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The fall of Egypt, which was one of the centers of Islamic culture and civilization, into the hands of the West in 1798 CE, inspired the Islamic world of its weaknesses and made Muslims aware that in the West a new higher civilization had arisen and was a threat to Islam. The kings and leaders of Islam began to think about how to improve the quality and strength of Muslims again. So were born the ideas of renewal in Islam, which began in Egypt with one of its famous characters, Muhammad Abduh. This study aims to examine how Muhammad's reformed thoughts and the influence of his reformed thoughts on the Islamic world. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature review technique and uses library study data. According to Abduh, the reasons for the weakness of Muslims are mental poverty and the incorrect direction of thinking, but the main reasons are stupidity and misunderstanding of Islam and life. And to improve the situation of the people as a whole, it must be restored to the soul of togetherness, nationality, Islam, and humanity in general with the development of religion and religious teaching in Education from the basic level. Muhammad Abduh's reform thinking includes four core aspects: politics and nationality, social, belief, education and general teaching. Abduh's thoughts influence in Egypt has given birth to modern scholars, religious writers, political leaders, and Arab litterateur. His opinions and teachings have influenced the Islamic world through his own essays and through the writings of his students.AbstrakJatuhnya Mesir yang merupakan salah satu pusat kebudayaan dan peradaban Islam ke tangan Barat pada 1798 M, menginsafkan dunia Islam akan kelemahannya dan menyadarkan umat Islam bahwa di Barat telah timbul peradaban baru yang lebih tinggi dan merupakan ancaman bagi Islam. Raja-raja dan pemuka-pemuka Islam mulai memikirkan bagaimana meningkatkan mutu dan kekuatan umat Islam kembali. Maka lahirlah ide-ide pembaharuan dalam Islam, yang dimulai di Mesir dengan salah satu ...

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat pemikiran tokoh Islam yakni Muhammad Abduh mulai dari Bagaimanakah biografi dari Muhammad Abduh; Faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi pemikiran Muhammad Abduh; Apasajakah karya-karya dari Muhammad Abduh; dan Bagaimanakah konsep teologi rasional Muhammad Abduh. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode sejarah. Adapun hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah Muhammad Abduh lahir pada tahun 1265 H, bertepatan dengan tahun 1849 M di sebuah desa di Propinsi Gharbiyyah. Ayahnya bernama Abduh bin Hasan Khairallah, mempunyai silsilah keturunan dengan bangsa Turki, sedang ibunya, mempunyai silsilah keturunan dengan orang besar Islam, Umar bin Khattab. Beberapa faktor yang dapat dianggap mempengaruhi pemikiran Muhammad Abduh termasuk dalam bidang teologi, yaitu: pertama, Faktor sosial, Kedua, Faktor politik, dan ketiga, Faktor kebudayaan. Adapun karya-karya Muhammad Abduh, baik berupa bahan ceramah, bahan kuliah yaitu: Al-Waridat, Wahdat al-Wujud, Syarh Nahj al-Balaghah, Falsafat al-Ijtima'l wa al-Tarikh, yang menguraikan filsafat sejarah dan perkembangan masyarakat dan lain-lain. Dalam bidang teologi (akidah) Muhammad Abduh membahas dua tema pokok, yakni: Pembebasan umat Islam dari akidah kaum Jabariyah dan pemberian pengertian kepada umat Islam, bahwa akal adalah nikmat dari Allah dan harus selaras dengan agama dan risalah-Nya bagi manusia. Melalaikan kemampuan akal, berarti menutup mata dari nikmat Allah.

