Suchergebnisse

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ; Objective: In the British Army, fitness is assessed by a load carriage test (Annual Fitness Test, AFT) and by a three event Personal Fitness Assessment (PFA). Body composition based on body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) is also part of a mandatory annual assessment. This study examined the influence of BMI and AC on fitness test results within a comprehensive sample of British Army personnel. Design: Secondary analyse were carried out on data obtained from the 2011 Defence Analytical Services and Advice (DASA) database for 50,635 soldiers (47,173 men and 3,462 women). Methods: Comparisons using loglinear analysis were made between groups of individuals classified by body mass index as obese (≥30 kg/m2) and not obese (<30 kg/m2), and further classified using combined BMI and AC for obesity-related health risks to compare "no risk" with "increased risk." Results: Not obese or "no risk" soldiers had a significant relationship with success in the AFT (p < 0.01) and PFA (p < 0.01). Of those soldiers who attempted the AFT, 99% of men and 92% of women passed; for the PFA, 92% of men and 91% of women passed. Obese or "at risk" soldiers were more likely to fail and far less likely to take both tests (p < 0.05). Compared to older obese soldiers, young obese soldiers were more likely to attempt the tests. Conclusions: We conclude that BMI and AC are useful indicators of fitness test outcome in the British Army.

AIM: To assess the effect of abdominal massage pre‐gavage feeding on tolerated feeding for low birth weight (LBW) infants. METHODS: An experimental research design at a government hospital at Egypt. Purposive sample composed of LBW infants was randomly divided into study and control groups each with 60 LBW infants. RESULTS: A total of 55% of the participants in the study group grew sleepy, whereas only 15% of the studied participants in the control group grew sleepy. The abdominal circumference after feeding in the study group was 23.18 ± 2.99 cm, whereas that in the control group was 24.79 ± 2.99 cm. The gastric residual volume in the study group was 0.8 ± 0.10 ml, whereas that in the control group was 3.86 ± 1.03 ml. CONCLUSION: Finally, abdominal massage had a positive impact on the postfeeding state of alertness and feeding tolerance.

Aim: To assess the effect of abdominal massage pre-gavage feeding on tolerated feeding for low birth weight (LBW) infants. Methods: An experimental research design at a government hospital at Egypt. Purposive sample composed of LBW infants was randomly divided into study and control groups each with 60 LBW infants. Results: A total of 55% of the participants in the study group grew sleepy, whereas only 15% of the studied participants in the control group grew sleepy. The abdominal circumference after feeding in the study group was 23.18 ± 2.99 cm, whereas that in the control group was 24.79 ± 2.99 cm. The gastric residual volume in the study group was 0.8 ± 0.10 ml, whereas that in the control group was 3.86 ± 1.03 ml. Conclusion: Finally, abdominal massage had a positive impact on the postfeeding state of alertness and feeding tolerance. © 2021 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ; This study was self-funded, without any external sources I would like to express my sincere thanks for parents of neonates who included at the study.

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of 3 lifestyle intervention programs in an active duty military population. Design: Experimental design with stratified random assignment to 1 of 3 intervention groups. Measures were taken at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Setting: A Military Treatment Facility in the western U.S. Subjects/Intervention: 122 active duty service members were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 lifestyle intervention programs: the Diabetes Prevention Program-Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB), the Better Body Better Life (BBBL) program or the Fitness Improvement Program (FIP). Measures: weight, abdominal circumference, lipid and HbA1c levels, physical activity, and well-being as measured by the RAND SF-36 questionnaire. Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed to assess changes over time. Results: 83 participants completed the study (BBBL N = 23, FIP N = 30, DPP-GLB N = 30). The DPP-GLB participants had statistically significant decreases in weight (-3.1 pounds, p = .01) and abdominal circumference (-0.9 inches; p = .01) over time. HbA1c was also significantly lower in this group at 6 months compared to baseline ( p = .036). There were no statistically significant changes in weight, abdominal circumference, or HbA1c in the FIP or BBBL groups. No significant changes were observed in lipids in any of the groups. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that the DPP-GLB program may be effective in reducing weight, abdominal circumference, and HbA1c in an active duty U.S. military population.

