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[12], 355, [1] p. : port. (metalcut) ; Place of publication from Wing. ; Imperfect: failed to print "2" or "II" on title page. ; Reproduction of the original at the British Library.

[8], 40, [2], 41-62, [2], 63-64, [2], 65-66, 4 p. ; G.C. = George Carew. ; Place of publication from Wing. ; "Severall remarkable observations upon divers select articles in treaties of common alliance and commerce" and "Severall necessary advertisements concerning the improvement of navigation and trade" have separate title pages; both have imprint year 1676. At least the first of these is an insert, as is the leaf after page '40'. ; Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library.

A volume which explores in detail Seneca's 'De Beneficiis'. Divided into three sections, it looks at the historical and philosophical context of the work, its relation to Seneca's other texts, and concludes with a detailed synopsis of each book, accompanied by notes in commentary form.

Objective To implement a modified obstetric early warning system (MOEWS) to promote identification and stabilization of unwell women. Methods A before-and-after study of MOEWS implementation took place between April 2013 and January 2014 in a government referral hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. After piloting MOEWS, cesarean case files were retrospectively assessed to compare preoperative stabilization. A longitudinal "spot-check" study measured use of MOEWS and action taken on abnormal results. A quality indicator was introduced to assess ongoing implementation. Results Analysis of women undergoing cesarean before (n=79) and after (n=85) MOEWS implementation showed that preoperative stabilization improved significantly post-intervention (odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.39–5.54). The longitudinal analysis of women at baseline (n=43) and after (n=85) MOEWS implementation also showed a significant improvement in action taken (1/24 [4%] vs 28/45 [62%]; P=0.001). The 6-month aggregated quality indicator revealed that 78 (62%) of 125 patients had a completed MOEWS chart, with appropriate stabilization of 65 (93%) of 70 women. Conclusion Implementation of MOEWS improved women's care through action being taken on abnormal observations. Before whole-scale adoption of MOEWS in low-resource settings, the study should be scaled up and repeated to ensure replicable findings.

This book is the first extensive study of the role of the family in the work of Seneca. It offers a new way of reading philosophy that combines philosophical analysis with social, cultural and historical factors to bring out the ways in which Stoicism presents itself as in tune with the universe. The family serves a central role in an individual's moral development - both the family as conventionally understood, and the wider conceptual family which Stoicism constructs. Innovative readings of Seneca's work bring out the importance of the family to his thought and how it interacts with other Stoic doctrines. We learn how to be virtuous from observing and imitating our family, who can be biological relatives or people we choose as our intellectual ancestors. The Ethics of the Family in Seneca will be of particular interest to researchers in Roman Stoicism, imperial culture and the history of the family

