Suchergebnisse

Oral fluid is a promising new matrix for drug-testing programs for drug treatment, the workplace, pain management, and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID)7. As with any new technology, there are strengths and limitations. We discuss with international experts the role this new alternative matrix will play in diverse drug-monitoring settings, and the research, development, and legislation needed to permit oral fluid testing to best take its place in the modern laboratory armamentarium.

Hypocretins (also known as orexins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the regulation of sleep/wake states and feeding behavior. Recent studies have also demonstrated an important role for the hypocretin/orexin system in the addictive properties of drugs of abuse, consistent with the reciprocal innervations between hypocretin neurons and brain areas involved in reward processing. This system participates in the primary reinforcing effects of opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Hypocretins are also involved in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying relapse to drug-seeking behavior induced by drug-related environmental stimuli and stress, as mainly described in the case of psychostimulants. Based on these preclinical studies, the use of selective ligands targeting hypocretin receptors could represent a new therapeutical strategy for the treatment of substance abuse disorders. In this review, we discuss and update the current knowledge about the participation of the hypocretin system in drug addiction and the possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in these processes regulated by hypocretin transmission. ; This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants #PI07/0559,/n#PI10/00316, and #RD06/001/001 (RTA-RETICS), by the Spanish Ministry of Science/nand Technology (Consolider-C, #SAF2007-64062), the Catalan Government/n(SGR2009-00731), and by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies/n(ICREA Academia program). A Plaza-Zabala is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship/nfrom the Spanish Ministry of Education.

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Arsènic, dades recents sobre exposició i risc ; Arsénico, datos recientes sobre exposición y riesgo.

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Avaluació i autorització d'additius. Actualització ; Evaluación y autorización de aditivos. Actualización

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Reavaluació del glifosat ; Reevaluación de glifosato

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Reavaluació del glifosat ; Reevaluación de glifosato

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Avaluació i autorització d'enzims ; Evaluación y autorización de enzimas

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Àcid erúcic: un contaminant present en alguns olis i greixos vegetals ; Ácido erúcico: un contaminante presente en los aceites y grasas vegetales

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Alcaloides derivats del tropà ; Alcaloides derivados del tropano

Aliments; Riscos emergents; Seguretat alimentària ; Food; Food safety; Food risk assessment ; Alimentos; Riesgos emergentes; Seguridad alimentaria ; Bisfenol A (BPA) ; Bisfenol A (BPA)

Quality Improvement; Care Pathway; Performance Report ; Millora de la qualitat; Via d'atenció; Informe de rendiment ; Mejora de calidad; Vía de atención; Reporte de desempeño ; Background: The Health Department of the Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain, issued a quality plan for substance abuse centers. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a multidimensional quality improvement initiative in the field of substance abuse care and to discuss potentials and limitations for further quality improvement. Methods: The study uses an uncontrolled, sector-wide pre-post design. All centers providing services for persons with substance abuse issues in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia participated in this assessment. Measures of compliance were developed based on indicators reported in the literature and by broad stakeholder involvement. We compared pre-post differences in dimension-specific and overall compliance-scores using oneway ANOVA for repeated measures and the Friedman statistic. We described the spread of the data using the inter-quartile range and the Fligner-Killen statistic. Finally, we adjusted compliance scores for location and size using linear and logistic regression models. Results: We performed a baseline and follow up assessment in 22 centers for substance abuse care and observed substantial and statistically significant improvements for overall compliance (pre: 60.9%; post: 79.1%) and for compliance in the dimensions 'care pathway' (pre: 66.5%; post: 83.5%) and 'organization and management' (pre: 50.5%; post: 77.2%). We observed improvements in the dimension 'environment and infrastructure' (pre: 81.8%; post: 95.5%) and in the dimension 'relations and user rights' (pre: 66.5%; post: 72.5%); however, these were not statistically significant. The regression analysis suggests that improvements in compliance are positively influenced by being located in the Barcelona region in case of the dimension 'relations and user rights'. Conclusion: The positive results of this quality ...

La notion d'appropriation culturelle est au cœur de nombreuses polémiques. Elle peut aussi bien servir la lutte contre les discriminations que renforcer la fragmentation identitaire. Il faut lui substituer celle d'abus de biens culturels, qui met l'accent sur l'inégale représentation des cultures.