digit dialing methods and computer assisted telephone interviewing techniques, data were collected from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians who were eighteen years of age or older at the time of the survey. Data were collected regarding respondents' (a) personal characteristics, (b) use of information sources, (c) knowledge of government, (d) community participation, and (e) political participation. The selected technique for analyzing data was canonical correlation analysis (CCA), which is a form of multivariate analysis that subsumes multiple regression, multivariate analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis. The results revealed that civic involvement among adults in the United States is moderate at best. Low to moderate civic involvement among adults is mostly attributed to the absence of civic behaviors among adults with no college education. Among adults, overall civic involvement has strong relationships with education level, race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. While the relationship between higher education and civic involvement is strong, there are significant differences in civic involvement among college graduates when grouped according to race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. White male college graduates with high incomes tend to demonstrate the attributes of civic involvement to a greater extent than other groups. Among adults with some college education, overall civic involvement is characteristic of older males.Similarly, older adults with no college education demonstrate civic involvement to a greater extent than younger adults with no college education. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies. The findings also extend the results of previous studies by explaining the relationships between civic involvement and multiple personal characteristics when analyzed simultaneously. The findings suggest a need for ongoing analyses of civic involvement among adult citizens and among college students. The results further imply a need for college personnel to identify and implement strategies that will improve the civic outcomes of higher education for minorities and females in various age and income categories. ; Ph. D.

Localism and regionalism are normally seen as contrasting, indeed conflicting, conceptions of metropolitan area governance. Localism in this context refers to the view that the existing system of a large number of relatively small governments wielding power over such critical matters as local land use regulation, local taxation, and the financing of local public services ought to be preserved. The meaning of regionalism is less clearly defined and proposals for regional governance vary widely, but most advocates of regionalism would shift some authority from local governments, restrict local autonomy, or, at the very least, constrain the ability of local governments to pursue local interests. Regionalism would move some power to institutions, organizations, or procedural structures with a larger territorial scope and more population than existing local governments. Regionalism appears to be a step towards centralization. As such, it seems to be the antithesis of the decentralization represented by localism. Yet, in the metropolitan areas that dominate America at the end of the twentieth century, regionalism is not simply the enemy of localism; it is also localism's logical extension. Localism is about the legal and political empowerment of local areas. The theoretical case for localism rests on a set of arguments about the role of local governments in promoting governmental efficiency, democracy, and community. But in contemporary metropolitan areas, the economically, socially, and ecologically relevant local area is often the region. Consequently, in metropolitan areas, concerns about efficiency, democracy, and community ought to lead to support for some shift in power away from existing localities to new processes, structures, or organizations that can promote decision-making on behalf of the interests of a region considered as a whole. Regionalism is, thus, localism for metropolitan areas. Of course, the congruence of the theoretical underpinnings of localism and regionalism does not dispel the real world conflict between them. Localists do not become regionalists simply because they live in metropolitan regions. Indeed, the resistance to regionalism is quite widespread in most metropolitan areas. Localism is not simply a theory of government intended to advance certain normative goals. It is also a means of protecting the interests of those who receive advantages from the existing governance structure, including, but not limited to, local government officials, businesses that reap the rewards of the interlocal competition for commercial and industrial activity, real estate interests that profit from the system's propensity to promote the development of new land, and residents of more affluent areas who enjoy the benefits of ample local tax bases. The relationship between localism and regionalism, and the intense localist resistance to regionalism, tells us as much about the role of local self-interest in promoting localism in practice – and, for that matter, in promoting regionalism – as about the connection between localist values and regionalism in theory. This Article explores the relationship between localism and regionalism. Part I examines the "what" and the "why" of contemporary regionalism: What does regionalism mean and why has it enjoyed so much attention from academics, urbanists, and policy analysts in recent years? Part II reviews the arguments for localism, and explains how, despite the asserted conflict between localism and regionalism, the theories underlying localism actually make a case for regionalism in contemporary metropolitan areas. Finally, Part III considers the prospects in practice for moving from localism to regionalism.

Several scientists, politicians are perceiving a fundamental shift in the structure of the production process and the political regulation-system governing that process. Others claim that there?s nothing worth mentioning about this rage, and posit the continuation of long known cyclical and secular trends. There is a general lack of common understanding and accurate definition in the debate among and between politicians and academics. Neither the concept of ?globalisation? nor that of ?regionalisation? seems to be an accurate ?description? nor an ?explanation? of the structural transformations of the European economy. Yet these vague nominations do have real implications for the perception and situation-definition of the mass and their leaders. Using theoretical tools as the ?Rule of Anticipated Reactions?, ?Hidden Faces of Power?, ?non-decision-making? etc., the proposition is that the ?invisible hands? of market-law and (supra-)state policies have altered the bargaining positions of ?states? and organisations favouring business. The debate about the ?retreat? or ?withering away? of the state, vs. scientists pleading to ?bring the state back in? the analysis, is noticeable in most countries. But the ?objective data? used is unsuitable: they cannot measure accurately the transition under research. The current discussion cannot reveal the importance of the concept of ?structural power? in social relationships: the shifting balance of power between states and markets and between labour and capital. Because of the current division of social sciences, individual disciplines cannot capture thoroughly the transition of the economic system. This transition consists of the shift away from a ?Fordist Regulation? towards ?Something Else?. This transition has farreaching consequences for the neo-corporatist organisation of the ?European? economies and the underlying social differentiation. It is endangering the necessary social cohesion and hindering the supple functioning of the labour market. The classic ?European? Keynesian Welfare State, is undergoing strong incentives, perhaps dictates, towards drastic adjustment. The conditions imposed by mobile capital, both financial and productive, are narrowing the policy-options of national and regional governments: the decrease of difference. At least, this is what is proclaimed in popular discours, in contrast to different findings of scientific research. The modern version of ?beggar-they-neighbour?, the competitive provision of investment-incentives, the involuntarily condescending attitude towards the captains of industry . are disciplining the labour-force and leading to unemployment and poverty. Because of the delegation of important parts of the socio-economical policy-domains towards the regional government, these too are forced to play the game. Intra-Union and even intra-state social dumping, sometimes for the sake of the European subsidy-policy, are complicating an ?regional understanding?. How can the regions answer this common threat without resulting in a ?mutually assured destruction?? How can they counter these ?structural adjustment plans? without a suitable adequate institutional apparatus on the Union level? What is known in political geography as the ?jumping of scales? is changing the relationship between different policy-levels. The ?regional question? at the turn of the Century is a difficult one: how can the regions defy the obligations of the global production system without rendering a community of regions impossible before it is constructed.