Suchergebnisse

HIV/AIDS is one of health issues that was sensitive to talk about. It related to the unique nature of the disease. HIV/AIDS case factually appeared as an iceberg phenomenon but, in addition, it brought stigma and discrimination that were experienced by the sufferers as well as their families. The number of HIV/AIDS cases, as a matter of fact, increased every year. Although the reported number of HIV/AIDS cases of children were lower than of adults the children, anyhow, were very vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.The objectives of this research was to recognize and describe: 1. the regulations that guarantee rights protection of the children suffering from HIV/AIDS disease at Semarang City, 2. rights fulfillment of the children suffering from HIV/AIDS at Semarang City, 3. Supporting and obstructing factors influencing rights fulfillment of the children suffering from HIV/AIDS disease at Semarang City.This research applied socio-legal aproach and used analytical-descriptive specification. While The data were gathered by having interviews and observation beside library studies. The informants or data resources of this researach consisted of four children suffering HIV/AIDS and/or their guardians.The results of this research showed that there had been some legislations which mandated the guarantee of the children's rights protection. The articles of the legislations, ranging from the Constitution of 1945 to the Acts dealing with children's rights protection, had supported and strengthened each other. However, there were indeed no regulations or specific guarantee program provided to the children suffering from HIV/AIDS. Actually the rights fulfillment of the children suffering from HIV/AIDS was factually accomplsihed but it had not been optimal. The supporting factors in efforts of fulfilling the children's rights were the the fact that there were programs of counseling and socialization of HIV/AIDS and anti-discrimination. The obstructing factor, on the other side, dealt with the budget for HIV/AIDS prevention programs that ...

IntroductionHIV‐1‐associated CD4+ T‐cell depletion is a consequence of uninfected cell death. Nef is one of the viral factors that trigger apoptosis on bystander cells, though the plasma Nef levels do not correlate with Th lymphocytes counts. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether anti‐Nef antibodies were involved in paediatric AIDS development and whether they can prevent the CD4+ T‐cell depletion in vertically infected children.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy three HIV‐1 vertically infected children seen at Garrahan Paediatric Hospital were randomly included in the study, adding 13 selected cases: seven LTNP (long‐term non‐progressors) and six RP (rapid progressors) children (ntotal=286). Specific anti‐HIV‐1‐Nef antibodies were titrated by indirect ELISA and compared between groups. The plasma blocking effect on Nef‐dependent cytotoxicity was evaluated in Jurkat cells using recombinant Nef as apoptotic stimulus and patient plasmas as blockers, measuring the apoptotic levels using Annexin‐V stain and flow cytometry.ResultsOnly 63.4% of the patients had specific anti‐Nef antibodies, and the levels of anti‐Nef antibodies found in the selected LTNPs plasmas were always significantly higher (p=1.55×10−4) than those in RPs or general HIV‐1+ paediatric populations. The LTNPs' plasma had a strong inhibitory effect on Nef‐dependent cytotoxicity even at high dilutions, while RP plasmas had little or no effect on Nef‐induced apoptosis.Discussion and conclusionsHigh anti‐Nef antibody levels are associated and predict slow or non‐progression to AIDS in vertically HIV‐1‐infected children. They could be an efficient tool in preventing Nef‐associated bystander effect, preserving CD4+ T‐cells and the immune function in the context of paediatric HIV‐1 infection.

