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As a result of German-Hungarian societal bilingualism German family names had been present in multilingual 19th century Hungary for centuries. Magyarizations of family names in the second half of the 19th century mostly affected the German and Yiddish speech communities bearing German family names. This paper explores the causes and character- istics of this phenomenon by examining the social, psychological, and ideological factors influencing the use of family names. After giving the numerical description of family name changes, the authors examine the sociolinguistic background of family name use, focusing on the situation of ethnolinguistic communities whose members bore German family names. By analysing the semantic structure of family names, the authors present how and why these family names could become tools of linguistic nationalism in contemporary Hungary, generating the claim of changing foreign-sounding family names to Hungarian ones. The political and social background of family name changes as well as social stratifi- cation of the applicants are also examined. The authors describe the movement of family name Magyarizations as a behavioural pattern of middle-class people ready to accept social mobility and willing to take part in assimilation. The aesthetic, functional and linguistic principles found behind these family name changes are also discussed. After briefly pre- senting the history of German family names in 20th century Hungary, the authors deduce some basic theoretical and methodological conclusions.

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Ordnung, Störung und partieller 'Entstörung' in Christian Krachts und Eckhart Nickels Gebrauchsanweisung für Kathmandu und Nepal (2009) sowie in deren überarbeiteter Neuausgabe (2012). Es wird analysiert, wie sich der Band innerhalb der Reihe des Piper-Verlags positioniert, welche reiseliterarischen Traditionslinien aufgerufen und wie die auf einen literarischen Reiseführer eingestellten Rezeptionserwartungen durch den Text enttäuscht werden. Dabei wird ein durchtriebenes Spiel deutlich, das Fragen politischer Korrektheit und reiseliterarischer Redlichkeit aufwirft. Ausgehend von den Vorwürfen gegen die Popliteraten der 1990er Jahre, sie seien kolonialapologetische Dandys, wird hier eine Lesart in Stellung gebracht, die im intertextuellen und unzuverlässigen Spiel ein ebenso subtiles wie kritisches politisches Statement entdeckt. ; This paper investigates different aspects of order, disruption and partial restoration in Christian Kracht's und Eckhart Nickel's Gebrauchsanweisung für Kathmandu und Nepal (2009) and the revised edition (2012). The analysis focuses on the positioning of the text within the book series of Piper publishing as well as on the traditions of the genre of travel writing on which the authors allude to. Furthermore we question, to what extent the readers expectations are being disappointed. This in itself reveals to be an artful game that raises further questions concerning the matter of political correctness in this specific type of travel writing. In regard to the criticism of German Pop Literature and its authors – who were broadly perceived as apolitical dandies trivializing colonialism in their travelogues –, this paper presents an analysis of intertextuality and unreliability and interprets these techniques as a subtle but nevertheless critical statement.

Seen as the hallmark of democratization in this dynamic context, decentralization should fulfil a salient function in the overall process of democratization, reconciliation, and in instauring a balance of the new power relationship in the country. The strong conviction that it would guarantee consolidation and reinforcement of an asymmetric bottom-up process would help reverse the asymmetric top-down process in governmental institutions and capacity-building, while at the same time providing suitable answers to the daily needs of the local populations. Decentralization should, therefore, foster economic development in the rural milieu and compensate the capacity gaps in the administration, too. This consensual political objective justified the epistemology of an official discourse developing a topos focusing on the reinforcement of a political process aiming to "render the profound country his soul" (fr. "rendre son âme au Mali profond") interpreted in the national languages as the "comeback of the power to its roots" (Bambara: mara ka segin so) (cf. Coulibaly / Lima 2013). In this optic, the trefoil "democratization, decentralization, and development" constituted the magic formula encapsulating a new answer to issues of poverty and underdevelopment in Africa in general, and specifically in Mali.

This is a revised and translated version of my article "Die doppelte Wende - Zur Verbindung von Sprache, Sprachwissenschaft und zeitgebundener politischer Bewertung am Beispiel deutsch-deutscher Sprachdifferenzierung" which appeared in Politische Semantik - Bedeutungsanalytische und sprachkritische Beiträge zur politischen Sprachverwendung, ed. Josef Klein (Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1989), pp. 297-326. I am indepted to Colin Good, Norwich, England, for having translated the text into English.

The contribution will focus on aspects of pluricentricity in spoken Standard German. After a brief overview over the historical and dialectal background of the linguistic diversity in the German speaking area, the regionally balanced speech-corpus "German today" is presented, which has been collected for the analysis of the (regional) variation of spoken Standard German. Aspects of pluricentric German will be discussed by means of both the distribution of certain phonetic variables and a short analysis of regional differences in the use of certain conversational constructions. It is argued that pluricentric structures are constituted by a set of linguistic features on different levels of description. Above all, the analysis tries to reveal traces of the impact of both traditional dialects and national or even subnational political units on the constitution of the standard varieties.