Adult gains in body weight, excess adiposity, and intra-abdominal fat have each been associated with risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), forming the basis for preventive medicine guidelines and actuarial predictions using practical indices of weight (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) and waist circumference (WC). As obesity-related disease spreads beyond affluent western countries, application of WC thresholds to other populations has highlighted issues of their generalizability. For example, U.S. national health goals based on BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC < 89 cm (women) and <102 cm (men) differ considerably with a recent law in Japan mandating intervention for older adults with WC exceeding 90 cm (women) and 85 cm (men). The U.S. military has also faced issues of generalizability of WC-based adiposity standards that are fair and achievable. Data from many studies indicate that WC is a reliable biomarker for T2DM risk, suggesting that, for adult men and women, action thresholds should be more stringent than current U.S. guidelines, and it would not be harmful to set worldwide targets somewhere below 90 cm for men and women, regardless of weight status. Medical technology has provided many great insights into disease, including modern imaging technologies that have differentiated fat depots that have the greatest influence on T2DM, but ultimately, an inexpensive measuring tape provides the most useful and cost-effective preventive measure for T2DM today. At some point in the future, a Star Trek-like abdominal body fat "tricorder" noninvasive assessment of tissue composition may provide an advantage over abdominal girth.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are health issues that are the focus of the Indonesian government, especially in the era of Universal Health Coverage/Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). The prevalences have been steadily increasing daily. Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) has the highest prevalence of DM in Indonesia, while hypertension prevalence is 25.7% according to data from Riskesdas 2013. Complications from diabetes and hypertension lead to decreased quality of life and premature death, therefore it is necessary to have a better management strategy to reduce the risks. Nowadays, there are no diabetes and hypertension screening questionnaires which have been validated and implemented in the district of Bantul. Therefore, it is important to develop screening questionnaires for early detection of diabetes and hypertension as a tool for primary care physicians to perform tasks at the preventive level.Objective: This study aimed to measure the accuracy of screening questionnaires to detect diabetes mellitus and hypertension in primary care in Bantul DIY.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method. The subjects of the study were a group of individuals aged 40-60 years in Bantul who met the criteria inclusion and the criteria exclusion. The study subjects were asked to complete the screening questionnaires of diabetes and hypertension. The results were then compared with the gold standard of fasting blood sugar and blood pressure check. The data were analyzed by using multivariate regression tests.Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors were a history of baby born weight ≥ 4 kg or gestational diabetes mellitus and the abdominal circumference was an independent risk factor for the incidence of diabetes in general population. Being a baby born with weight ≥ 4 kg and abdominal circumference had p = 0.001: RR 2.75 (CI 95%: 1.5 to 5.0) and p = 0.036: RR of 8.08 (CI 95%: 1.15 to 56.8), respectively. The risk factor of age was an independent risk factor for hypertension with p = 0.003: RR of 3.1 (CI 95%: 1.4 to 6.6).Conclusion: History of a baby born with weight ≥ 4 kg and abdominal circumference were appropriate for screening DM, meanwhile the age was appropriate for screening hypertension.

This research explores how the United States Air Force Physical Fitness Test (AFPFT) events compare to sister-services' physical fitness test events with respect to their predictability of combat capability. Multiple regression tools, non-parametric analyses, and chi2 contingency table hypothesis testing were utilized to test hypotheses about performances and determine associations between involved variables. AFPFT scores had minimal predictability (adj R2 0.2045) [but improved when raw data replaced scoring sheets, pushups have no maximum, and abdominal circumference and age are removed (adj R2 0.7703)]. Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) predicts higher combat capability (p-value 0.0208). The best two-event model incorporated a 1/2-mile run and 30-lb. dumbbell lifts (adj R2 0.8514), and the best three-event model also incorporates pushups with no maximum (adj R2 0.8819). Completion of the fireman's carry has a dependency on both BMI >25 (p-value 0.00152) or a waist >32.5" (p-value 0.00521). Improvement in peer stratifications from the AFPFT to combat capability has a dependency on BMI >25 (p-value 3.19E-7), even with abdominal circumference excluded from the scoring (p-value 0.00586). Women were found to have lower combat capability than men (p-value 0.0003). Those who could not pass the fireman's carry were found to have lower combat capability (p-value 0.0002).