This writing is aimed at discussing the thought of Muhammad Abduh and addressing his social condition and influence in Islamic modern politics. Abduh was Islamic modern scholar that campaigned for the change based on rationale not religious dogmatism. His campaign can be seen from his effort to accommodate syari'ah basic principles with contemporary standards. Abduh's movement has colored Egyptian politics. Abduh's reform was started from changing education system critically according to modern method. He campaigned for Pan-Islamism and Islamic reform. He separated between essential and non-essential elements. He also perpetuated fundamental aspects and abandoned accidental historical aspects. Thus, he proposed several elements: returning to original source, Al-Qur'an and Hadits; using rationale proportionally in order to suit contemporary interpretation and standards. Then, according to Abduh, political organization cannot be ruled by Islamic teaching but the chorus. Therefore, Abduh's reform emphasized more in freedom to determine the form of state: Khalifah or western democracy

Abstrak: Modernisme Islam dalam Pandangan Muhammad Abduh. Modernisme dalam masyarakat Barat memiliki pengetian fikiran, aliran, institusi-institusi lama, dan sebagainya. Untuk disesuaikan dengan suasana baru yang ditimbulkan oleh kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi modern. Pemikiran dan aliran ini mempengaruhi dibidang agama dan modernisme dalam hidup keagamaan di Barat mempunyai tujuan untuk menyesuaikan ajaran-ajaran yang terdapat dalam agama. Penulis disini membahas modernisme Islam yang dilakukan oleh Muhammad Abduh, dikarena ia lebih memfokuskan pembaharuannya dalam masalah-masalah agama. Sedangkan Jamaluddin al-Afghani walaupun ia merupakan guru dari Muhammad Abduh, tetapi ia lebih memusatkan pemikiran dan aktifitasnya dibidang pembaharuan politik dibandingkan masalah-masalah agama.

Muhammad Abduh had a remarkably profound and lasting impact in Indonesia. His reformist ideas had a strong repercussion in the political and social landscape of the region. They were readily adopted by major Islamic movements, notably Muhammadiyah, al-Irshad and Persatuan Islam (Persis). Abduh's Tafsir al-Manar deeply influenced some momentous works of Qur'anic exegesis, such as Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Madjid (Tafsir al-Nur), Tafsir al-Misbah and Tafsir al-Furqan. His Majallat al-Manar, which was planned and collaborated with Rashid Rida since 1898, highly inspired reform-oriented scholarship evident in journals such as al-Munir, and al-Dhakhirah al-Islamiyah. This study aims to analyze the influence of Abduh's modernism in Indonesia. It attempts to discover the implication of his principle and philosophical tradition in the religious reform and modern movement in Indonesia. The method of study is based on qualitative approaches, using content analysis method. It was conducted based on library method to investigate the related data from primary and secondary sources. The data was analyzed using descriptive-analytical approaches, by way of inference (istisqa') and deductive (istinbat) method. The paper concluded that Abduh had profound and extensive influence in the Archipelago, especially his impact on Islamic reform and renewal (islah and tajdid) in Indonesia.

This study uses a quantitative approach, and using secondary data obtained from the Supreme Audit Agency (BPKD) includes Actual Budget Report 2009-2013. The study population was Realization Report Angaran.seluruh District / City in the province of South Sulawesi and the sample there are 12 districts / municipalities in South Sulawesi province. Data analysis was performed using linear regression methods and processed using SPSS 21.0 program. The research result mnenunjukkan that, (1) General Allocation Fund positive and significant impact on Capital Expenditure, (2) Special Allocation Fund has a positive effect, but the effect is not significant to the Capital Expenditure in the government district / city in South Sulawesi and (3) Surplus Financing Budget positive effect but not significant influence on the South Sulawesi Provincial Capital Expenditure.