"Standard language" is a contested concept, ideologically, empirically and theoretically. This is particularly true for a language such as German, where the standardization of the spoken language was based on the written standard and was established with respect to a communicative situation, i.e. public speech on stage (Bühnenaussprache), which most speakers never come across. As a consequence, the norms of the oral standard exhibit many features which are infrequent in the everyday speech even of educated speakers. This paper discusses ways to arrive at a more realistic conception of (spoken) standard German, which will be termed "standard usage". It must be founded on empirical observations of speakers linguistic choices in everyday situations. Arguments in favor of a corpus-based notion of standard have to consider sociolinguistic, political, and didactic concerns. We report on the design of a large study of linguistic variation conducted at the Institute for the German Language (project "Variation in Spoken German", Variation des gesprochenen Deutsch) with the aim of arriving at a representative picture of "standard usage" in contemporary German. It systematically takes into account both diatopic variation covering the multi-national space in which German an official language, and diastratic variation in terms of varying degrees of formality. Results of the study of phonetic and morphosyntactic variation are discussed. At least for German, a corpus-based notion of "standard usage" inevitably includes some degree of pluralism concerning areal variation, and it needs to do justice to register-based variation as well.

Die soziale Frage war für den Berner Pfarrer Albert Bitzius, besser bekannt als der Schriftsteller Jeremias Gotthelf (1797–1854), Teil eines tiefgreifenden religiösen Problems. Er war überzeugt, dass die Not von einer Gesellschaft erzeugt wurde, die sich nicht mehr auf christliche Grundsätze berief. Im Unterschied zu anderen kirchlichen Bestrebungen ging es ihm aber nicht um die "Rechristianisierung" der vermeintlich moralisch und sittlich verkommenen Armen und die Restauration der Sozialordnung. Vielmehr stand er in engem Kontakt mit der neuen Reformpädagogik und beeinflusste mit seinem Heim für Verdingkinder auch Friedrich Fröbel, den Begründer des Kindergartens. Die fortschrittsgläubigen Radikalliberalen, welche die Lösung der sozialen Probleme in einem zentralisierten, wertneutralen und religiös indifferenten Staat sahen, erkannten dies nicht und sahen in ihm nur den konservativen Reaktionär und Heimatdichter. Lukas Künzler schlägt in seiner Analyse von "Die Armennoth" und "Käthi, die Großmutter" eine andere Lesart der sozialethischen Schriften Gotthelfs vor und zeigt, dass dieser in seinem Werk unmittelbarer auf die epochalen Herausforderungen seiner Zeit reagierte als bislang angenommen. Die durch Armut und Hunger bewirkte Gärung in den Unterschichten reflektierte er ebenso deutlich wie die frühsozialistischen Theoretiker, die in der revolutionären Umwälzung aller politisch-ökonomischen Verhältnisse den Weg zu gerechten sozialen Zuständen sahen. Gerade in unserer Zeit, die mit der Migration und dem Klimawandel wieder vor der Wertefrage steht, gewinnt Gotthelfs Werk neue Bedeutung und Aktualität.

During the second half of the 19th century, extended regions of the South Pacific came to be part of the German colonial empire. The colonial administration included repeated and diverse efforts to implement German as the official language in several settings (administration, government, education) in the colonial areas. Due to unfamiliar sociological and linguistic conditions, to competition with English as a(nother) prestigious colonizer language, and to the short time-span of the German colonial rule, these efforts rendered only little language-related effect. Nevertheless, some linguistic traces remained, and these seem to reflect in what areas language implementation was organized most thoroughly. The study combines two directions of investigation: First, taking a historical approach, legal and otherwise official documents and information are considered in order to understand how the implementation process was planned and (intended to be) carried out. Second, from a linguistic perspective, documented lexical borrowings and other traces of linguis tic contact are identified that can corroborate the historical findings by reflecting a greater effect of contact in such areas where the implementation of German was carried out most strictly. The goal of this paper is, firstly, to trace the political and missionary activities in language planning with regard to German in the colonial Pacific, rather similar to a modem language policy scenario when a new code of prestige or national unity is implemented. Secondly, these activities are evaluated in the face of the outcome that can be observed, in the historical practice as well as in long-term effects of language contact up until today.

The unfolding discussion will focus on the internal representation of turbulent sounds in the phonology of German as well as pinpoint the special status of the prime defining the quality of turbulence. It will also be argued that this prime is capable of entering into special types of licensing relations, which results in specific phonetic manifestations of forms. We shall compare the effects of two processes attested in German: consonant degemination and spirantisation with a view to revealing the role of the turbulence-defining element in the two operations. Furthermore, our attention will be focused on the workings of the Obligatory Contour Principle which, as will be shown below, exerts decisive impact on prime interplay and consequently the phonetic realization of sounds and words. We shall see that segmental identity is contingent on the languagespecific interpretation of inter-element bonds. Aware of the importance of prime autonomy in determining the manifestation of sounds, let us start with a brief outline of the fundamental segment structure principles offered by the theory of Phonological Government.