Background: Combined use of furosemide with albumin is an approved therapy to overcome diuretic resistance in treatment of ascites in decompensated chronic liver disease. Bolus dosing of diuretics has its own limitations due to pre-existing hypotension, post diuretic sodium retention and braking phenomenon. Slow albumin and furosemide Infusion has been shown to mobilize large ascites with improved diuresis and hemodynamic stability in decompensated chronic liver disease. This study was undertaken to compare efficacy and safety of infusion therapy vs bolus therapy in term the management of refractory ascites.Methods: Decompensated chronic liver disease patients with refractory ascites were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 each - Bolus therapy (intravenous albumin and furosemide as boluses) and Infusion therapy (furosemide infusion at 2mg/hour and albumin at 2g/hour for three days). Diuresis, natriuresis, change in abdominal girth and body weight, and hemodynamic stability (change in SBP) were compared between the two groups.Results: Infusion therapy, as compared to bolus therapy, showed a significantly better diuresis (mean urinary output increment 483ml vs 243ml, p <0.001), natriuresis (mean urinary sodium excretion increment 35.2 mEq/L vs 16.6 mEq/L, p = 0.004),decrease in abdominal circumference (6.1cm vs 3.0cm, p<0.001) and decrease in body weight (5.53 Kg vs 2.86 Kg, p < 0.001). The complications of renal impairment were also lower in the Infusion group. Conclusion: Infusion of furosemide and albumin is a potential safer and effective therapeutic option in the management of refractory ascites with better natriuresis, higher urine output, and higher decrement in abdominal circumference and body weight, and lesser side effects.Keywords: Bolus dose; continuous infusion; decompensated chronic liver disease; refractory ascites.

A prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, destacando-se em sua etiologia fatores de risco modificáveis relacionados à alimentação desbalanceada. A circunferência da cintura (CC) é um método simples para avaliação do risco cardiometabólico, relacionada ao excesso de adiposidade abdominal. Considerando que os universitários constituem grupo potencialmente em risco para DCV, em função de mudanças em hábitos de vida acarretadas pela vida acadêmica, objetivou-se descrever a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e avaliar os fatores associados nessa população. Estudo transversal foi realizado a partir de dados dos prontuários de universitários assistidos nos anos de 2016 a 2019 em ambulatório nutricional de Universidade em Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram avaliados dados antropométricos (peso, altura, CC e dobras cutâneas), dietéticos (recordatório alimentar), e socioeconômicos dos pacientes. Os resultados evidenciam a maior parte dos acadêmicos como eutróficos (50,3%), contudo foram identificadas altas taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade (41,0%), excesso de gordura corporal (84,1%) e de risco para DCV (34,0%). A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi menor entre os indivíduos eutróficos, quando comparados aos com sobrepeso e obesidade (p<0,01); e a prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi 1,79 vezes maior entre os sedentários quando comparados aos que praticavam atividade física. As demais variáveis não apresentaram associação significativa ao desfecho investigado. Conclui-se que os universitários apresentam diversos fatores que configuram risco para o desenvolvimento de DCV, reforçando a necessidade de ações de promoção à saúde visando a adoção de um estilo de vida mais saudável e prevenção de doenças.

Palavras-chave: Obesidade Abdominal. Doenças Cardiovasculares. Consumo Alimentar. Estudantes.

Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has increased in the past decades, and its etiology includes modifiable risk factors related to an unbalanced diet. The waist circumference (WC) is a simple method to evaluate the cardio metabolic risk, related to the excess of abdominal adiposity. Considering that college students are a group potentially at risk for CVD due to lifestyle changes brought by the academic life, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of abdominal obesity and to assess the associated factors in this population. Cross-sectional study, based on medical records data of college students assisted in the years 2016 to 2019 in a nutritional outpatient clinic of a university in MatoGrosso do Sul. Anthropometric (weight, height, WC and skin fold measurement), dietetics (food record) and socioeconomic data were evaluated. Results demonstrate the majority of university students as eutrophic (50.3%), however high rates were identified of overweight and obesity (41.0%), body fat excess (84.1%) and CVD risk (34.0%). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was lower among eutrophic individuals when compared to those with overweight and obesity (p<0.01); and the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 1.79 times higher between physically inactive when compared to those who practice physical activities. The other variables did not show a significant association with the investigated outcome. Many risk factors set college students at CVD risk and reinforce the need for health promotion actions to stimulate a healthier lifestyle and disease prevention.

