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A review essay on a book by Stephen Steinberg, Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought and Policy (Beacon Press, 1995 [see listing in IRPS No. 86]). In a discussion of the evolution of liberal thought & action regarding racial equality in the US, Steinberg claims that, despite the high moral goals of civil rights thought & legislation, policymakers have not possessed the vision or political power to achieve these goals. Although post-WWII liberals discredited biological racism & exposed white supremacy, they committed themselves to the belief that the US ideals of liberty, equality, & fair opportunity would overcome institutionalized racism without direct government action. Under President Lyndon Johnson, liberals recognized the need to reconstruct biased US opportunity structures; however, the massive scale & cost of resolving black inequality undermined voter support for race-oriented legislation, & liberal politicians began to attribute inequality to black social pathology. Growing backlash against affirmative action & recognition of the effort required to combat racial inequality have caused both liberals & conservatives to represent black communities as self-destructive & in need of moral rather political support. By doing so, politicians have further legitimized the stereotypes that proliferate racism & inequality. T. Sevier

AbstractTicket queues (TQs) issue tickets to customers upon arrival, and are often used in the public and private sectors. Abandonment data collected by TQs is interval censored, which makes predicting customer abandonments a challenging problem. In this paper, we build a Bayesian framework for predicting abandonment counts in TQs to assist managers in workforce planning. In doing so, we propose parametric and semiparametric modulated Poisson process models and develop their Bayesian analyses using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We implement our models using actual abandonment data from a bank's TQ, and illustrate how we can provide managerial insights related to abandonment counts and server allocation policies.

In this article, the issue around abandonment in judicial proceedings (Procedural abandonment) related with the imprescriptible pretensions will be analyzed, with a special mention to those relative to the right to property. The issue discussed in the National Jurisdictional Plenary of Civil Law and Civil Procedure of 2016 will be criticized. The true issue to be solved is revealed, it's the one related to the imprescriptible pretensions as case of inappropriateness of abandonment. It raises reasons that put in question the normative provision that links the procedural abandonment with those pretensions. Precisely because of the lack of strong arguments to justify the relation, a necessary legislative amendment is proposed.

Studies of the diffusion of policies tend to focus on innovations that successfully spread across governments. Implicit in such diffusion is the abandonment of the previous policy. Yet little is known about whether governments abandon policies that have failed elsewhere, as would be consistent with states acting as policy laboratories not only for policy successes but also for failures. This article focuses on the possible abandonment of failing welfare-to-work policies in the formative years (1997–2002) of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program across the 50 U.S. states. Using a dyad-based event history analysis, I find that, if both states in a pairing have a policy and one state's policy fails (in employing welfare recipients, reducing welfare rolls, or reducing overall poverty rates), then the other state is much more likely to abandon that failing policy. Moreover, such learning from the other state's experience is more common when the states are ideologically similar to one another and when the legislature in the potentially learning state is more professional.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus upon some important prerequisites for a qualitative good life for people who are users of signalling devices, prerequisites that at the same time represent barriers for communication, mobility and partaking in ordinary activities. It is also to discuss usability and user satisfaction from a new angle by combining disability studies with STS‐perspectives (Science, Technology and Society) in order to grasp the connection between disability as a social phenomenon and technology as a social actor. The paper discusses reasons for abandonment of AT‐devices (assistive technology‐devices) and the shaping of action by technologies.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach is used by the way of semi‐structured interviews with users and public and private service providers in the Norwegian hearing aid market. A bottom‐up strategy is used for data collection. First, users of signaling devices were interviewed about their experiences on how to get and use devices. Then service providers were interviewed about important issues that users raised. A keyword analysis was used in order to highlight barriers for use in daily life. Users were recruited through their interest organization and at an AT exhibition. All the interviews were conducted at cafeterias or at work places.FindingsThe article points at lack of information at companies' websites, professional power, the construction of "end user", routines of everyday life, as well as the matching of devices to age, gender and lifestyle along with attitudes of family, friends and neighbours as important barriers. The article shows how cultural norms and values about gender and disability are inscribed into the technologies. The end product, the polar bear, the watch or the wireless alert system, can be described as a "script" that is supposed to help the individual to perform actions, but as shown – can also limit actions or relations.Research limitations/implicationsThe design of AT‐devices as pointed at in this article not only deals with utility and functionality, but also with usability and human communication. More research on usability is needed, as well as on the user‐expert relationship and how devices function in society as identity markers. In sum, more research on AT is needed in order to develop more knowledge on how to reduce individual risks and societal costs related to abandonment or non‐use.Practical implicationsAlthough changes are taking place in AT services today, the article shows that issues of usability such as the aesthetical side of design, identity and user satisfaction are important but neglected issues by service providers and producers.Social implicationsDespite the ongoing, but slow process from a patient‐oriented system to a more user‐ or customer‐oriented AT system still represents a challenge for services as well as for the welfare state.Originality/valueThe article combines STS‐perspectives, disability studies perspectives and Silverstone's integrative framework on how to get and integrate mainstream ICT‐objects in private households, in order to discuss reasons for abandonment of AT‐devices for people who are hard of hearing. The approach highlights what is special with the integration of AT devices into private homes, as compared to mainstream ICT‐objects, and important reasons for abandonment are discussed that emphasize professional power, aesthetics, identity, as well as attitudes of others.

At the height of its operation in the second half of the nineteenth century, the central foundling home in Moscow was receiving 17,000 children each year. The home dispatched most to wet nurses and foster care in the countryside, where at any one time it supervised over 40,000 children in Moscow province and six adjoining provinces. Established by Empress Catherine II in the middle of the eighteenth century, the two central foundling homes (the other was in St. Petersburg) were intended to deal humanely with the growing problems of abandonment and infanticide and to serve as social laboratories for educating artisans and craftspeople. David Ransel explores the creation and management of these institutions, shows how they functioned as a point of contact between educated society and the village, and compares them to the European foundling care programs on which they were modeled. "There were two central foundling homes in Russia, one in Moscow, one in St. Petersburg. ... [In this book] no significant aspect of their history is left untouched, and many issues are described and analyzed in rich detail. ... the book becomes, in part, a history of rural Russia over a one-hundred-fifty-year period, or, more accurately, of the provincial hinterlands of the two capitals. ... The interaction between city and countryside turns out to be much more than a clich in this fascinating study."--Reginald E. Zelnik, American Historical ReviewOriginally published in 1988. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905