"Provides basic consumer health information about transmission, testing, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), related complications, and tips for living with HIV/AIDS. Includes index, glossary of related terms and directory of resources"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Part I The Physician-Patient Relationship -- Duty to Treat -- 1 George J. Annas (1988), 'Legal Risks and Responsibilities of Physicians in the AIDS Epidemic', Hastings Center Report, April/May, pp. 26-32 -- 2 Norman Daniels (1991), 'Duty to Treat or Right to Refuse?', Hastings Center Report, March/April, pp. 36-46 -- 3 Doran Smolkin (1997), 'HIV Infection, Risk Taking, and the Duty to Treat', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 22, pp. 55-74 -- Confidentiality/Privacy -- 4 Gary B. Melton (1988), 'Ethical and Legal Issues in AIDS-Related Practice', American Psychologist, 43, pp. 941-47 -- 5 Kenneth M. Boyd (1992), 'HIV Infection and AIDS: The Ethics of Medical Confidentiality', Journal of Medical Ethics, 18, pp. 173-79 -- Infected Health Care Workers -- 6 Patti Miller Tereskerz, Richard D. Pearson and Janine Jagger (1999), 'Infected Physicians and Invasive Procedures: National Policy and Legal Reality', The Milbank Quarterly, 77, pp. 511-29 -- 7 Karen C. Lieberman and Arthur R. Derse (1992), 'HIV-Positive Health Care Workers and the Obligation to Disclose: Do Patients Have a Right to Know?', Journal of Legal Medicine, 13, pp. 333-56 -- Part II Aids and the Law -- 8 Larry Gostin (1989), 'The Politics of AIDS: Compulsory State Powers, Public Health, and Civil Liberties', Ohio State Law Journal, 49, pp. 1017-58 -- 9 Richard D. Mohr (1987), 'AIDS, Gays, and State Coercion', Bioethics, 1, pp. 35-50 -- 10 Alistair Orr (1989), 'Legal AIDS: Implications of AIDS and HIV for British and American Law', Journal of Medical Ethics, 15, pp. 61-67 -- 11 Helen Power (1997), 'HIV/AIDS, Sex and the Criminal Law', Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 19, pp. 343-51

The emerging outlook on the AIDS crisis is bleak; it seems that Millennium Development Goal 6 cannot be achieved in most developing countries by 2015. While most books look at the HIV/AIDS epidemic from an epidemiological point of view, this work evaluates AIDS and the international financing mechanisms of aid from a public good perspective. In contrast to the standard approach of the academic literature on AIDS, which derives policy recommendations from the demand side, this book explicitly considers the supply side. The study does not only advance the public goods literature, it also provides new insights into the effectiveness of international policies and paves the way for policy recommendations. As it reveals the weaknesses of current anti-HIV policies, a more effective allocation of international assistance is postulated.

"Under the direction of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator's Office, the HHS/CDC Global AIDS Program (GAP) is a partner in the unified U.S. Government (USG) effort to implement the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (the Emergency Plan). As part of this effort, GAP helps resource-constrained countries prevent HIV infection; improve treatment, care, and support for people living with HIV; and build capacity and infrastructure to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic." ; Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ; Title from title screen (viewed on Aug. 7, 2007). ; Mode of access: Internet from the CDC web site. Address as of 8/7/07: http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/gap/docs/2005RevisedGAPFACTSHEET.pdf; current access available via PURL.

In this collection of essays, Lawrence O. Gostin, an internationally recognized scholar of AIDS law and policy, confronts the most pressing and controversial issues surrounding AIDS in America and around the world. He shows how HIV/AIDS affects the entire population--infected and uninfected--by influencing our social norms, our economy, and our country's role as a world leader. Now in the third decade of this pandemic, the nation and the world still fail to respond to the needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS and continue to tolerate injustice in their treatment, Gostin argues. AIDS, both in t

The impact of AIDS cannot be adequately measured by epidemiology alone. As the editors of this volume argue, AIDS must be understood as a 'disease of society', which is challenging and changing society profoundly. Numerous books on AIDS have looked at the ways in which our social institutions, norms and values have determined how the disease has been dealt with, but this book, first published in 1991, examines the ways in which AIDS is, in turn, changing our social institutions, norms and values. It explores the impact of AIDS on the arts and popular entertainment, on our concept of family, on government and legal institutions and on the health services, and the ways in which AIDS is forcing society to come to terms with longstanding tensions between community values and individual rights