[spa] La sátira literaria ha sido desde siempre un objeto de estudio de difícil definición. Los especialistas del tema la califican de elusiva, proteica y escurridiza, precisamente porque las características constantes del género varían tanto de un poema a otro, que resulta complicado establecer un modelo común a todas las obras. El presente análisis intenta echar luz al problema de la elusividad de la sátira. Para ello, recurrimos a herramientas metodológicas provenientes de campos del conocimiento distintos del de la Filología Clásica, tales como la Semiótica, en general, y la Semiótica de la Cultura, en particular, además de otras como el Análisis del Discurso y la Teoría de los Polisistemas. Partimos de la hipótesis de que la sátira romana fue un género de fronteras entre dos sistemas semióticos distintos, el literario y el social. Ambos están en tensión constante debido a que, mientras el sistema literario es autorreferencial, es decir, crea mundos sin necesaria existencia en la realidad empírica del momento de producción, el sistema social es multirreferencial, porque reenvía constantemente a signos de existencia histórica. En segundo lugar, planteamos que la sátira fue un antitexto literario, definido por la marginalidad que el género ocupó en el sistema poético de la Roma antigua. El concepto de antitexto fue desarrollado por Yuri Lotman y la Escuela de Tartú como el texto que se opone a las reglas que un sistema literario establece para que los textos se consideren semióticamente válidos. El antitexto se define como el texto que desafía la normativa vigente, que se resiste a la codificación y que constituye una amenaza para los textos canónicos, porque plantea la alternativa de existencia semiótica al margen de los rasgos exigidos por el sistema. Esta propuesta es novedosa y tiene relevancia por dos razones. En primer lugar, porque nos acercamos con ella a la noción textual de género, es decir, dejamos de ver el género como un 'modelo' y, en definitiva, como algo externo al texto mismo. Y en segundo lugar, porque plantea una ruptura con respecto a los géneros canonizados del momento. La sátira ingresó en el sistema literario romano como una vía alternativa a la de los géneros tradicionales, y se abrió camino, paradójicamente, mediante rasgos que el propio sistema descalificaba, como la poesía conversacional, alejada de lo mitológico, y con una temática social. Así, la sátira vino a llenar un casillero vacío a través de la antagónica combinación de poesía y sermo. El análisis se centró en las sátiras programáticas de Horacio y Persio, esto es, Hor. Sat. I 4, I 10 y II 1, y Persio I y V, dada la convicción de que en los pasajes metatextuales se entrelazan los códigos literarios y los códigos sociales como en ninguna otra parte de los poemas. Los textos en los que el poeta reflexiona sobre su propia actividad creativa son espacios de tensiones políticas, y en ese ejercicio de autodefinición se dirimen cuestiones tan relevantes como la postura que el poeta adopta ante el poder político, la manera como esto influye en la orientación literaria que da a su obra, o las respuestas que da a la tradición que elige seguir, entre otras. El estudio pormenorizado de los textos a la luz de las condiciones sociales y políticas históricas del contexto de producción de las obras nos permite explicar la sátira como un género de fronteras situado conflictivamente entre la intertextualidad y la interdiscursividad. La inasibilidad del género halla en este entrecruzamiento de códigos la mejor explicación de sus tensiones y de las dificultades que desde siempre hemos tenido los críticos para definir el objeto de estudio. ; [eng] Literary satire has always been a complex object of study. Scholars describe it as 'elusive' and 'protean', because its constant characteristics vary so much from one poem to another, that it is difficult to set a common pattern to all the individual works. The present study sustains the hypothesis that Roman satire can be located in the boundaries of two semiotic systems: the literary one, which tends to self-referentiality (that is, to the creation of worlds which do not necessarily exist in the empirical reality), and the social one, which is multi-referential (because it constantly refers to discourses of social reality). The second hypothesis we propose is that Roman satire is a literary anti-text defined by its bordering position between the literary and the social system. Developed by Yuri Lotman's Semiotics of Culture, the 'anti-text' is that which opposes the rules that a literary system sets for texts semiotically valid. The anti-text is a marginal text in competition for being part of the canon; it resists codification and threatens canonical texts because it represents the possibility of semiotic existence out of the system's rules. Roman satire emerges as an alternative way of expression in the literary system, and consolidates its place between the previous genres through characteristics which paradoxically the own Roman literary system discredited: conversational, anti-mythological and socially concerned poetry. Viewed from this perspective, satire fills an empty pigeonhole in Roman poetry by the conflicting combination of sermo and poetry. We focused the analysis on Horace's and Persius' programmatic satires, which are metatexts. These texts speak about the creative activity and enclosure political tensions; they are exercises of self-definition in which relevant issues arise: the position the poet assumes towards political power; the way it influences his poetics; or the answers the poet gives to the tradition he chooses. The detailed study of the texts already mentioned considering the social and political contexts of production allows us to explain satire as a genre of boundaries, polemically placed between intertextuality and interdiscoursivity.

THE FIGHT OF THE BACKBENCH MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF THE COMMONS IS EXAMINED DURING EARLY PARLIAMENTS: THE 24TH (1958-62), THE 26TH (1963-65), AND THE 28TH (1968-72). THE EXAMINATION IS BASED UPON A STUDY OF PRIVATE MEMBERS' BILL INTRODUCED BY CHASE LEGIS LATIONS. THESE BILLS WERE EXAMINED ACCORDING TO (1)WHETHER OR NOT THEY WERE ENACTED; (2) HOW MUCH CONSIMUCH CONSIDERATION THEY RECEIVED; ETC.