Thema des Beitrags ist die Hagiotoponymie des Schweizer Kantons Bern. Nach einem Blick auf die Hagiotoponyme als Bildungstyp und auf ihren Anteil an den Namen der politischen Gemeinden der Schweiz wird eine Auswahl von mit HeiligenN gebildeten Flur- und SiedlungsN aus der Sammlung der Forschungsstelle für Namenkunde der Universität Bern vorgestellt und besprochen. Dabei wird auch die Frage gestreift, welche Spuren die Einführung der Reformation Ende Januar des Jahres 1528 in der Berner Hagiotoponymie hinterlassen hat. ; The subject of this article is the hagiotoponymy of the Swiss canton of Bern. After having looked at hagiotoponymy as a type of name formation and at its share in the names of the municipalities of Switzerland, a small selection of place names formed from saints' names will be presented and analysed. The data will be taken from the scientific collection of the onomastic research center at the University of Bern (Forschungsstelle für Namenkunde der Universität Bern). In this context, the issue of the traces which the introduction of the Reformation has left in the Bernese hagiotoponymy will be briefly touched upon as well.

Der deutsche Zeitungsmarkt ist von einem breiten Angebot überregionaler Tageszeitungen gekennzeichnet, denen innerhalb der Bevölkerung unterschiedliche politische Ausrichtungen zugeschrieben werden. Als konservatives Blatt gilt die "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" (F.A.Z.), wohingegen sich die "taz.die tageszeitung" (taz) durch eine linksalternative Orientierung auszeichnet. Ausgehend von diesem Unterschied untersucht die Arbeit die sprachliche Gestaltung der Überschriften, Unter- und Zwischenzeilen der F.A.Z. und der taz zu den Themen "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD), "Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund" (NSU) und "Front National" (FN). Die qualitativ-quantitative Korpusuntersuchung fokussiert neben lexikalischen und syntaktischen auch sprachstilistische Faktoren, die eine Stellungnahme zu der Forschungsthese, dass mit der sprachlichen Formulierung der Haupt-, Unter- und Zwischenzeilen die politische Ausrichtung und ideologische Grundhaltung der Zeitungen deutlich wird, erlauben. Die Grundlage für die Analysen bildet ein konstruktivistischer Ansatz, der auf systemtheoretischen Annahmen beruht. Dadurch kann zum einen gezeigt werden, wie sich die Ergebnisse der sprachlichen Analysen mit den unterschiedlichen zugrunde liegenden Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen der Zeitungen verbinden lassen, zum anderen wird deutlich, dass sich die Formulierung der Überschriften auch auf die individuelle Realitätskonstruktion der Rezipienten auswirkt. Die vergleichenden Auswertungen geben unterschiedlich gewichtete Hinweise auf die Einstellung der Kommunikatoren und bestätigen, dass die jeweiligen Perspektivierungen der Wirklichkeit sowie ideologischen Grundhaltungen der F.A.Z. und der taz bereits in der sprachlichen Gestaltung ihrer Titelkomplexe deutlich werden. ; The german newspaper market is characterized by a broad supply of nationwide daily newspapers, which have different political orientations. The "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" (F.A.Z.) is characterized as a conservative newspaper, while the "taz.die tageszeitung" (taz) has a left-alternative orientation. Based on this difference this master thesis takes a look at the linguistic presentation of headlines and subheadings of the F.A.Z. and the taz concerning the subjects "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD), "Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund" (NSU) and "Front National" (FN). The qualitative-quantitative corpus analysis focuses on lexical, syntactical and stylistical factors. These parameters allow an answer to the research question whether the political orientation of the F.A.Z. and the taz is visible in the wording of their headlines and subheadings. The master thesis is based on a constructivist approach which is framed by a system-theoretical perspective. This allows to show how the results of the linguistic analysis are connectable with different reality constructions of the newspapers and that the formulations of the headlines has effects on the individual reality constructions of the recipients. The comparative evaluations demonstrate the influence of the different viewpoints on reality of the F.A.Z. and the taz on the linguistic formulation of their headlines and subheadings.

This dissertation offers a qualitative analysis of verbal interactions in German television talk shows between 1989 and 1994. It investigates how Speakers of German formulate their own and others' affiliation to national identities and social spaces. In particular, it examines classifications of place, person, and time that include group and place names as well as grammatically complex expressions, deictic pronouns and adverbs, and certain motion verbs. In addition, repair is discussed as a resource in re-formulating identities.

The study concerns interviews with a German sample of 430 residents of highrise complexes (with comparison with 166 nonhighrise residents). The data were analyzed primarily according to social backgrounds such as social class, sex, marital status, and age. Satisfaction in the highrise was largely conditioned by physical aspects of the apartment, but also by the ability to form social networks. Whatever their reservations about the highrise, parents were more enthusiastic about the adjustment of children than were childless respondents. On the whole, there appears to be considerable self-selectivity among highrise residents even though many regard their residence as temporary.

Between 1884 and 1900, Germany established protectorates in large areas of the South Pacific. The authorities assumed that the linguistically extremely diverse areas would pose communication problems. Thus the question arose whether German should become the lingua franca in the South Pacific. After a controversial discussion; the German government implemented language policies to promote the German language in the colonies. This chapter shows why, on the one hand, German language policies were doomed to failure and why, on the other, they unintentionally supported other linguistic developments such as the introduction of borrowing from German into indigenous languages, the development of German settler varieties, and the spread of pidgin languages.