Suchergebnisse

El marco normativo internacional sobre el derecho de la educación del adolescente privado de la libertad establece garantías para su cumplimiento. El artículo analiza las principales tendencias investigativas en relación con los procesos pedagógicos y legislativos en educación, referidos a los sistemas penales juveniles en países de América Latina, España y Estados Unidos. Se examinan textos producidos entre 2018 y 2022, 50 artículos resultados de investigaciones y presentes en las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco y ProQuest. Esas investigaciones se enfocan en conceptos jurídicos y educativos enmarcados en cuestionamientos sobre el lenguaje y mediante categorías totalizantes y discriminatorias. Las investigaciones abogan por desarrollar líneas de acción enfocadas en el proceso restaurativo, por lo tanto, a pesar del gran avance en la defensa de los derechos humanos dentro de las unidades de atención socioeducativa para adolescentes judicializados, aún e presentan prácticas de violencia. Por lo tanto, se considera oportuno realizar intervenciones no solo con los jóvenes, sino con los demás implicados: sociedad, Estado, familia y otros, en aras de orientar las prácticas y el trabajo educativo.

En este texto de carácter reflexivo, crítico y ensayístico se realiza una crítica al consumo de masas basada en autores clásicos y contemporáneos de las Ciencias Sociales, en función de comprender el proceso acaecido desde la época fordista hasta el estado actual caracterizado por la uberización de la economía y el capitalismo esquizo. Como resultados se analizaron diversas obras de arte contemporáneo para debatir acerca del rol del arte como crítico al consumismo de masas; a la vez generador de lo que Deleuze y Guatari conceptualizan como máquinas deseantes. Se expone una visión negativa del consumo, por cuanto la capacidad de agencia de la ciudadanía se atomiza en múltiples elecciones nunca motivadas desde la propia voluntad individual, sino generadas desde un sistema egoísta y alienador.

La acción colectiva en episodios de dominación pura es una actividad natural de los sujetos dominados en el escenario público. Este trabajo es una discusión teórica a la obra "Los dominados y el arte de la resistencia" de James Scott. El objetivo es examinar las categorías analíticas y herramientas metodológicas utilizadas por el autor en la lectura de las sociedades subalternas y su relación con los grupos dominantes. Los hallazgos se fundamentaron en cinco categorías desarrolladas a través del análisis documental e informativo. El papel del Estado, los discursos, la ideología, infrapolítica y cultura se rescataron en la obra de Scott. El principal resultado es una innovadora literatura para el estudio de la dominación como proceso político a través de micro eventos, desde la mirada de los dominados. Finalmente se concluye con sugerencias para nuevas agendas de investigación que apliquen este enfoque teórico.

Presents an upcoming research that focuses on building a theory on how states relate to emigrating people, how states are organized outside their territories, and how the emigrating people relate to their country of origin. The project will focus on countries in the Middle East with an emphasis on Turkey, Syria and Algeria. L. Pitkaniemi

The aim of this essay is to provide an overview of current research on international democratization. I start by discussing the choice of empirical indicators. Given a set of indicators -- Freedom House & Polity, which stand out as the most useful ones -- I make a graphic representation of democratic tendencies in different regions in the world. In this survey one region, North Africa & the Middle East, comes out as exceptional; here no general improvements have been made since the early 1970s. I then make an account of explanatory conditions which have proved in large-n empirical studies to play a role for democratic progress (such as modernization, access to oil, popular demonstrations & the type of authoritarian regime). I end up in a puzzle, which regards the Muslim countries. We can establish, on the one hand, that these countries clearly under-perform democratically. But on the other hand, comparative research has not managed so far to point out why that is the case. We can see a pattern, but we cannot point out an empirically solid explanatory mechanism. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

From comparative research on the constitutional development in Central & Eastern Europe & also from the long-standing debate on whether parliamentarism or presidentialism best facilitates democracy, it is apparent that there has been & continues to be, a certain degree of confusion concerning the concepts of semi-presidentialism & presidentialism. Different scholars mean different things by the terms & therefore classify countries differently. In this article I argue that the conceptual dichotomy between pro-premiar (premier-presidentialism) & pro-president systems (president-parliamentary systems) provide the best solution to several of the problems related to categorizing constitutional types, most importantly perhaps to the presidential power dilemma. I, furthermore, employ these concepts on the post-communist constitutional systems & try to reveal patterns with regard to presidential power, geographical region & democratzsation. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 51 References. Adapted from the source document.

Research should not support authority by asking questions of the power that is already set. Science should never be a guide to the art of deception and control. Political science should not provide solutions for legitimate power and efficiency problems. Adapted from the source document.