Many pay-as-you-go pension systems have increased or plan to increase their legal retirement age (LRA) to address the financial consequences of ageing. Although the success of these policies is ultimately determined at the labour market, little is known about the effects of higher LRAs at the firm level. Here, we identify this effect by considering a legislative reform introduced in Portugal in 1994: women's LRA was gradually increased from 62 to 65 years while men's LRA stayed unchanged at 65. Using detailed matched employer-employee panel data and difference-in-differences matching methods, we analyse the effects of the reform in terms of a number of worker- and firm-level outcomes. After providing evidence of compliance with the law, we find that the wages and hours worked of older women (those required to work longer) were virtually unchanged. However, firms employing older female workers significantly reduced their hirings, especially of younger female workers. Those firms also lowered their output although not their output per worker.

The transport sector accounts for the second biggest greenhouse gas emissionin the European Union (EU). In order to achieve the target of CO2 emission reduction there is a rapid growing interest in using biomethane as fuel for transport applications. Biomethane can be produced through anaerobic digestion or biomass gasification. Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process. Since the raw gas contains approximately 65 vol% CH4 and 3 5vol%, an upgrading process is needed to remove CO2. Göteborg biomass gasification project (GoBiGas) is the world's first demonstration plant for large-scale production of biomethane through the gasification of forest residues. To achieve high purity CH4, a methanation process is required after gasification. This work compares these two technologies from the perspective of energy efficiency. Simulation results show that they have similar efficiencies: 62-64% for AE and ~65% for GoBiG.

Beginning with a sustained analysis of Seneca's theory of monarchy in the treatise De clementia, in this 2007 text Peter Stacey traces the formative impact of ancient Roman political philosophy upon medieval and Renaissance thinking about princely government on the Italian peninsula from the time of Frederick II to the early modern period. Roman Monarchy and the Renaissance Prince offers a systematic reconstruction of the pre-humanist and humanist history of the genre of political reflection known as the mirror-for-princes tradition - a tradition which, as Stacey shows, is indebted to Seneca's speculum above all other classical accounts of the virtuous prince - and culminates with a comprehensive and controversial reading of the greatest work of renaissance political theory, Machiavelli's The Prince. Peter Stacey brings to light a story which has been lost from view in recent accounts of the Renaissance debt to classical antiquity, providing a radically revisionist account of the history of the Renaissance prince

Features of collage works and block works were examined from the viewpoints of form and content in particular. Relationships between the Tokyo University Egogram scores and these features were then examined. The participants with high Critical Parent scores tended to correlate with
the number of human figures (r = .56, p < .10) and plants (r = -.55, p < .10) present in their collage works and with the number of basic blocks (r = -.67, p < .05). Meanwhile, those with high Adult scores correlated with the number of human
figures (r = .57, p < .10) present in their collages and the number of basic blocks (r = -.62, p < .10). Finally, those with high Free Child scores tended to correlate with the area of expression (r = .72, p < .05) in collage works and the
number of specific blocks (r = .65, p < .05).

In western economies with aging populations, organizations are increasingly challenged to understand and manage employees' retirement expectations. At the same time, employees' relationships to retirement decisions and the age at which they expect to retire are likely to change as their careers unfold. This article seeks to inform the careers and management literatures on factors contributing to retirement intentions at different career stages. Using a sample of mid- and late career professionals with MBAs, we find that mid-career professionals expect to retire three years earlier than those in late career (age 62 versus age 65.) Work centrality is associated with intentions to retire later, while positive retirement attitudes and higher income are associated with intentions to retire earlier. Furthermore, the expected retirement age is more sensitive to income at mid-career (than at late career) and is more sensitive to work centrality at late career (than at mid-career). We discuss implications for careers research and for human resource management practice.

Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) constitute important democratic institutions, providing citizens with an independent analysis on how the Governmental Offices and the central public administration function. This paper reports on findings from a survey, submitted to all performance auditors at the Swedish SAI, on 3 May, 2011. The response rate was 70 per cent (65 out of 93 respondents). The survey covered areas such as SAI performance, organisational culture, organisation design, leadership and audit approach. Although confidence in the three Auditors-General has increased considerably since new appointees have replaced these posts, serious problems are pointed out in other areas. Specifically, three areas stand out: SAI performance, SAI organisation and finally SAI compliance with international standards as well as with the Swedish Constitution. Only 3 out of 62 respondents believe that the number of managers at the Swedish SAI is reasonable and 5 out of 65 respondents believe that the organisation design works well. Only 23.8 per cent of respondents believe that the SAI itself meets the standards that it requires other agencies to meet and 26.7 per cent of respondents believe that the costs for the Swedish SAI are reasonable.