Suchergebnisse

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the association of social networks with being in work, contrasting those under age 50 with those over 50 years.Design/methodology/approachA case study is undertaken of a local labour market in Scotland. Data were collected by interview using a semi‐structured questionnaire from 194 people divided into four groups. Data include information on individuals' socio‐economic characteristics and on their networks. A four‐way comparison is made by age and employment status.FindingsThose in work have denser social networks populated with members with higher social and human capital. For those over 50 years, the more contacts one has with higher prestige employment positions (a proxy for social capital), and the stronger the ties with these contacts, the more likely that one is to be in employment. For those under 50 years, their own qualifications and the number of contacts are important.Research limitations/implicationsThis work adds to both research on employability and social networks.Social implicationsThe over 50s tend to be the age group that is most likely to be not in employment and as populations age there is a need to ensure that barriers to employment against those over 50 are reduced. Finding routes to reduce unemployment will also help combat social exclusion.Originality/valueThis is in the combination of a social network approach with age cohort analysis to give insight into how social capital is associated with being in employment.

Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1976 .R447. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1976.

The current study examines change and stability of cognitive skills across life stages and delves into the factors contributing to changes in cognitive skills. Specifically, we examine the associations between cognitive skills and individual characteristics and contextual factors in a large sample of German adults aged 16–65 years (N = 2,430; PIAAC-L data). Across all age cohorts, cognitive skills were predicted mainly by a person's educational background, but they were also associated with factors related to socialisation, lifestyle and personality. The findings indicate that specific factors influence cognitive skills at different life stages. For example, personality was related to cognitive skills solely in the two younger age cohorts, whereas the impacts of contextual factors were most pronounced in the middle cohort.

Objective The main objective of this article is to explore whether age seems to affect political attitudes and behavior in authoritarian China and, if so, whether 'generation' seems to matter, in addition to 'age' itself, in driving differences among age cohorts. Methods The primary analytical method of identifying 'perturbations' (Watts, 1999) focuses on determining deviations from what are considered to be established Western democratic 'baselines' for various age-behavior/attitude relationships, drawing upon regime type and 'generational differences' as primary factors in explaining the deviations. Results and Conclusion Among all of the results, the most consistent pattern and conclusion is that of a 'One Child' generation that is markedly different from its predecessors, and not just due to youthfulness. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis study analyzed multidimensional poverty among different age cohorts in South Korea. The elements of poverty were stratified along with the individual, social, and structural dimensions, considering five poverty dimensions (monetary, health, housing, human relations, and social security) that represent wellbeing or quality of life. Latent class analysis revealed different structures by age group. The proportion of young people (≤54 years) suffering from multidimensional poverty was much smaller than other age groups. For young‐old people (55–64 years), the probability of deprivation exhibited a dispersed pattern across health, housing, human relations, and social security, whereas the old‐old (65–74 years) and oldest‐old (≥75 years) groups exhibited significant risk in the health dimension. These findings suggest the need for expansion of the scope of community care services for beneficiaries, promotion of housing welfare, and strengthening of social networks and psychological support policies.

ObjectiveThe main objective of this article is to explore whether age seems to affect political attitudes and behavior in authoritarian China and, if so, whether "generation" seems to matter, in addition to "age" itself, in driving differences among age cohorts.MethodsThe primary analytical method of identifying "perturbations" (Watts, 1999) focuses on determining deviations from what are considered to be established Western democratic "baselines" for various age‐behavior/attitude relationships, drawing upon regime type and "generational differences" as primary factors in explaining the deviations.Results and ConclusionAmong all of the results, the most consistent pattern and conclusion is that of a "One Child" generation that is markedly different from its predecessors, and not just due to youthfulness.

Abstract
Are Russians religious? In this paper, religiosity in Russia (2011–2021) is decomposed into age, cohort and period effects using panel data analysis techniques. It is shown that age effects on religiosity are U-shaped: respondents are more religious when young or old with the minima at the age of 41–45 for women and 46–60 for men. The most religious cohorts in Russia were born in 1960–1980. There is a sharp decline in religiosity in younger generations. There is also a large gender religiosity gap in older generations: women are more religious than men. However, in younger cohorts, the gender religiosity gap closes. Time effects suggest that religiosity in Russia was increasing before 2016, while in 2016, a substantial decline occurred. Since 2016, there has been no growth in religiosity.

For as long as people have held opinions in the political realm, there has been research trying to decipher exactly what people think and believe as well as when they begin to hold these beliefs. This present study sorts the respondents studied into age cohorts and then follows them throughout the data. All of the data used in this study are from the National Election Study Data from 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004. This study is a repeated cross-sectional study since different individuals are used throughout the study, and this study measures opinions only on the aggregate level. Sorting the respondents into age cohorts allows this study to track people of similar age as they respond to different life experiences as well as world events as they age. When appropriate, the data are compared to the main models of political socialization to determine how accurate these generally accepted models are. The items analyzed in this study vary greatly in subject as well as how specific they are. Everything from United States Presidential vote choices, opinions on affirmative action and federal welfare spending to political knowledge is analyzed to ascertain if these things interact with age, and if they do interact with age, to what extent. Besides observing opinions on these issues, certain issues will have their saliency measured throughout the years using the Somers' D statistic. This will help determine what issues people are thinking of when they are forming their ideology. The results from this paper show that some issues and beliefs, such as self-described ideology and political knowledge, are very strongly related to age. Other issues and beliefs in the political realm, such as strength of United States Presidential vote choice and opinions on federal welfare spending, seem to not be related to age or influenced heavily by period effects and other things besides age. ; 2011-05-01 ; B.A. ; Sciences, Department of Political Science ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

This study examined the nature and extent of domestic violence and its impact on psychosocial functioning among women of different age groups. No differences were found across age groups in the severity of violence, nature of injuries, use of alcohol or drugs at the time of the incident, attribution of blame, likelihood to report violence, or rates of childhood physical abuse and depression. However, the older women were more likely to have experienced violence for a longer time, to be in current violent relationships, and to have health and mental health problems than were the younger women. These similarities and differences are discussed in terms of interventions.