Keywords: Abdominal Obesity. Cardiovascular Diseases. Food Consumption. Students.

INTRODUCTION: Due to demographic change, an increase in the frequency of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is expected in the future and, thus, the identification of modifiable risk factors is urgently needed. We aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with incident PD. METHODS: In 13 of the 23 centers of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, a total of 734 incident cases of PD were identified between 1992 and 2012 with a mean follow-up of 12 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We modelled anthropometric variables as continuous and categorical exposures and performed subgroup analyses by potential effect modifiers including sex and smoking. RESULTS: We found no association between BMI, WC and incident PD, neither among men nor among women. Among never and former smokers, BMI and waist circumference were also not associated with PD risk. For male smokers, however, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between BMI and PD risk (HR 0.51, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.84) and the opposite for women, i.e. a significant direct association of BMI (HR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04, 3.08) and waist circumference (HR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.61) with risk of PD. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed no association between excess weight and PD risk but a possible interaction between anthropometry, sex and smoking. ; This research has been made possible thanks to a grant of the European Community (5th Framework Programme) to Prof. Paolo Vineis (grant QLK4CT199900927); and a grant of the Compagnia di San Paolo to the ISI Foundation. All authors are independent from founders. Mortality data from the Netherlands are obtained from "Statistics Netherlands". The centers contributing to the NeuroEPIC4PD study are financially supported by: Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO); ISCIII, Red de Centros RCESP, C03/09; Spanish Ministry of Health (ISCIII RETICC RD06/0020); German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Danish Cancer Society; Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra; Spanish Ministry of Health (ISCIII RETICC RD06/0020) Cancer Research U.K.; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; Stroke Association, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, United Kingdom; Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom; Welcome Trust, United Kingdom Greek Ministry of Health; Greek Ministry of Education; Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC); Italian National Research Council; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS); Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR); LK Research Funds; Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland); World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Swedish Cancer Foundation; Swedish Scientific Council; Regional Governments of Skåne and Västerbotten Counties, Sweden; Norwegian Cancer Society; Research Council of Norway; French League against cancer, Inserm, Mutuelle Generale l'Education National and IGR; the Hellenic Health Foundation.

The present study was conducted to find out the changes in anthropometric measurements with advancing age among elderly males living in old-age homes and those living in family. Cross-sectional data on anthropometric measurements and other general information were obtained for 400 male subjects (200 living in old-age homes and 200 living with family) ageing 60 years and above, and data were collected from various districts in Punjab. Height decreased non-significantly and sitting height decreased significantly ( p = 0.03) from 60 years to ≥80 years of age in both the groups of elderly males. Weight decreased significantly among the elderly males residing in old-age homes ( p < 0.001). Biceps ( p = 0.03) and thigh skinfold ( p = 0.009) thicknesses decreased significantly only among elderly residing in old-age homes. Abdominal ( p = 0.01) and supra-iliac ( p = 0.01) skinfold thickness measurements decreased significantly among elderly residing with their families. Circumference measurements on limbs decreased significantly ( p < 0.01) among both the groups of elderly (except upper arm circumference among elderly residing with their families). Abdominal circumference decreased significantly ( p = 0.04) among the elderly males residing with their families. Elderly residing in old-age homes retained more abdominal subcutaneous fat mass and lost more appendicular fat mass as compared with those residing with their families. Elderly residing with their families lost lesser appendicular muscle mass as compared with their counterpart's elderly residing in old-age homes.