Muhammad Abduh mempunyai pengaruh dan dampak yang kukuh dan luar biasa di kepulauan Nusantara. Karya-karya dan ideanya sangat berpengaruh dan kekal bertahan di rantau ini dengan kesannya yang meluas dalam landskap politik dan sosialnya. Beliau telah memberikan impak yang mendalam terhadap pergerakan Islam moden seperti Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah, Jam'iyah al-Irsyad, Persatuan Islam (Persis), Pensyarikatan Ulama, Hizbul Muslimin, dan Sarekat Islam. Tafsir al-Manar-nya telah memberi pengaruh yang jelas kepada karya-karya tafsir yang terhasil di Nusantara, seperti Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Qur'anul-Karim, dan sebagainya. Majalah al-Manar yang diilhamkan oleh Muhammad Abduh dan Rashid Rida telah memberikan inspirasi dan pikiran dasar terhadap banyak berkala dan akhbar yang berorientasikan reform yang menyalin dan menerjemahkan tulisan-tulisannya seperti majalah al-Munir, al-Imam, al-Ikhwan, Saudara, dan lainnya. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan meninjau pengaruh Abduh yang ekstensif dalam kebangkitan gerakan pembaharuan di Arkipelago Melayu. Kajian ini berbentuk studi kualititif dari jenis penelitian pustaka dengan metode analisis kandungan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deksriptif dan analitik. Penemuan kajian membuktikan bahawa Muhammad Abduh mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap harakat pembaharuan (tajdid) dan tradisi rasional yang berkembang di kepulauan Melayu-Indonesia.[Muhammad Abduh had a remarkably profound and lasting impact in South East Asia. His works and ideas were highly influential in the region with strong repercussion in its political and social landscape. He had strongly impacted the movements of Muhammadiyah, al-Irsyad and Persatuan Islam (Persis). His Tafsir al-Manar had broke the ground with rational outlook that influence major works of tafsir such as Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Quranul Karim, and others. The Majallah al-Manar planned and initiated by Muhammad Abduh had significantly inspired many reform oriented works and periodicals such as journal al-Imam, al-Munir, al-Ikhwan, Saudara, al-Dhakhirah al-Islamiyah and Seruan Azhar. Thus this paper attempts to survey Abduh's extensive influence and its impact on Islamic reform (tajdid) in the Malay Archipelago. The method of study is based on qualitative approaches, using content analysis method. It was conducted based on library research to investigate the related data that was subsequently analyzed using descriptive-analytical approaches, The finding concluded that Muhammad Abduh had deep influence in religious reform and rational tradition that flourished in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago.]

Muhammad Abduh had a remarkably profound and lasting impact in South East Asia. His works and ideas were highly influential in the region with strong repercussion in its political and social landscape. He had strongly impacted the movements of Muhammadiyah, al-Irsyad and Persatuan Islam (Persis). His Tafsir al-Manar had broke the ground with rational outlook that influence major works of tafsir such as Tafsir al-Azhar, Tafsir al-Quranul Karim, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Madjied (Tafsir al-Nur), Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Hakim, Tafsir al-Misbah and Tafsir al-Furqan. The Majallah al-Manar initiated by Muhammad Abduh had significantly inspired many reform oriented works and periodicals such as journal al-Imam, al-Munir, al-Ikhwan, Saudara, al-Dhakhirah al-Islamiyah and Seruan Azhar. Thus this paper attempts to survey Abduh's extensive influence and its impact on Islamic reform (tajdid) in the Malay Archipelago.

Since the arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte to Egypt in the late 19th century AD, the Islamic world can be said to have been aware of the lag in many areas including in the field of education. Therefore, among the scholars at the same time Muslim intellectuals in the Islamic world when it started thinking to bounce back and catch up with the Islamic world experienced such a variety of ways that may be carried out according to the conditions at that time. Among them was Sheikh Muhammad Abduh. In the course of his life, Abduh has done ijtihad and renewal through the various ideas put forward ideas or even gets serious challenges from various parties, including the scholars of al-Azhar itself. But all of that does not make him despair and retreat, so that his ideas had a great influence for the next generation. Abduh brilliant ideas include the fields of education, legal, social, administrative, political and others. This article only focuses his discussion on his thoughts about education which would still be relevant to observe in order to be an afterthought for students of education in this country. Abduh's ideas include the following educational objectives, curriculum, methods and the importance of education for women. ABSTRAK Sejak kedatangan Napoleon Bonaparte ke Mesir pada akhir abad ke 19 Masehi, dunia Islam dapat dikatakan telah menyadari akan ketertinggalan di berbagai bidang termasuk di bidang pendidikan. Karena itu, di antara ulama sekaligus intelektual muslim di dunia Islam saat itu mulai berfikir untuk bangkit kembali serta mengejar ketertinggalan yang dialami dunia Islam tersebut dengan berbagai cara yang mungkin dilakukan sesuai kondisi saat itu. Di antara mereka adalah Syeikh Muhammad Abduh. Dalam perjalanan hidupnya, Abduh telah melakukan ijtihad dan pem-baharuannya melalui berbagai ide atau gagasan yang dikemukakannya sekalipun mendapat tantangan yang berat dari berbagai pihak termasuk pihak ulama al-Azhar sendiri. Akan tetapi semua itu tidak membuatnya berputus asa dan mundur, sehingga ide-idenya ...

