Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT There are many researchers contributed to study the role of social support systems in grooming young graduate to become entrepreneurs. However, these findings are topic specific not integrating varied models proposed by various authors in entrepreneurship.Many aspects like family, peer group, educational institutions, etc. have keen role in acting as a factor of social support system.It has been pointed out by Susanti (2012) that someone who dares to choose entrepreneurship as a career is a person who feels being trusted by people, feel comfortable, able to deal with any risks.Such behavior can grow and thrive in the person who receives social support. All these researchers have pointed out the importance of social support system in grooming students to become young entrepreneurs.However, there are less number of studies have been conducted in Indonesian scenario to identify which are the variables that are closely knit with the social support theme in its contribution toward entrepreneurship among young graduates. Hence, contemporarily a study needs to be conducted by examining various models, theories, and recent review of literature, contextualizing the topic into Indonesian business school.In this context, an instrument was developed to measure factors of social support and particularly focusing on individual factors, in the education sector. The process of instrument development was initially conducted through qualitative method and followed by quantitative method. The study adopted various techniques including content analysis, and personal interviews with the students, followed by focused group discussion and Delphi technique with expert. After identifying the variables through Delphi technique, the variables were tested to meet the validity and reliability through quantitative method. This study utilized content, construct and face validity to validate sub-factors and items generated in the instrument. It was finalized that there are 25 items under 2 sub-factors of entrepreneurial social support. Introduction Social support is a concept which is widely deliberated and discussed across the globe. However, there are less number of studies have been conducted in Indonesian scenario to identify which are the variables that are closely knit with the social support theme in its contribution toward entrepreneurship among young graduates.It is undeniable that social support system is pivotal for university students in Indonesia, this support can enhance their motivation to involve in entrepreneurship. However, most of the students seldom obtain such support in their environment. There is a thought that many parents expect their children become civil servants then their life would be better than to be entrepreneurs (Mustikawati & Bachtiar, 2008).This statement is really tragic if it is linked to Indonesian economy with a high rate of unemployment and lack of job opportunities.A good entrepreneurial environment and good social support, in fact, will be able to overcome this severe problem. However, it is not that simple to start a new business in Indonesia. Many people who are engaged in small business like street ventures, small shoppers, etc. are perceived as almost equal to unemployed and are not considered as good ventures by the Indonesian community.While these small businesses are extending better turnover and good return on investment to the business starters.Here, the small ventures are associated with social stigma that these entrepreneurial jobs are less prestigious as a government job.Whereas, it is obvious that when someone intends to pioneer new business, he desperately needs a

Abstract  The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) assumes a biopsychosocial basis for disability and provides a framework for understanding how environmental factors contribute to the experience of disability. To determine the utility of prevalent disability assessment instruments, the authors examined the extent to which a range of such instruments addressed the impact of environmental factors on the individual and whether the instruments designed for different disability groups focused differentially on the environment. Items from 20 widely used disability assessment instruments were linked to the five chapters of the ICF environment component using standardized classification rules. Nineteen of the 20 instruments reviewed measured the environment to varying degrees. It was determined that environmental factors from the Natural Environment and Attitudes chapters were not well accommodated by the majority of instruments. Instruments developed for people with intellectual disabilities had the greatest environmental coverage. Only one instrument provided a relatively comprehensive and economical account of environmental barriers. The authors conclude that ICF classification of environmental factors provides a valuable resource for evaluating the environmental content of existing disability‐related instruments, and that it may also provide a useful framework for revising instruments in use and for developing future disability assessment instruments.

Assessment tends to be associated with students and learners; however, the term assessment encompasses both teachers and students. To understand the purpose of language assessment instruments, it is key to look for the designers and their preferences. This research aims to characterize 209 assessment instruments created by English teachers. This is a non-experimental and descriptive study that analyzes the types of instruments, the educational level, the language systems and skills, and the type and number of items. Two of the most important findings are related to the preferences Chilean English teachers have towards traditional assessment and the tendency to assess vocabulary and grammar; besides, the participants' preference for tests and fill-in-the gap items.

Reactions of clinical social workers in a family service agency to the use of rapid assessment instruments were surveyed and found to vary with the worker's theoretical orientation and the type of client problem. The authors suggest ways in which continued use of the instruments may be facilitated.