City branding: the ghostly politics of representation in globalising cities
In: Routledge research in planning and urban design
1. Introducing urban branding : a spectral metaphor -- 2. The evolution of the place branding debate -- 3. Neoliberalism, consumption and the institutional frameworks of city branding -- 4. City branding as a politics of representation : a play with the visible, the invisible and the ghostly in-between -- 5. The global, the creative and the smart city -- 6. Symbols, spectres and the emotional geographies of city branding -- 7. Assessment and evaluation of urban brands, or, Disciplining urban spectres -- 8. Concluding remarks : insurgent ghosts and the politics of city branding.