The Zakat Management Organization (OPZ) is an organization that is authorized or appointed by the government to collect, manage and distribute public funds related to zakat. Apart from having an impact on public health, the Covid-19 pandemic also has an impact on cross-sectors such as the economy, education and social humanity. The three sectors that are affected and are of concern to the government today are micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), vulnerable workers, and business actors in the tourism sector. In dealing with this situation, the zakat management organization (POZ) is expected to have an important role in helping the government in handling Covid-19, especially in handling the poor or mustahik who have just been affected by Covid-19.

Abstract: Muhammad Abduh is a influencing figure in religious field in the end of 19th and 20th century. He offered constructive ideas, especially in tafsîr field. The ideas is valued by some Muslim intelectual only as connecting from previously figure. Some influencing figures in Abduh's tafsîr are Syaykh Darwisyi in Sufisme, Sayyid Jamâl al-Dîn al-Afghânî in Logic, Jurnalism, and Science. He also interested in Imâm al-Ghazâli's essays, al-Zamakhsyâri's Tafsîr al-Kasysyâf, Jalâl al-Dîn al-Suyūtī's and Jalâl al-Dīn al-Mahallī's Tafsîr Jalâlayn, Fakhr al-Râzi's Tafsîr mafâtih al-Ghayb, al-Nasafī's Madârik al-Tanzîl wa Haqâiq al-Ta'wîl, and al-Baydhâwi's Anwâr al-Tanzîl wa Asrâr al-Ta'wîl. Key Words: Tafsîr, Abduh, al-Ghazâli, al-Nasafī, al-Baydhâwi, al-Zamakhsyâri, al-Thabari, dan Fakhr al-Râzi

This article tries to discuss the renewal education of Islam in the midst of western modernization by taking the thoughts of Muhammad Abduh and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Ridha. Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha's Islamic renewal education thought was influenced by the thoughts of their teachers. Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha believe that Islam encompasses political aspect, social aspect and spiritual aspect. In order to arouse these attitudes, Muslims must return to the teachings of Islam taught by the Prophet Muhmmad SAW and his companions. The presence of Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha as Islamic reformers aims to revive the spirit of the Muslim struggle against colonialism, so that Muslims are free from colonialism in the western world. The spirit of the Islamic community competed with advances in science, technology and the development of times in other fields is expected to increase through their thoughts. The result of this article show that Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha contribute in the form of thoughts on the renewal of Islamic education in the field of curriculum and institutions

This article tries to discuss the renewal education of Islam in the midst of western modernization by taking the thoughts of Muhammad Abduh and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Ridha. Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha's Islamic renewal education thought was influenced by the thoughts of their teachers. Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha believe that Islam encompasses political aspect, social aspect and spiritual aspect. In order to arouse these attitudes, Muslims must return to the teachings of Islam taught by the Prophet Muhmmad SAW and his companions. The presence of Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha as Islamic reformers aims to revive the spirit of the Muslim struggle against colonialism, so that Muslims are free from colonialism in the western world. The spirit of the Islamic community competed with advances in science, technology and the development of times in other fields is expected to increase through their thoughts. The result of this article show that Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha contribute in the form of thoughts on the renewal of Islamic education in the field of curriculum and institutions