This study was supported by the IthornD Project 2PSI2015-63494-P" of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (url: http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.00d7c011ca2a3753222b7d1001432e a0/?vgnextoid=33881f4368aef110VgnVCM1000001034e20aRCRD); co-supported by funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) +/- a way to build Europe (MIPR). ; Systematically review existing evidence to (1) identify the association between self-report stress and cortisol levels measured during pregnancy; and, (2) assess their association with adverse infant outcomes to determine which is the better predictor. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Search terms focused on pregnancy, psychological stress and cortisol. Nine electronic databases were searched, in addition to reference lists of relevant papers. Eligibility criteria consisted of studies that included measurement of self-reported psychological stress, cortisol and assessed their associations with any infant-related outcome. Further limits included studies published in English or Spanish with human female participants. A meta-regression was not feasible due to differences in study samples, measurement tools employed, types of cortisol assessed and outcomes reported. A narrative synthesis was provided. 28 studies were eligible for inclusion. Convergent validity between self-report measures and cortisol was reported by three studies (range r¼0.12–0.41). Higher levels of self-report stress were significantly associated with intrauterine growth restriction (fetal biparietal diameter, low fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference), low gestational age at birth, low anthropometric measures (birth length, head circumference, length of the neonate), poor infant neurodevelopment (cognitive development) and potentially pathogenic gut microbiota (Clostridiaceae Clostridium, Haemophilus) in six studies. Higher cortisol levels were significantly associated with intrauterine growth restriction (fetal biparietal diameter, low fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference), low gestational age at birth, low infant birth weight, poor infant neurodevelopment (attention scores on the Network Neurobehavioral Scale) and low levels of potentially protective gut microbiota (Lactobacillus, Slackia and Actinobaculum) in 13 studies. Of the studies that assessed which type of measure was a better predictor of infant outcomes (n¼6), there was agreement that cortisol levels were statistically better at predicting adverse outcomes than self-reported stress. Self-report stress measures appear to be modest predictors of adverse infant outcomes in comparison to cortisol. A number of methodological limitations need to be addressed in future studies to help understand the relationship between cortisol and self-reported stress and how they are related to adverse infant outcomes. ; Spanish Government 2PSI2015-63494-P ; European Commission

SummaryThe impact of maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight status and gestational weight gain on fetal growth patterns and newborn size was analysed using a dataset of 4261 singleton term births taking place at the Viennese Danube Hospital between 2005 and 2013. Fetal growth patterns were reconstructed from three ultrasound examinations carried out at the 11th/12th, 20th/21th and 32th/33th weeks of gestation. Crown–rump length, biparietal diameter, fronto-occipital diameter, head circumference, abdominal transverse diameter, abdominal anterior–posterior diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were determined. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference were measured immediately after birth. The vast majority of newborns were of normal weight, i.e. between 2500 and 4000 g. Maternal height showed a just-significant but weak positive association (r=0.03: p=0.039) with crown–rump length at the first trimester and with the majority of fetal parameters at the second trimester (r>0.06; p<0.001) and third trimester (r>0.09; p<0.001). Pre-pregnancy weight status was significantly positively associated with nearly all fetal dimensions at the third trimester (r>0.08; p<0.001). Maternal height (r>0.17; p<0.001) and pre-pregnancy weight status (r>0.13; p<0.001), but also gestational weight gain (r>0.13; p<0.001), were significantly positively associated with newborn size. Some of these associations were quite weak and the statistical significance was mainly due to the large sample size. The association patterns between maternal height and pre-pregnancy weight status with fetal growth patterns (p<0.001), as well as newborn size (p<0.001), were independent of maternal age, nicotine consumption and fetal sex. In general, taller and heavier women gave birth to larger infants. This association between maternal size and fetal growth patterns was detectable from the first trimester onwards.

Unhealthy lifestyles cost businesses, governmental organizations, and the United States military billions of dollars every year. To fight this rising cost as well as potentially save lives this study sought to understand if a cognitive-behavioral motivation treatment could positively affect the cognitive variables (attitude, self-efficacy, and locus of control) that induce long term behavior change. Anthropometric measurements, specifically body mass index, abdominal circumference, and abdominal height, were used to determine if long term behavior change resulted from the treatment. The Theory of Planned Behavior was the basis of this thesis' model, while the Valence, Instrumentality, and Expectancy (VIE) theory was the foundation for the cognitive-behavioral motivation treatment. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tested the theory based model and found two results: a cognitive-behavioral motivation treatment can positively affect cognitive changes that improve behavior and health and, a causal or mediation relationship among the cognitive variables of locus of control and self-efficacy was found instead of the predicted parallel relationship. Effective implementation of an intervention like the one used in this study could lower the United States Air Force's health care bill by as much as $40 million, improve employee efficiency and mission capability, enable longer healthier lives, and prevent premature death.