Along with the technics that allows archaeology to adopt a precise knowledge about the composition of the materiality, also exists a critical thought that claims for take into account experience, perception and creativity. In the latter, we find Art-Archaeology approach. With this at background emerged the idea of the presence and the ontology of the 'dot' in archaeology, identified in the ongoing process of the attendance of a meeting at Kyoto, in the excavation of a simulated site, in the survey of an unidentified site and in a short research about Prehistoric tattoo. This idea, in its explicit simplicity, is part of a creative thought situated in the roots of the archaeological practice. In this paper I reflect about this through an artistic photo-essay that is at the same time an artistic and theoretical exercise, with the intention to identify the existence of the 'dot' in different dimensions of archaeology, and to make theory making art.

The Central Bureau of Statis in Sweden is gathering data on the duration of studies in arts & sci's. All S's who take an examination are obliged to fill out a questionnaire on this subject. So it is possible to compute (1) the (total - sum) duration, & (2) the net duration: time used for studies proper (all obstacles to studying such as illness, military service, part-time or full-time job, are subtracted), which gives information about the effectiveness of the study concerned. There appear to be large diff's in duration between diff combinations of subjects. I. Pipping.

Through history, performing arts such as theatre and film have been recognized as more affective, provocative and politically problematic than the written word. By studying adaptations of Bertil Malmberg's manuscript Excellensen, the aim of this article is to address the effects, problems and consequences of attempting to perform what, at the time, was regarded unmentionable. The place and time under study is neutral Sweden during the Second World War, a period saturated by elevated levels of legislation, surveillance and censorship. Recent adaptations of two controversial manifestos are also addressed, mainly in order to show that performing the unmentionable still is a pertinent and controversial issue. Adapted from the source document.

In 1870, political science was established as an academic discipline, attached to history, at the Lund University. In 1877, a chair in history and political science was created. Twenty-five years later, it was transformed into a chair in political science and statistics. In 1926, that symbiosis was put to an end and political science was awarded a chair of its own. Pontus Fahlbeck, professor from 1889 to 1917, was a historian who developed into a social scientist with broad interests: political science, statistics, economics, and sociology. Several of his books were also published in foreign languages and he had many contacts with colleagues abroad, particularly in France and Germany. However, the critical period in the modernization of political science in Lund happened just after the middle of the 20th century, with Nils Stjernquist, holding the chair from 1951 to 1983, at helm. The dependence of history and legal science waned; the influence of social science, especially in its American version, increased. The result was a modern political science department with broad interests and worldwide contacts. References.

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un acercamiento al estado de la cultura visual en Machala, provincia de El Oro, a través de un estudio analítico con bases contextuales. Su objetivo es explorar la visión contemporánea que se tiene sobre el Cantón desde diferentes aristas de reflexión relacionadas con la comunicación visual. En esta medida, se hace uso de la metodología del grupo focal, donde se reúne a cinco profesionales de la provincia, destacados en el área, quienes disertan sobre temas relacionados al arte, fotografía, publicidad, arquitectura y diseño. Asimismo, se apoya en el análisis de contenido y la revisión bibliográfica y documental de las memorias registradas del evento. Como resultado se ofrece una aproximación al imaginario colectivo que existe en Machala, cuyas bases se cimentan bajo premisas de consumismo, adoctrinamiento de culturas ajenas y desplazamiento del valor estético local.

El presente artículo analiza los cambios y permanencias en la estructura productiva de Misiones (Argentina), a partir de un abordaje interdisciplinario. En esta línea, el análisis del estado del arte favoreció el reconocimiento de etapas constitutivas de la estructura agraria de Misiones vinculadas primero a la actividad extractivista de la yerba mate (segunda mitad del siglo XIX); luego con el proceso colonizador hacia fines de este siglo y primeras décadas del XX. La economía extractiva dio lugar a una economía productiva a partir del desarrollo de actividades agrarias con fuerte centralidad del cultivo de yerba mate. Finalmente, a partir de la década de 1970 es posible identificar la consolidación del sector forestal dentro de los espacios rurales de Misiones. La metodología empleada es cualitativa y descriptiva con análisis de fuentes primarias, secundarias y realización de entrevistas a actores claves en el fenómeno estudiado. Los resultados pusieron en evidencia que, en las últimas décadas, la actividad forestal tuvo un profundo impacto en la estructura agraria de Misiones.

The goal of this article is to examine what role literature played for Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's political leader between 1965 and 1989. I focus on the period between 1968 and 1974, when the basis was laid for a cultural policy which was to be applied until the end of Ceausescu's reign in 1989. Such studies are easier to conduct today, when the archives of the Romanian Communist Party have been opened, and the protocols of Ceausescu's meetings with Romanian writers after his so called "Little Cultural Revolution" in 1971 have been published. What is especially salient is that Ceausescu saw literature, especially formalistically experimental literature, as a potential danger for his project of ideological repression of Romanian citizens. He also used literature and art in general in his struggle for independence from the Soviet Union and emancipation of Romanian identity. The results of Ceausescu's ideological turn in cultural policy were not at all positive for Romanian literature. Adapted from the source document.